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Khakha SA, Varghese T, Giri S, Durbin A, Tan GS, Kalaivanan M, Prasad JH, Kang G. Whole-genome characterization of common rotavirus strains circulating in Vellore, India from 2002 to 2017: emergence of non-classical genomic constellations. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 37730725 PMCID: PMC10510252 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are the most common etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis among young children, even after vaccine introduction in low-income countries. A whole-genome classification representing the 11 RV genes, was introduced for surveillance and characterization of RVs. This study characterized the common circulating strains in Vellore, India from 2002 to 2017 to understand rotavirus strain diversity and evolution using Whole genome sequencing (WGS) carried out on Illumina MiSeq. The 89% (92% of Wa-like, 86% of DS-1-like) of strains had classical constellations, while reassortant constellations were seen in 11% (8% of Wa-like, 14% of DS-1-like) of the strains. The rare E6-NSP4 in combination with DS-1 like G1P[8] and the emergence of the OP-354 subtype of P[8] were identified. Phylogenetics of RV strains revealed multiple subtypes circulating in the past 15 years, with strong evidence of animal to human gene transmission among several strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shainey Alokit Khakha
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Tintu Varghese
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sidhartha Giri
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Alan Durbin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maheswari Kalaivanan
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Gagandeep Kang
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
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Xia M, Huang P, Tan M. A Pseudovirus Nanoparticle-Based Trivalent Rotavirus Vaccine Candidate Elicits High and Cross P Type Immune Response. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1597. [PMID: 36015223 PMCID: PMC9413348 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. In this study, we further developed the S60-VP8* pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs) displaying the glycan receptor binding VP8* domains of rotavirus spike proteins as a parenteral vaccine candidate. First, we established a scalable method for the large production of tag-free S60-VP8* PVNPs representing four rotavirus P types, P[8], P[4], P[6], and P[11]. The approach consists of two major steps: selective precipitation of the S-VP8* proteins from bacterial lysates using ammonium sulfate, followed by anion exchange chromatography to further purify the target proteins to a high purity. The purified soluble proteins self-assembled into S60-VP8* PVNPs. Importantly, after intramuscular injections, the trivalent vaccine consisting of three PVNPs covering VP8* antigens of P[8], P[4], and P[6] rotaviruses elicited high and broad immunogenicity in mice toward the three predominant P-type rotaviruses. Specifically, the trivalent vaccine-immunized mouse sera showed (1) high and balanced IgG and IgA antibody titers toward all three VP8* types, (2) high blocking titer against the VP8*-glycan receptor interaction, and (3) high and broad neutralizing titers against replications of all P[8], P[4], and P[6] rotaviruses. Therefore, trivalent S60-VP8* PVNPs are a promising non-replicating, parenteral vaccine candidate against the most prevalent rotaviruses worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.X.); (P.H.)
| | - Pengwei Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.X.); (P.H.)
| | - Ming Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.X.); (P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Kesheh MM, Khatami A, Saadati H, Jabbari M, Razizadeh MH, Fatemipour M, Ghorbani S, Soleimani A. Salivirus infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis of association with gastrointestinal symptoms in children. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2238. [PMID: 34997675 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Salivirus (SaV) is a newly described member of the family Picornaviridae that has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, particularly in children. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of SaV in symptomatic children and its potential association with GI complications. A systematic search was conducted from 01 December 2009 to 10 December 2020, in three major English databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science as well as Google scholar search engine. Random effect model-based overall prevalence and odds ratio (OR) were assessed in cross-sectional and case-control studies by STATA 14.1. The random effect model-based pooled prevalence of SaV was 1.6% (95% CI, 0.010-0.022%) and overall OR for all eight case-control studies indicated an association (3.19 with 95% confidence interval 1.35-7.57) that was not statistically significant, due to the small number of studies available. More comprehensive case-control studies in multiple geographies should be conducted on the prevalence of SaV in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mobini Kesheh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jabbari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Fatemipour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Akinola MT, Uba A, Umar AF, Agbo EB. Asymptomatic Rotavirus infections among children in Maiduguri, Borno state, Northeast, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2020; 19:198-202. [PMID: 32820733 PMCID: PMC7694705 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_55_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rotavirus remains one of the main causative agents of gastroenteritis in young children. This happens, especially in countries (e.g., Nigeria) that have not yet introduced the vaccine into the national immunization program. A significant prevalence of Rotavirus infection both in children and adults without major symptoms has earlier been reported. This study aimed at defining the prevalence of asymptomatic Rotavirus infection from apparently healthy children in Maiduguri, Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. Methods: A total of 269 stool samples were randomly collected from apparently healthy children <15 years of age from July 2017 to June 2018. All samples were screened using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for the presence of Rotavirus antigen. The Rotavirus-positive samples were further subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine their RNA electropherotypes. Results: A total of 59 stool samples (19.9%) were Rotavirus positive with peaks observed in the cold dry season, among male children, and 6–10 years of age group. A total of 50 randomly selected Rotavirus-positive samples were subjected to PAGE, and none of the samples showed either long or short profiles. Conclusion: This study shows that Rotavirus can be shed into environments without any signs and symptoms. In view of this, the Rotavirus vaccine should be considered a priority and be introduced in the existing national immunization program in Nigeria, particularly in Borno State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilade T Akinola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Auwalu Uba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed F Umar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Ediga B Agbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria
