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Mohanty S, Suklabaidya S, Lavorgna A, Ueno T, Fujisawa JI, Ngouth N, Jacobson S, Harhaj EW. The tyrosine kinase KDR is essential for the survival of HTLV-1-infected T cells by stabilizing the Tax oncoprotein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5380. [PMID: 38918393 PMCID: PMC11199648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is linked to the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neuroinflammatory disease, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein regulates viral gene expression and persistently activates NF-κB to maintain the viability of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Here, we utilize a kinome-wide shRNA screen to identify the tyrosine kinase KDR as an essential survival factor of HTLV-1-transformed cells. Inhibition of KDR specifically induces apoptosis of Tax expressing HTLV-1-transformed cell lines and CD4 + T cells from HAM/TSP patients. Furthermore, inhibition of KDR triggers the autophagic degradation of Tax resulting in impaired NF-κB activation and diminished viral transmission in co-culture assays. Tax induces the expression of KDR, forms a complex with KDR, and is phosphorylated by KDR. These findings suggest that Tax stability is dependent on KDR activity which could be exploited as a strategy to target Tax in HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alfonso Lavorgna
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Millipore-Sigma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Takaharu Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Nyater Ngouth
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward W Harhaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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2
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Su R, Kang X, Niu Y, Zhao T, Wang H. PCBP1 interacts with the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein to potentiate NF-κB activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375168. [PMID: 38690287 PMCID: PMC11058652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The HTLV-1 Tax constitutively activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to promote the survival and transformation of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Despite extensive study of Tax, how Tax interacts with host factors to regulate NF-κB activation and HTLV-1-driven cell proliferation is not entirely clear. Here, we showed that overexpression of Poly (rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) promoted Tax-mediated IκB kinase (IKK)-NF-κB signaling activation, whereas knockdown of PCBP1 attenuated Tax-dependent IKK-NF-κB activation. However, Tax activation of HTLV-1 long terminal repeat was unaffected by PCBP1. Furthermore, depletion of PCBP1 led to apoptosis and reduced proliferation of HTLV-1-transformed cells. Mechanistically, PCBP1 interacted and co-localized with Tax in the cytoplasm, and PCBP1 KH3 domain was indispensable for the interaction between PCBP1 and Tax. Moreover, PCBP1 facilitated the assembly of Tax/IKK complex. Collectively, our results demonstrated that PCBP1 may exert an essential effect in Tax/IKK complex combination and subsequent NF-κB activation, which provides a novel insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xue Kang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yifan Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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3
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Wang B, Zhang L, Deng F, Hu Z, Wang M, Liu J. Hsp90 β is critical for the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Virol Sin 2024; 39:113-122. [PMID: 38008382 PMCID: PMC10877427 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) is an emerging disease in East Asia with a fatality rate of up to 30%. However, the viral-host interaction of SFTSV remains largely unknown. The heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) family consists of highly conserved chaperones that fold and remodel proteins and has a broad impact on the infection of many viruses. Here, we showed that Hsp90 is an important host factor involved in SFTSV infection. Hsp90 inhibitors significantly reduced SFTSV replication, viral protein expression, and the formation of inclusion bodies consisting of nonstructural proteins (NSs). Among viral proteins, NSs appeared to be the most reduced when Hsp90 inhibitors were used, and further analysis showed that their translation was affected. Co-immunoprecipitation of NSs with four isomers of Hsp90 showed that Hsp90 β specifically interacted with them. Knockdown of Hsp90 β expression also inhibited replication of SFTSV. These results suggest that Hsp90 β plays a critical role during SFTSV infection and could be a potential target for the development of drugs against SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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4
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Chen ZK, Lin S, Wu YX, Zhao ZM, Zhou XM, Sadiq S, Zhang ZD, Guo XJ, Wu P. Hsp90 could promote BmNPV proliferation by interacting with Actin-4 and enhance its expression. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104667. [PMID: 36773793 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a highly infectious pathogen, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) has a high lethality rate in silkworm. Our previous study have confirmed that Hsp90 plays a positive role in BmNPV proliferation and Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA) can decrease the replication of BmNPV in vitro. