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Chatterjee T, Guha D, Dhar J, Saha T, Paul D, Sa G, Chakrabarti P. Adenosine dialdehyde, a methyltransferase inhibitor, induces colorectal cancer cells apoptosis by regulating PIMT:p53 interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149134. [PMID: 37871521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is important in controlling many biological processes by changing the structure and function of a protein. Protein methylation is an important PTM, and the role of methyltransferases has been implicated in numerous cellular functions. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is ubiquitously expressed in almost all organisms and govern important cellular processes including apoptosis. Among other functions, PIMT has also been identified as a potent oncogene because it destabilizes the structure of the tumor suppressor p53 via methylation at the transactivation domain. In the present study we identified that out of the three methyltransferase inhibitors tested, namely, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (AdoHcy), adenosine and adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx), only AdOx augments p53 expression by destabilizing PIMT structure, as evident from far-UV CD. The effect of the inhibitors, AdOx in particular, to the structure of PIMT, and the binding of PIMT to the p53 transactivation domain have been investigated by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. AdOx significantly increases p53 accumulation and nuclear translocation in colon cancer cells, triggering the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying p53 accumulation in colon cancer cells, we observed that the level of PIMT is considerably lower in AdOx-treated cells, reducing its association with p53, which stabilized p53. p53 then transactivated BAX, increasing the BAX: BCL-2 ratio and causing colon cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Deblina Guha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Jesmita Dhar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Taniya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Debamita Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Pinak Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
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Huang Y, Wang S, Ding X, Wu C, Chen J, Hu Z, Du X, Wang G. Inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase alleviates alloimmune response by down-regulating CD4 + T-cell activation in a mouse heart transplantation model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1582. [PMID: 33437781 PMCID: PMC7791210 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Transmethylation reactions play an important role on lymphocyte activation and function. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitors prevent the feedback of transmethylation reactions by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) accumulation, a competitive antagonist of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases. However, the role of SAH in solid organ transplantation is currently unclear. Methods A murine model of cardiac transplantation (BALB/C to C57B/6) was established to assess allograft survival, histology, and T cell infiltration. The reversible SAHH inhibitor, DZ2002, and irreversible SAHH inhibitor, adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx), were used to assess their immunosuppressive effects in murine cardiac transplantation, compared with mice with DMSO. Results Both SAHH inhibitors prolonged the survival of cardiac allografts and alleviated alloimmune response. Notably, AdOx and DZ2002 both eliminated frequencies of Th1 and Th17 in CD4+ T cells in cardiac transplantation, and reduced the frequency of active CD4+ T cell (CD44+ CD62L−). The irreversible SAHH inhibitor facilitated the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased Bim expression. Furthermore, both SAHH inhibitors alleviated infiltration of CD4+ T cells in cardiac allografts. Conclusions The SAHH inhibitors (AdOx and DZ2002) alleviates allograft rejection in cardiac transplantation by inhibition of CD4+ T alloimmune response. SAHH inhibitors, especially DZ2002, is a promising complementary therapeutic agent in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sufei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangchao Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hubei Provincial People's Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuangyan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Raposo AE, Piller SC. Protein arginine methylation: an emerging regulator of the cell cycle. Cell Div 2018; 13:3. [PMID: 29568320 PMCID: PMC5859524 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification where a methyl group is added onto arginine residues of a protein to alter detection by its binding partners or regulate its activity. It is known to be involved in many biological processes, such as regulation of signal transduction, transcription, facilitation of protein–protein interactions, RNA splicing and transport. The enzymes responsible for arginine methylation, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to methylate or associate with important regulatory proteins of the cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathways, such as cyclin D1, p53, p21 and the retinoblastoma protein. Overexpression of PRMTs resulting in aberrant methylation patterns in cancers often correlates with poor recovery prognosis. This indicates that protein arginine methylation is also an important regulator of the cell cycle, and consequently a target for cancer regulation. The effect of protein arginine methylation on the cell cycle and how this emerging key player of cell cycle regulation may be used in therapeutic strategies for cancer are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita E Raposo
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Sabine C Piller