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Isabel S, Higgins RR, Peci A, Isabel MR, Deeks SL, Gubbay JB. Rotavirus genotypes circulating in Ontario, Canada, before and after implementation of the rotavirus immunization program. Vaccine 2018. [PMID: 29526372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ontario introduced a universal publicly-funded group A rotavirus (RVA) immunization program in August 2011, using monovalent vaccine. RVA immunization programs have decreased the incidence of RVA acute gastroenteritis in many countries but it is unclear if it will contribute to the emergence of certain genotypes. We monitored RVA trends and genotypes in Ontario before and after implementation of the publicly-funded immunization program. METHODS RVA detection was conducted at Public Health Ontario Laboratories from January 2009 to December 2011 (pre-program period) and January 2012 to October 2015 (publicly-funded RVA immunization program period) and number of RVA-positive specimens and percent positivity were analysed. A convenience sample of RVA-positive stool specimens, from September 2010 to December 2011 (pre-program period) and January 2012 to June 2013 (program period), were genotyped using heminested PCR. A literature review on the burden of illness from emergent genotype was performed. RESULTS Stool specimens showed a significant decrease in RVA percent positivity from the 36 month pre-program period (14.4%; 1537/10700) to the 46 month program period (6.1%; 548/9019). An increase in the proportion of RVA G10 among genotyped specimens, associated with five different P genotypes, from the pre-program (6.3%; 13/205) to the program (31.5%; 40/127) period was observed. Our literature review identified approximately 200 G10-positive human stool specimens from 16 different countries. CONCLUSIONS This study documented a decrease in the number of RVA-positive specimens and percent positivity after implementation of the immunization program. An unexpected increase in the proportion of RVA G10 was detected following program introduction. Ongoing RVA surveillance is important in evaluating both the long-term impact of immunization and emergence of RVA genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Isabel
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc R Isabel
- Département de géomatique, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Shelley L Deeks
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Jiang X, Liu Y, Tan M. Histo-blood group antigens as receptors for rotavirus, new understanding on rotavirus epidemiology and vaccine strategy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e22. [PMID: 28400594 PMCID: PMC5457676 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of the two rotavirus (RV) vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) in many countries endorses a live attenuated vaccine approach against RVs. However, the lower efficacies of both vaccines in many low- and middle-income countries indicate a need to improve the current RV vaccines. The recent discovery that RVs recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as potential receptors has significantly advanced our understanding of RV diversity, evolution and epidemiology, providing important new insights into the performances of current RV vaccines in different populations and emphasizing a P-type-based vaccine approach. New understanding of RV diversity and evolution also raises a fundamental question about the ‘Jennerian' approach, which needs to be addressed for future development of live attenuated RV vaccines. Alternative approaches to develop safer and more cost-effective subunit vaccines against RVs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Reuter G, Pankovics P, Boros Á. Saliviruses-the first knowledge about a newly discovered human picornavirus. Rev Med Virol 2016; 27. [PMID: 27641729 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The salivirus, first discovered in the year 2009, is a member of the large and growing family Picornaviridae. At present, the genus Salivirus contains 1 species Salivirus A and 2 genotypes, Salivirus A1 and Salivirus A2. Salivirus has been identified in humans and chimpanzees and may cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, having been detected in 0% to 8.7% of fecal samples collected from gastroenteritis in different human populations. Salivirus is ubiquitous in wastewater of human origin and river water specimens worldwide and represents a potential indicator human RNA virus for monitoring of environmental samples. This review summarizes the current knowledge on saliviruses including discovery, taxonomy, genome structure, and genetic diversity; covers all aspects of infection including epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, clinical feature, host species, environmental characteristics, and laboratory diagnosis; and gives a summary of possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Reuter
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Boros
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Lasure N, Gopalkrishna V. Clinico-epidemiology and genetic diversity of Salivirus in acute gastroenteritis cases from Pune, Western India: 2007-2011. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:425-430. [PMID: 27491456 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is a leading cause of mortality in children from developing countries. Recently, Salivirus has been frequently detected in acute gastroenteritis patients, suggesting its possible aetiological role. Conflicting reports available on disease association of Salivirus have made it difficult to ascertain their causative role. The overall epidemiology and clinical features of Salivirus infections are poorly understood. The present five year study was undertaken to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of Salivirus in acute gastroenteritis cases from Pune, Western India and to determine the clinico-epidemiological features of Salivirus infections. A total of 985 faecal samples (778 acute gastroenteritis and 207 asymptomatic controls), collected from three local hospitals (Jan2007-Dec2011) were examined for the presence of Salivirus by RT-PCR. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR amplification of the 3D and VP regions. Frequency of Salivirus detection in cases (2.6%) and controls (1.93%) was not significantly different (p = 0.57). Co-infection with other enteric viruses was seen in 50% of the cases. Comparison of clinical features between Salivirus mono and mixed infections revealed that Salivirus alone did not exacerbate gastroenteritis. The frequency of diarrhoea and overall clinical severity of mixed infections was significantly greater than mono infections (p = 0.02). Based on clinical findings, our study suggests that Salivirus does not cause severe gastroenteritis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that study strains belonged to Salivirus A1 and formed 2 distinct clusters which shared nucleotide identities of 94.1-96.2% and 88.9-93.8% between themselves in 3D and VP regions, respectively. Interestingly, the more divergent Cluster2 strains shared a low nucleotide identity with the closest reference strain in both regions (~95% in 3D and ~92% in VP) suggesting that they could represent a variant type of Salivirus A1. The genetic diversity in strains detected from study region, emphasizes the need for Salivirus surveillance from other regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lasure
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A. Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - V Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A. Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India.
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Salivirus type 1 and type 2 in patients with acute gastroenteritis, Germany. J Clin Virol 2015; 72:16-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ianiro G, Ruggeri FM, Fiore L, Delogu R. Genomic characterization and molecular investigation of VP7 epitopes of uncommon G10P[8] group A rotavirus strains detected in Italy in 2009. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1801-10. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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