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, first, we found that GA could inhibit the proliferation of BmNPV in a dose-dependent manner and delay the pathogenesis of BmNPV in vivo possibly by altering the transcript level of genes associated with cell apoptosis and immune pathways. Furthermore, by immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified a series of proteins potentially interacting with Hsp90 including two BmNPV encoded proteins. Subsequently, by Co-IP we confirmed the interaction between BmActin-4 and BmHsp90. Knocking down Bmhsp90 by small interfering RNA inhibited the protein expression level of BmActin-4. Over-expression of Bmactin-4 promoted the replication of BmNPV whereas knockdown of Bmactin-4 suppressed BmNPV replication. In addition, decrease of the transcript level of Bmhsp90 in Bmactin-4 knocking down BmN cells was also detected. Taken together, BmHsp90 can interact with BmActin-4 and promote its expression, thereby promoting BmNPV proliferation. Our findings may enrich the molecular mechanism of Hsp90 for promoting virus proliferation and provide new clues to elucidate the interact mechanism between silkworm and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Su Lin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Zhi-Meng Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Samreen Sadiq
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Xi-Jie Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China.
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5
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Goswami R, Russell VS, Tu JJ, Thomas C, Hughes P, Kelly F, Langel SN, Steppe J, Palmer SM, Haystead T, Blasi M, Permar SR. Oral Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-5422 attenuates SARS-CoV-2 replication and dampens inflammation in airway cells. iScience 2021; 24:103412. [PMID: 34786537 PMCID: PMC8579697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics are targeted toward moderately to severely ill patients and require intravenous infusions, with limited options for exposed or infected patients with no or mild symptoms. Although vaccines have demonstrated protective efficacy, vaccine hesitancy and logistical distribution challenges will delay their ability to end the pandemic. Hence, there is a need for rapidly translatable, easy-to-administer-therapeutics that can prevent SARS-CoV-2 disease progression, when administered in the early stages of infection. We demonstrate that an orally bioavailable Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX-5422, currently in clinical trials as an anti-cancer therapeutic, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro at a high selectivity index. SNX-5422 treatment of human primary airway epithelial cells dampened expression of inflammatory pathways previously associated with poor SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes. In addition, SNX-5422 interrupted expression of host factors demonstrated to be crucial for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Development of SNX-5422 as SARS-CoV-2-early-therapy will dampen disease severity, resulting in better clinical outcomes and reduced hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Goswami
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Veronica S. Russell
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua J. Tu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charlene Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10065, USA
| | - Philip Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Francine Kelly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Langel
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin Steppe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Scott M. Palmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Feedback Loop Regulation Between Pim Kinases and Tax Keeps HTLV-I Viral Replication in Check. J Virol 2021; 96:e0196021. [PMID: 34818069 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01960-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pim family of serine/threonine kinases promote tumorigenesis by enhancing cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis. Three isoforms exist, Pim-1, -2, and -3 that are highly expressed in hematological cancers, including Pim-1 in Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent of ATL, a dismal lymphoproliferative disease known as adult T-cell leukemia. The HTLV-I virally encoded oncogene Tax promotes CD4+ T-cell transformation through disruption of DNA repair pathways and activation of survival and cellular proliferation pathways. In this study, we found Tax increases the expression of Pim-1 and Pim-3, while decreasing Pim-2 expression. Furthermore, we discovered that Pim-1, -2, and -3 bind Tax protein to reduce its expression thereby creating a feedback regulatory loop between these two oncogenes. The loss of Tax expression triggered by Pim kinases led to loss in Tax-mediated transactivation of the HTLV-I LTR and reductions in HTLV-I virus replication. Since Tax is also the immunodominant cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes (CTL) target, our data suggest that Pim kinases may play an important role in immune escape of HTLV-1-infected cells. IMPORTANCE The Pim family of protein kinases have established pro-oncogenic functions. They are often up regulated in cancer; especially leukemias and lymphomas. In addition, a role for Pim kinases in control of virus expression and viral latency is important for KSHV and HIV-1. Our data demonstrate that HTLV-I encodes viral genes that promote and maintain Pim kinase activation, which in turn may stimulate T-cell transformation and maintain ATL leukemic cell growth. HTLV-I Tax increases expression of Pim-1 and Pim-3, while decreasing expression of Pim-2. In ATL cells, Pim expression is maintained through extended protein half-life and heat shock protection. In addition, we found that Pim kinases have a new role during HTLV-I infection. Pim-1, -2, and -3 can subvert Tax expression and HTLV-I virus production. This may lead to partial suppression of the host immunogenic responses to Tax and favor immune escape of HTLV-1-infected cells. Therefore, Pim kinases have not only pro-oncogenic roles but also favor persistence of the virus-infected cell.