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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Downregulation of histone methyltransferase EHMT2 in CD4 + T-cells may protect HTLV-1-infected individuals against HAM/TSP development. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3131-3136. [PMID: 28608127 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5% of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals will develop one of the HTLV-1-related diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) or adult T-cell leukemia. However, the mechanisms responsible for the appearance of symptoms have not been fully clarified. It is believed that viral factors, host genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in this process. Studies have shown the involvement of histone methyltransferases in retrovirus infection, but no study observed their expression in HTLV-1-infected patients. Among them, euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (EHMT)-1 and EHMT-2 were related to retroviral latency in HIV-1 infection. We investigated whether histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 exert any influence on HAM/TSP development by assessing their expression levels in CD4+ T-cells from HTLV-1-infected patients. CD4+ T-cells were immunomagnetically isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HTLV-1-infected or non-infected individuals and the expression levels of EHMT1 and EHMT2 were determined by RT-qPCR. We observed that EHMT2 was negatively regulated in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers compared to non-infected individuals. No difference was observed for EHMT1. These results suggest that EHMT2 downregulation in CD4+ T-cells may be linked to a protection mechanism against the development of HAM/TSP.
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Henrich FC, Singer K, Poller K, Bernhardt L, Strobl CD, Limm K, Ritter AP, Gottfried E, Völkl S, Jacobs B, Peter K, Mougiakakos D, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Bosserhoff AK, Kreutz MP, Aigner M, Mackensen A. Suppressive effects of tumor cell-derived 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine on human T cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1184802. [PMID: 27622058 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1184802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles for immunotherapy of cancer. The tumor milieu is among others shaped by tumor metabolites such as 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA). Increased intratumoral MTA levels result from a lack of the MTA-catabolizing enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) in tumor cells and are found in various tumor entities. Here, we demonstrate that MTA suppresses proliferation, activation, differentiation, and effector function of antigen-specific T cells without eliciting cell death. Conversely, if MTA is added to highly activated T cells, MTA exerts cytotoxic effects on T cells. We identified the Akt pathway, a critical signal pathway for T cell activation, as a target of MTA, while, for example, p38 remained unaffected. Next, we provide evidence that MTA exerts its immunosuppressive effects by interfering with protein methylation in T cells. To confirm the relevance of the suppressive effects of exogenously added MTA on human T cells, we used an MTAP-deficient tumor cell-line that was stably transfected with the MTAP-coding sequence. We observed that T cells stimulated with MTAP-transfected tumor cells revealed a higher proliferative capacity compared to T cells stimulated with Mock-transfected cells. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel immune evasion strategy of human tumor cells that could be of interest for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik C Henrich
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Poller
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luise Bernhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin D Strobl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Limm
- Institute of Biochemistry - Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel P Ritter
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Gottfried
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway; The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry - Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina P Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
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Adesina SK, Holly A, Kramer-Marek G, Capala J, Akala EO. Polylactide-based paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles fabricated by dispersion polymerization: characterization, evaluation in cancer cell lines, and preliminary biodistribution studies. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2546-55. [PMID: 24961596 PMCID: PMC4672948 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The macromonomer method was used to prepare cross-linked, paclitaxel-loaded polylactide (PLA)-polyethylene glycol (stealth) nanoparticles using free-radical dispersion polymerization. The method can facilitate the attachment of other molecules to the nanoparticle surface to make it multifunctional. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm the synthesis of PLA macromonomer and cross-linking agent. The formation of stealth nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The drug release isotherm of paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles shows that the encapsulated drug is released over 7 days. In vitro cytotoxicity assay in selected breast and ovarian cancer cell lines reveal that the blank nanoparticle is biocompatible compared with medium-only treated controls. In addition, the paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles exhibit similar cytotoxicity compared with paclitaxel in solution. Confocal microscopy reveals that the nanoparticles are internalized by MCF-7 breast cancer cells within 1 h. Preliminary biodistribution studies also show nanoparticle accumulation in tumor xenograft model. The nanoparticles are suitable for the controlled delivery of bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon K. Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alesia Holly
