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Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Sun C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C. Functional characterization of porcine nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene in promoting the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus and induction of inflammatory cytokines. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 148:104902. [PMID: 37536401 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional nucleolar protein that plays a role in cell cycle control, tumorigenesis, induction of the inflammatory cytokine, virus replication, as well as the cellular responses to a variety of stress stimuli. However, its physiological functions in pigs have not been well understood. Here, we cloned the porcine NPM1 (porNPM1) gene and analyzed the functions of the porNPM1 protein in pigs. The full-length porNPM1 gene encoded a 294-amino acid protein with 94.5%-99.3% sequence identity to its orthologues in mammals and was extensively expressed in various pig tissues at the mRNA level. The porNPM1 primarily localizes in the nucleus of ST cells, while it translocates from the nucleus to nucleoplasm upon UV irradiation or H2O2 treatment. Notably, JEV infection blocked the translocation of porNPM1 from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Furthermore, porNPM1 interacted with the JEV C protein and facilitated JEV replication in ST cells. The overexpression and knockdown of porNPM1 respectively enhanced or impaired JEV replication, suggesting the important role of porNPM1 in JEV replication. Additionally, the purified ectodomain of porNPM1 induced the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8). Together, these data demonstrated that porNPM1 is involved in cellular stress stimuli, JEV replication, and induction of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuwen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Steiner A, Favre S, Mack M, Hausharter A, Pillet B, Hafner J, Mitterer V, Kressler D, Pertschy B, Zierler I. Dissecting the Nuclear Import of the Ribosomal Protein Rps2 (uS5). Biomolecules 2023; 13:1127. [PMID: 37509163 PMCID: PMC10377357 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is assembled in a complex process mainly taking place in the nucleus. Consequently, newly synthesized ribosomal proteins have to travel from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where they are incorporated into nascent ribosomal subunits. In this study, we set out to investigate the mechanism mediating nuclear import of the small subunit ribosomal protein Rps2. We demonstrate that an internal region in Rps2, ranging from amino acids 76 to 145, is sufficient to target a 3xyEGFP reporter to the nucleus. The importin-β Pse1 interacts with this Rps2 region and is involved in its import, with Rps2 residues arginine 95, arginine 97, and lysine 99 being important determinants for both Pse1 binding and nuclear localization. Moreover, our data reveal a second import mechanism involving the N-terminal region of Rps2, which depends on the presence of basic residues within amino acids 10 to 28. This Rps2 segment overlaps with the binding site of the dedicated chaperone Tsr4; however, the nuclear import of Rps2 via the internal as well as the N-terminal nuclear-targeting element does not depend on Tsr4. Taken together, our study has unveiled hitherto undescribed nuclear import signals, showcasing the versatility of the mechanisms coordinating the nuclear import of ribosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steiner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sébastien Favre
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (S.F.); (B.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Maximilian Mack
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Annika Hausharter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Benjamin Pillet
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (S.F.); (B.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Jutta Hafner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentin Mitterer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (S.F.); (B.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Brigitte Pertschy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Zierler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Nie Y, Fu G, Leng Y. Nuclear Delivery of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems by Nuclear Localization Signals. Cells 2023; 12:1637. [PMID: 37371107 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine 2.0 refers to the next generation of nanotechnology-based medical therapies and diagnostic tools. This field focuses on the development of more sophisticated and precise nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and sensing. It has been established that the nuclear delivery of NP-loaded drugs can increase their therapeutic efficacy. To effectively direct the NPs to the nucleus, the attachment of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) to NPs has been employed in many applications. In this review, we will provide an overview of the structure of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and the classic nuclear import mechanism. Additionally, we will explore various nanoparticles, including their synthesis, functionalization, drug loading and release mechanisms, nuclear targeting strategies, and potential applications. Finally, we will highlight the challenges associated with developing nucleus-targeted nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) and provide insights into the future of NDDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Nie
- Innovation and Integration Center of New Laser Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Innovation and Integration Center of New Laser Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Liu BR, Chen CW, Huang YW, Lee HJ. Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Use in Development of Transgenic Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083367. [PMID: 37110602 PMCID: PMC10142301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified plants and crops can contribute to remarkable increase in global food supply, with improved yield and resistance to plant diseases or insect pests. The development of biotechnology introducing exogenous nucleic acids in transgenic plants is important for plant health management. Different genetic engineering methods for DNA delivery, such as biolistic methods, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and other physicochemical methods have been developed to improve translocation across the plasma membrane and cell wall in plants. Recently, the peptide-based gene delivery system, mediated by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), has been regarded as a promising non-viral tool for efficient and stable gene transfection into both animal and plant cells. CPPs are short peptides with diverse sequences and functionalities, capable of agitating plasma membrane and entering cells. Here, we highlight recent research and ideas on diverse types of CPPs, which have been applied in DNA delivery in plants. Various basic, amphipathic, cyclic, and branched CPPs were designed, and modifications of functional groups were performed to enhance DNA interaction and stabilization in transgenesis. CPPs were able to carry cargoes in either a covalent or noncovalent manner and to internalize CPP/cargo complexes into cells by either direct membrane translocation or endocytosis. Importantly, subcellular targets of CPP-mediated nucleic acid delivery were reviewed. CPPs offer transfection strategies and influence transgene expression at subcellular localizations, such as in plastids, mitochondria, and the nucleus. In summary, the technology of CPP-mediated gene delivery provides a potent and useful tool to genetically modified plants and crops of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Revon Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, College of Environmental Studies and Oceanography, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
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Valyaeva AA, Tikhomirova MA, Potashnikova DM, Bogomazova AN, Snigiryova GP, Penin AA, Logacheva MD, Arifulin EA, Shmakova AA, Germini D, Kachalova AI, Saidova AA, Zharikova AA, Musinova YR, Mironov AA, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. Ectopic expression of HIV-1 Tat modifies gene expression in cultured B cells: implications for the development of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1-infected patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13986. [PMID: 36275462 PMCID: PMC9586123 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased frequency of B-cell lymphomas is observed in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, although HIV-1 does not infect B cells. Development of B-cell lymphomas may be potentially due to the action of the HIV-1 Tat protein, which is actively released from HIV-1-infected cells, on uninfected B cells. The exact mechanism of Tat-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis has not yet been precisely identified. Here, we ectopically expressed either Tat or its TatC22G mutant devoid of transactivation activity in the RPMI 8866 lymphoblastoid B cell line and performed a genome-wide analysis of host gene expression. Stable expression of both Tat and TatC22G led to substantial modifications of the host transcriptome, including pronounced changes in antiviral response and cell cycle pathways. We did not find any strong action of Tat on cell proliferation, but during prolonged culturing, Tat-expressing cells were displaced by non-expressing cells, indicating that Tat expression slightly inhibited cell growth. We also found an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in cells expressing Tat. Thus, Tat can modify gene expression in cultured B cells, leading to subtle modifications in cellular growth and chromosome instability, which could promote lymphomagenesis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Valyaeva
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Tikhomirova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M. Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Bogomazova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria D. Logacheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Shmakova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia,UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Anastasia I. Kachalova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleena A. Saidova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Zharikova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana R. Musinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mironov
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S. Vassetzky
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia,UMR9018 (CNRS – Institut Gustave Roussy – Université Paris Saclay), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Villejuif, France, France
| | - Eugene V. Sheval
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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