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7
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Ikebe E, Shimosaki S, Hasegawa H, Iha H, Tsukamoto Y, Wang Y, Sasaki D, Imaizumi Y, Miyazaki Y, Yanagihara K, Hamaguchi I, Morishita K. TAS-116 (pimitespib), a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, shows efficacy in preclinical models of adult T-cell leukemia. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:684-696. [PMID: 34794206 PMCID: PMC8819293 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly chemoresistant malignancy of peripheral T lymphocytes caused by human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 infection, for which there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic options. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a crucial role in nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)‐mediated antiapoptosis in ATL cells, and HSP90 inhibitors are new candidate therapeutics for ATL. Accordingly, we investigated the anti‐ATL effects of a novel oral HSP90 inhibitor, TAS‐116 (pimitespib), and the mechanisms involved in ex vivo and in vivo preclinical models. TAS‐116 achieved IC50 values of less than 0.5 μmol/L in 10 ATL‐related cell lines and less than 1 μmol/L in primary peripheral blood cells of nine ATL patients; no toxicity was observed toward CD4+ lymphocytes from healthy donors, indicating the safety of this agent. Given orally, TAS‐116 also showed significant inhibitory effects against tumor cell growth in ATL cell‐xenografted mice. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of TAS‐116‐treated Tax‐positive or ‐negative cell lines and primary ATL cells using DNA microarray and multiple pathway analysis revealed the significant downregulation of the NF‐κB pathway in Tax‐positive cells and cell‐cycle arrest in Tax‐negative cells and primary ATL cells. TAS‐116 suppressed the activator protein‐1 and tumor necrosis factor pathways in all examined cells. These findings strongly indicate the efficacy of TAS‐116, regardless of the stage of ATL progression, and its potential application as a novel clinical anti‐ATL therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ikebe
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.,Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimosaki
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Hsp90 Is Required for Snakehead Vesiculovirus Replication via Stabilization of the Viral L Protein. J Virol 2021; 95:e0059421. [PMID: 34037421 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00594-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV), a kind of fish rhabdovirus isolated from diseased hybrid snakehead fish, has caused great economic losses in snakehead fish culture in China. The large (L) protein, together with its cofactor phosphoprotein (P), forms a P/L polymerase complex and catalyzes the transcription and replication of viral genomic RNA. In this study, the cellular heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was identified as an interacting partner of SHVV L protein. Hsp90 activity was required for the stability of SHVV L because Hsp90 dysfunction caused by using its inhibitor destabilized SHVV L and thereby suppressed SHVV replication via reducing viral RNA synthesis. SHVV L expressed alone was detected mainly in the insoluble fraction, and the insoluble L was degraded by Hsp90 dysfunction through the proteasomal pathway, while the presence of SHVV P promoted the solubility of SHVV L and the soluble L was degraded by Hsp90 dysfunction through the autophagy pathway. Collectively, our data suggest that Hsp90 contributes to the maturation of SHVV L and ensures the effective replication of SHVV, which exhibits an important anti-SHVV target. This study will help us to understand the role of Hsp90 in stabilizing the L protein and regulating the replication of negative-stranded RNA viruses. IMPORTANCE It has long been proposed that cellular proteins are involved in viral RNA synthesis via interacting with the viral polymerase protein. This study focused on identifying cellular proteins interacting with the SHVV L protein, studying the effects of their interactions on SHVV replication, and revealing the underlying mechanisms. We identified Hsp90 as an interacting partner of SHVV L and found that Hsp90 activity was required for SHVV replication. Hsp90 functioned in maintaining the stability of SHVV L. Inhibition of Hsp90 activity with its inhibitor degraded SHVV L through different pathways based on the solubility of SHVV L due to the presence or absence of SHVV P. Our data provide important insights into the role of Hsp90 in SHVV polymerase maturation, which will help us to understand the polymerase function of negative-stranded RNA viruses.