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacek Capala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmanuel O. Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
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Adenosine dialdehyde suppresses MMP-9-mediated invasion of cancer cells by blocking the Ras/Raf-1/ERK/AP-1 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1285-300. [PMID: 23994169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx) inhibits transmethylation by the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a negative feedback inhibitor of methylation, through the suppression of SAH hydrolase (SAHH). In this study, we aimed to determine the regulatory effect of AdOx on cancer invasion by using three different cell lines: MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and U87. The invasive capacity of these cells in the presence (MCF-7) or absence (MDA-MB-231 and U87) of phorbal 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was strongly decreased by AdOx treatment. Furthermore, the expression, secretion, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, a critical enzyme regulating cell invasion, in these cells were diminished by AdOx treatment. AdOx strongly suppressed AP-1-mediated luciferase activity and, in parallel, reduced the translocation of c-Fos and c-Jun into the nucleus. AdOx was shown to block a series of upstream AP-1 activation signaling complexes composed of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein ERK kinase (MEK)1/2, Raf-1, and Ras, as assessed by measuring the levels of the phosphorylated and membrane-translocated forms. Furthermore, we found that suppression of SAHH by siRNA and 3-deazaadenosine, knock down of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT), and treatment with SAH showed inhibitory patterns similar to those of AdOx. Therefore, our data suggest that AdOx is capable of targeting the methylation reaction regulated by SAHH and ICMT and subsequently downregulating MMP-9 expression and decreasing invasion of cancer cells through inhibition of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK/AP-1 pathway.
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Kim JH, Lee YG, Yoo S, Oh J, Jeong D, Song WK, Yoo BC, Rhee MH, Park J, Cha SH, Hong S, Cho JY. Involvement of Src and the actin cytoskeleton in the antitumorigenic action of adenosine dialdehyde. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1042-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Leonard S, Gordon N, Smith N, Rowe M, Murray PG, Woodman CB. Arginine Methyltransferases Are Regulated by Epstein-Barr Virus in B Cells and Are Differentially Expressed in Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Pathogens 2012; 1:52-64. [PMID: 25436604 PMCID: PMC4235682 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens1010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is increasing evidence that aberrant expression of those enzymes which control protein arginine methylation contribute to carcinogenesis, their de-regulation by oncogenic viruses in primary cells has yet to be reported. We first show that the protein arginine methyltransferases, CARM1, PRMT1 and PRMT5 are strongly expressed in Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, and up-regulated in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cell lines. Given that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be detected in approximately 50% of primary HL, we next examined how EBV infection of germinal centre (GC) B cells, the presumptive precursors of HRS cells, modulated the expression of these proteins. EBV infection of GC B cells was followed by the up-regulation of CARM1, PRMT1 and PRMT5, and by the down-regulation of the arginine deiminase, PADI4. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), the major EBV transforming gene was shown to induce PRMT1 in GC B cells and in a stably transfected B cell line. The recent development of compounds which inhibit PRMT-mediated reactions provides a compelling case for continuing to dissect the contribution of virus induced changes in these proteins to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Leonard
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Naheema Gordon
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Nikki Smith
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Martin Rowe
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Paul G Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ciarán B Woodman
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Edwards DC, McKinnon KM, Fenizia C, Jung KJ, Brady JN, Pise-Masison CA. Inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase-I decreases cell viability of HTLV-1-transformed cells. Viruses 2011; 3:1815-35. [PMID: 22069517 PMCID: PMC3205383 DOI: 10.3390/v3101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive and highly chemoresistant malignancy. Rho family GTPases regulate multiple signaling pathways in tumorigenesis: cytoskeletal organization, transcription, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation. Geranylgeranylation of Rho family GTPases is essential for cell membrane localization and activation of these proteins. It is currently unknown whether HTLV-1-transformed cells are preferentially sensitive to geranylgeranylation inhibitors, such as GGTI-298. In this report, we demonstrate that GGTI-298 decreased cell viability and induced G2/M phase accumulation of HTLV-1-transformed cells, independent of p53 reactivation. HTLV-1-LTR transcriptional activity was inhibited and Tax protein levels decreased following treatment with GGTI-298. Furthermore, GGTI-298 decreased activation of NF-κB, a downstream target of Rho family GTPases. These studies suggest that protein geranylgeranylation contributes to dysregulation of cell survival pathways in HTLV-1-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C. Edwards
- Virus Tumor Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (D.C.E.); (K.-J.J.)