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9
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Heat Shock Protein 90 Chaperones E1A Early Protein of Adenovirus 5 and Is Essential for Replication of the Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042020. [PMID: 33670684 PMCID: PMC7921956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus infections tend to be mild, but they may pose a serious threat for young and immunocompromised individuals. The treatment is complicated because there are no approved safe and specific drugs for adenovirus infections. Here, we present evidence that 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an inhibitor of Hsp90 chaperone, decreases the rate of human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5) replication in cell cultures by 95%. 17-AAG inhibited the transcription of early and late genes of HAdV-5, replication of viral DNA, and expression of viral proteins. 6 h after infection, Hsp90 inhibition results in a 6.3-fold reduction of the newly synthesized E1A protein level without a decrease in the E1A mRNA level. However, the Hsp90 inhibition does not increase the decay rate of the E1A protein that was constitutively expressed in the cell before exposure to the inhibitor. The co-immunoprecipitation proved that E1A protein interacted with Hsp90. Altogether, the presented results show, for the first time. that Hsp90 chaperones newly synthesized, but not mature, E1A protein. Because E1A serves as a transcriptional co-activator of adenovirus early genes, the anti-adenoviral activity of the Hsp90 inhibitor might be explained by the decreased E1A level.
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10
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Yin H, Shang Q, Zhang S, Shen M, Huang H, Zhao W, Xijie G, Wu P. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network in BmNPV infected cells treated with Hsp90 inhibitor. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:230-237. [PMID: 33022580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the main pathogens that seriously affect the sustainable development of sericulture industry. Inhibition of Hsp90 by Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA) significantly suppresses BmNPV proliferation in Bombyx mori, while the functional mechanism is not clear. LncRNA has been widely reported to play an important role in immune responses and host-virus interactions in mammalian. However, related research has been rarely reported on silkworm. In this study, firstly, we confirmed the decrease of BmNPV ORF75 protein in the BmNPV-infected BmN cells treated with GA. Next, by using a genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we compared the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in BmNPV infected BmN cells treated with or without GA and identified a total of 282 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and 523 DEmRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis revealed DEmRNA were mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, spliceosome, RNA transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Further, we selected 27 immune-related DEmRNAs, which displayed the similar changes of expression patterns on both protein level and transcript level to construct DElncRNA-DEmRNA network. In addition, based on the DElncRNA-bmo-miR-278-3p-BmHSC70 regulatory network, we explored the potential function of several lncRNAs as sponges to inhibit the regulatory effect of bmo-278-3p on Bombyx mori heat shock protein cognate 70 (BmHSC70). Our finding suggests that lncRNAs play a role in the regulation of BmNPV proliferation by Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotong Yin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Qi Shang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Shaolun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Manman Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Haoling Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Guo Xijie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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11
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Wan Q, Song D, Li H, He ML. Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:125. [PMID: 32661235 PMCID: PMC7356129 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The major functions of HSPs include chaperoning misfolded or unfolded polypeptides, protecting cells from toxic stress, and presenting immune and inflammatory cytokines. Regarded as a double-edged sword, HSPs also cooperate with numerous viruses and cancer cells to promote their survival. RNA chaperones are a group of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are essential factors for manipulating both the functions and metabolisms of pre-mRNAs/hnRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. hnRNPs involve in a large number of cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, RNP assembly and stabilization, RNA export, virus replication, histone-like nucleoid structuring, and even intracellular immunity. Dysregulation of stress proteins is associated with many human diseases including human cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s diseases, Alzheimer disease), stroke and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the biologic function of stress proteins, and current progress on their mechanisms related to virus reproduction and diseases caused by virus infections. As SPs also attract a great interest as potential antiviral targets (e.g., COVID-19), we also discuss the present progress and challenges in this area of HSP-based drug development, as well as with compounds already under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianya Wan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huangcan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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12
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Mohanty S, Harhaj EW. Mechanisms of Oncogenesis by HTLV-1 Tax. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070543. [PMID: 32645846 PMCID: PMC7399876 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a neoplasm of CD4+CD25+ T cells that occurs in 2-5% of infected individuals after decades of asymptomatic latent infection. Multiple HTLV-1-encoded regulatory proteins, including Tax and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), play key roles in viral persistence and latency. The HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein interacts with a plethora of host cellular proteins to regulate viral gene expression and also promote the aberrant activation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB to drive clonal proliferation and survival of T cells bearing the HTLV-1 provirus. Tax undergoes various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination that regulate its function and subcellular localization. Tax shuttles in different subcellular compartments for the activation of anti-apoptotic genes and deregulates the cell cycle with the induction of DNA damage for the accumulation of genomic instability that can result in cellular immortalization and malignant transformation. However, Tax is highly immunogenic and therefore HTLV-1 has evolved numerous strategies to tightly regulate Tax expression while maintaining the pool of anti-apoptotic genes through HBZ. In this review, we summarize the key findings on the oncogenic mechanisms used by Tax that set the stage for the development of ATLL, and the strategies used by HTLV-1 to tightly regulate Tax expression for immune evasion and viral persistence.
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13
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Ameur LB, Marie P, Thenoz M, Giraud G, Combe E, Claude JB, Lemaire S, Fontrodona N, Polveche H, Bastien M, Gessain A, Wattel E, Bourgeois CF, Auboeuf D, Mortreux F. Intragenic recruitment of NF-κB drives splicing modifications upon activation by the oncogene Tax of HTLV-1. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3045. [PMID: 32546717 PMCID: PMC7298006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic NF-κB activation in inflammation and cancer has long been linked to persistent activation of NF-κB–responsive gene promoters. However, NF-κB factors also massively bind to gene bodies. Here, we demonstrate that recruitment of the NF-κB factor RELA to intragenic regions regulates alternative splicing upon NF-κB activation by the viral oncogene Tax of HTLV-1. Integrative analyses of RNA splicing and chromatin occupancy, combined with chromatin tethering assays, demonstrate that DNA-bound RELA interacts with and recruits the splicing regulator DDX17, in an NF-κB activation-dependent manner. This leads to alternative splicing of target exons due to the RNA helicase activity of DDX17. Similar results were obtained upon Tax-independent NF-κB activation, indicating that Tax likely exacerbates a physiological process where RELA provides splice target specificity. Collectively, our results demonstrate a physical and direct involvement of NF-κB in alternative splicing regulation, which significantly revisits our knowledge of HTLV-1 pathogenesis and other NF-κB-related diseases. The nuclear factors κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor involved in immune functions, inflammation, and cancer. Here, the authors show that the NF-κB factor RELA regulates splicing of target genes by recruiting DDX17 on chromatin upon expression of the viral oncogene Tax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Ben Ameur
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Marie
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Morgan Thenoz
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France.,Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Giraud
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Combe
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Claude
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Lemaire
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Fontrodona
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | | | - Marine Bastien
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogénes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Eric Wattel
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5239, Oncovirologie et Biothérapies, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, ENS - HCL, Pierre Bénite, France.,Université Lyon 1, Service d'Hématologie, Pavillon Marcel Bérard, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Cyril F Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Auboeuf
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France.
| | - Franck Mortreux
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 Allée d'Italie Site Jacques Monod, 69007, Lyon, France.