| | - Katherine M. McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (K.M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Kyung-Jin Jung
- Virus Tumor Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (D.C.E.); (K.-J.J.)
| | - John N. Brady
- Virus Tumor Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (D.C.E.); (K.-J.J.)
| | - Cynthia A. Pise-Masison
- Virus Tumor Biology Section, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-Mails: (D.C.E.); (K.-J.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-301-435-2499; Fax: +1-301-496-4951
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Park JA, Kim AJ, Kang Y, Jung YJ, Kim HK, Kim KC. Deacetylation and methylation at histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) coordinate chromosome condensation during cell cycle progression. Mol Cells 2011; 31:343-9. [PMID: 21359677 PMCID: PMC3933963 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interphasic chromatin condenses into the chromosomes in order to facilitate the correct segregation of genetic information. It has been previously reported that the phosphorylation and methylation of the N-terminal tail of histone H3 are responsible for chromosome condensation. In this study, we demonstrate that the deacetylation and methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) are required for proper chromosome condensation. We confirmed that H3K9ac levels were reduced, whereas H3K9me3 levels were increased in mitotic cells, via immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Nocodazole treatment induced G2/M arrest but co-treatment with TSA, an HDAC inhibitor, delayed cell cycle progression. However, the HMTase inhibitor, AdoX, had no effect on nocodazole-induced G2/M arrest, thereby indicating that sequential modifications of H3K9 are required for proper chromosome condensation. The expression of SUV39H1 and SETDB1, H3K9me3-responsible HMTases, are specifically increased along with H3K9me3 in nocodazole-arrested buoyant cells, which suggests that the increased expression of those proteins is an important step in chromosome condensation. H3K9me3 was highly concentrated in the vertical chromosomal axis during prophase and prometaphase. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that sequential modifications at H3K9 are associated with correct chromosome condensation, and that H3K9me3 may be relevant to the condensation of chromosome length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Park
- Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Ae-Jin Kim
- Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Yoonsung Kang
- DNA Repair Research Center and Department of Bio-Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Gupta SC, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB. Inhibiting NF-κB activation by small molecules as a therapeutic strategy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:775-87. [PMID: 20493977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitously expressed proinflammatory transcription factor that regulates the expression of over 500 genes involved in cellular transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation, the NF-κB signaling pathway has become a potential target for pharmacological intervention. A wide variety of agents can activate NF-κB through canonical and noncanonical pathways. Canonical pathway involves various steps including the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα), which leads to the nuclear translocation of the p50-p65 subunits of NF-κB followed by p65 phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation, DNA binding, and gene transcription. Thus, agents that can inhibit protein kinases, protein phosphatases, proteasomes, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, and DNA binding steps have been identified as NF-κB inhibitors. Because of the critical role of NF-κB in cancer and various chronic diseases, numerous inhibitors of NF-κB have been identified. In this review, however, we describe only small molecules that suppress NF-κB activation, and the mechanism by which they block this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hasegawa H, Yamada Y, Iha H, Tsukasaki K, Nagai K, Atogami S, Sugahara K, Tsuruda K, Ishizaki A, Kamihira S. Activation of p53 by Nutlin-3a, an antagonist of MDM2, induces apoptosis and cellular senescence in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Leukemia 2009; 23:2090-101. [PMID: 19710698 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the induction of cellular senescence through p53 activation is an effective strategy in tumor regression. Unfortunately, however, tumors including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) have disadvantages such as p53 mutations and a lack of p16(INK4a) and/or p14(ARF). In this study we characterized Nutlin-3a-induced cell death in 16 leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. Eight cell lines, including six ATL-related cell lines, had wild-type p53 and Nutlin-3a-activated p53, and the cell lines underwent apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest, whereas eight cell lines with mutated p53 were resistant. Interestingly, senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) staining