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Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Transactivator Tax Exploits the XPB Subunit of TFIIH during Viral Transcription. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02171-19. [PMID: 32024775 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02171-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax oncoprotein is required for viral gene expression. Tax transactivates the viral promoter by recruiting specific transcription factors but also by interfering with general transcription factors involved in the preinitiation step, such as TFIIA and TFIID. However, data are lacking regarding Tax interplay with TFIIH, which intervenes during the last step of preinitiation. We previously reported that XPB, the TFIIH subunit responsible for promoter opening and promoter escape, is required for Tat-induced human-immunodeficiency virus promoter transactivation. Here, we investigated whether XPB may also play a role in HTLV-1 transcription. We report that Tax and XPB directly interact in vitro and that endogenous XPB produced by HTLV-1-infected T cells binds to Tax and is recruited on proviral LTRs. In contrast, XPB recruitment at the LTR is not detected in Tax-negative HTLV-1-infected T cells and is strongly reduced when Tax-induced HTLV-1 LTR transactivation is blocked. XPB overexpression does not affect basal HTLV-1 promoter activation but enhances Tax-mediated transactivation in T cells. Conversely, downregulating XPB strongly reduces Tax-mediated transactivation. Importantly, spironolactone (SP)-mediated inhibition of LTR activation can be rescued by overexpressing XPB but not XPD, another TFIIH subunit. Furthermore, an XPB mutant defective for the ATPase activity responsible for promoter opening does not show rescue of the effect of SP. Finally, XPB downregulation reduces viability of Tax-positive but not Tax-negative HTLV-1-transformed T cell lines. These findings reveal that XPB is a novel cellular cofactor hijacked by Tax to facilitate HTLV-1 transcription.IMPORTANCE HTLV-1 is considered the most potent human oncovirus and is also responsible for severe inflammatory disorders. HTLV-1 transcription is undertaken by RNA polymerase II and is controlled by the viral oncoprotein Tax. Tax transactivates the viral promoter first via the recruitment of CREB and its cofactors to the long terminal repeat (LTR). However, how Tax controls subsequent steps of the transcription process remains unclear. In this study, we explore the link between Tax and the XPB subunit of TFIIH that governs, via its ATPase activity, the promoter-opening step of transcription. We demonstrate that XPB is a novel physical and functional partner of Tax, recruited on HTLV-1 LTR, and required for viral transcription. These findings extend the mechanism of Tax transactivation to the recruitment of TFIIH and reinforce the link between XPB and transactivator-induced viral transcription.
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15
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Aviner R, Frydman J. Proteostasis in Viral Infection: Unfolding the Complex Virus-Chaperone Interplay. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a034090. [PMID: 30858229 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on their hosts for protein synthesis, genome replication, and viral particle production. As such, they have evolved mechanisms to divert host resources, including molecular chaperones, facilitate folding and assembly of viral proteins, stabilize complex structures under constant mutational pressure, and modulate signaling pathways to dampen antiviral responses and prevent premature host death. Biogenesis of viral proteins often presents unique challenges to the proteostasis network, as it requires the rapid and orchestrated production of high levels of a limited number of multifunctional, multidomain, and aggregation-prone proteins. To overcome such challenges, viruses interact with the folding machinery not only as clients but also as regulators of chaperone expression, function, and subcellular localization. In this review, we summarize the main types of interactions between viral proteins and chaperones during infection, examine evolutionary aspects of this relationship, and discuss the potential of using chaperone inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranen Aviner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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16
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Transcriptional activation of long terminal repeat of bovine leukemia virus by bovine heat shock factor 1. Virus Res 2019; 269:197641. [PMID: 31228509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). The BLV genome encodes Tax protein, a transcriptional activator of viral gene expression that binds to the BLV long terminal repeat (LTR). Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a known regulator of the heat shock response proteins, including heat shock proteins. In the present study, the BLV LTR was investigated for interaction of heat shock element (HSE) with HSF1 and the viral Tax protein. It could be confirmed that a functional HSE is well conserved in different BLV strains. The LTR transcriptional activity, as measured by luciferase reporter assay, was upregulated by bovine HSF1 - without Tax expression - in feline CC81 cells. The HSF1 activated LTR transcription by binding to the HSE. LTR-activation was lost upon HSE removal from the LTR and upon expression of a mutant HSF1 lacking the DNA-binding domain. We conclude that BLV LTR is activated to a basal level by host transcriptional factor HSF1, but without Tax protein involvement.
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17
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Quantitative proteomics analysis provides insight into the biological role of Hsp90 in BmNPV infection in Bombyx mori. J Proteomics 2019; 203:103379. [PMID: 31102755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90, an essential chaperone responsible for the correct maturation of key proteins, has been confirmed to facilitate Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) proliferation but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we use quantitative proteomics analysis to investigate the mechanism of Hsp90 in BmNPV replication. In total, 195 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with 136 up-regulated proteins and 59 down-regulated proteins. The protein expression level of small heat shock proteins, immune-related proteins, cellular DNA repair-related proteins and zinc finger proteins is significantly enhanced while that of protein kinases is declined. KEGG pathway analysis reveals that DEPs are involved in longevity regulating pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway and Toll and Imd signaling pathway. Based on the DEPs results, we speculate that inhibition of Hsp90 suppresses the BmNPV infection may because it could not only stimulate the host innate immune, induce small heat shock proteins expression to maintain the cellular proteostasis but activate host transcription factors to bind to virus DNA or protein and subsequently hinder virus replication. The results will help understand the roles of Hsp90 in BmNPV infection and shed light on new clue to illustrate the molecular mechanism of silkworm-virus interaction. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report on Hsp90 roles in BmNPV infection based on proteomic analysis. Our findings may provide new clue and research orientation to illustrate the molecular mechanism of silkworm-virus interaction and a set of BmHsp90 candidate clients, which may involve in BmNPV infection in BmN cells.
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18
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Liu J, Ma C, Zhang X, You J, Dong M, Chen L, Jiang P, Yun S. Molecular detection of Hsp90 inhibitor suppressing PCV2 replication in host cells. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:51-58. [PMID: 31028862 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) is a pathogen that has the ability to cause devastating disease manifestations in pig populations with major economic implications. Our previous research found that Hsp90 is required for PCV2 production in PK-15 and 3D4/31 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hsp90 inhibitor regulating PCV2 replication and to explore its underlying mechanism. In PK-15 and 3D4/31 cells treated with 17-AAG after viral adsorption, replication of PCV2 was attenuated as assessed by quantitating the expression of viral protein. Following NF-κB activation it was observed that 24hpi with PCV2 was significantly inhibited in the presence of 17-AAG. The expression of Hsp90 associated client proteins in PCV2-infected cells were also reduced in the presence of 17-AAG. However, treatment with MG-132 failed to rescue 17-AAG mediated reduction of PCV2 production in host cells. Thus, Hsp90 regulates PCV2 by modulating cellular signaling proteins. These results highlight the importance of cellular proteins during PCV2 infection and the possibility of targeting cellular chaperones for developing new anti-rotaviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Chang Ma