revealed that only ATL-related cell lines with wild-type p53 showed cellular senescence, although they lack both p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF). These results indicate that cellular senescence is an important event in p53-dependent cell death in ATL cells and is inducible without p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF). Furthermore, knockdown of Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), a novel target gene of p53, by small interfering RNA(siRNA) indicated its important role in the induction of cellular senescence. As many patients with ATL carry wild-type p53, our study suggests that p53 activation by Nutlin-3a is a promising strategy in ATL. We also found synergism with a combination of Nutlin-3a and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), suggesting the application of Nutlin-3a-based therapy to be broader than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Huq MDM, Ha SG, Barcelona H, Wei LN. Lysine methylation of nuclear co-repressor receptor interacting protein 140. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1156-67. [PMID: 19216533 DOI: 10.1021/pr800569c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) undergoes extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, arginine methylation, and pyridoxylation. PTMs affect its subcellular distribution, protein-protein interaction, and biological activity in adipocyte differentiation. Arginine methylation on Arg(240), Arg(650), and Arg(948) suppresses the repressive activity of RIP140. Here, we find that endogenous RIP140 in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells is also modified by lysine methylation. Three lysine residues, Lys(591), Lys(653), and Lys(757), are mapped as potential methylation sites by mass spectrometry. Site-directed mutagenesis study shows that lysine methylation enhances its gene repressive activity. Mutation of lysine methylation sites enhances arginine methylation, while mutation on arginine methylation sites has little effect on its lysine methylation, suggesting a relationship between lysine methylation and arginine methylation. Kinetic analysis of PTMs of endogenous RIP140 in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells demonstrates sequential modifications on RIP140, initiated from constitutive lysine methylation, followed by increased arginine methylation later in differentiation. This study reveals a potential hierarchy of modifications, at least for lysine and arginine methylation, which bidirectionally regulate the functionality of a nonhistone protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Mostaqul Huq
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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15
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Dey A, Tergaonkar V, Lane DP. Double-edged swords as cancer therapeutics: simultaneously targeting p53 and NF-kappaB pathways. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:1031-40. [PMID: 19043452 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The p53 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathways play crucial roles in human cancer, in which inactivation of p53 and hyperactivation of NF-kappaB is a common occurrence. Activation of p53 and inhibition of NF-kappaB promotes apoptosis. Although drugs are being designed to selectively activate p53 or inhibit NF-kappaB, there is no concerted effort yet to deliberately make drugs that can simultaneously do both. Recent results suggest that a surprising selection of small molecules have this desirable dual activity. In this Review we describe the principles behind such dual activities, describe the current candidate molecules and suggest mechanisms and approaches to their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Dey
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Control, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore
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Taylor JM, Nicot C. HTLV-1 and apoptosis: role in cellular transformation and recent advances in therapeutic approaches. Apoptosis 2008; 13:733-47. [PMID: 18421579 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A universal cellular defense mechanism against viral invasion is the elimination of infected cells through apoptotic cell death. To counteract host defenses many viruses have evolved complex apoptosis evasion strategies. The oncogenic human retrovirus HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of adult-T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The poor prognosis in HTLV-1-induced ATLL is linked to the resistance of neoplastic T cells against conventional therapies and the immuno-compromised state of patients. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that the apoptotic pathway is largely intact and can be reactivated in ATLL tumor cells to induce specific killing. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by HTLV-1 to counteract cellular death pathways remains an important challenge for future therapies and the treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3025 Wahl Hall West, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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