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jinwei You
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shifeng Yun
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, No.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
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Heat-shock protein 90α is involved in maintaining the stability of VP16 and VP16-mediated transactivation of α genes from herpes simplex virus-1. Mol Med 2018; 24:65. [PMID: 30577726 PMCID: PMC6303900 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous host cellular factors are exploited by viruses to facilitate infection. Our previous studies and those of others have shown heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a cellular molecular chaperone, is involved in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection. However, the function of the dominant Hsp90 isoform and the relationship between Hsp90 and HSV-1 α genes remain unclear. Methods and results Hsp90α knockdown or inhibition significantly inhibited the promoter activity of HSV-1 α genes and downregulated virion protein 16(VP16) expression from virus and plasmids. The Hsp90α knockdown-induced suppression of α genes promoter activity and downregulation of α genes was reversed by VP16 overexpression, indicating that Hsp90α is involved in VP16-mediated transcription of HSV-1 α genes. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that VP16 interacted with Hsp90α through the conserved core domain within VP16. Based on using autophagy inhibitors and the presence of Hsp90 inhibitors in ATG7−/− (autophagy-deficient) cells, Hsp90 inhibition-induced degradation of VP16 is dependent on macroautophagy-mediated degradation but not chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway. In vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with gels containing Hsp90 inhibitor effectively reduced the level of VP16 and α genes, which may contribute to the amelioration of the skin lesions in an HSV-1 infection mediated zosteriform model. Conclusion Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which Hsp90α facilitates the transactivation of HSV-1 α genes and viral infection, and highlights the importance of developing selective inhibitors targeting the interaction between Hsp90α and VP16 to reduce toxicity, a major challenge in the clinical use of Hsp90 inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0066-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Echevarria-Lima J, de Abreu Pereira D, de Oliveira TS, de Melo Espíndola O, Lima MA, Celestino Leite AC, Sandim V, Rodrigues Nascimento C, E Kalume D, B Zingali R. Protein Profile of Blood Monocytes is Altered in HTLV-1 Infected Patients: Implications for HAM/TSP Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14354. [PMID: 30254298 PMCID: PMC6156329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The endothelial breakdown and migration of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the spinal cord are involved in HAM/TSP development. Monocytes from HTLV-1-infected individuals exhibit important functional differences when compared to cells from uninfected donors. Using proteomic shot gun strategy, performed by nanoACQUITY-UPLC system, we analyzed monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers (AC), HAM/TSP and uninfected individuals. 534 proteins were identified among which 376 were quantified by ExpressionE software. Our study revealed a panel of changes in protein expression linked to HTLV-1 infection. Upregulation of heat shock proteins and downregulation of canonical histone expression were observed in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients. Moreover, expression of cytoskeleton proteins was increased in monocytes from HTLV-1-infected patients, mainly in those from HAM/TSP, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, functional assays demonstrated that monocytes from HAM/TSP patients present higher ability for adhesion and transmigration thought endothelium than those from AC and uninfected individuals. The major changes on monocyte protein profile were detected in HAM/TSP patients, suggesting that these alterations exert a relevant role in the establishment of HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Lab. de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Depto. of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica (UEMP), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular, Coordenação Geral de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Silva de Oliveira
- Lab. de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Depto. of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otávio de Melo Espíndola
- Lab. de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Lima
- Lab. de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Celestino Leite
- Lab. de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecções, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sandim
- Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica (UEMP), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Dario E Kalume
- Lab. Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Russolina B Zingali
- Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica (UEMP), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Fochi S, Mutascio S, Bertazzoni U, Zipeto D, Romanelli MG. HTLV Deregulation of the NF-κB Pathway: An Update on Tax and Antisense Proteins Role. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:285. [PMID: 29515558 PMCID: PMC5826390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive CD4+/CD25+ T-cell malignancy and of a severe neurodegenerative disease, HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The chronic activation or deregulation of the canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. The HTLV-1 Tax-1 oncoprotein is a potent activator of the NF-κB transcription factors and the NF-κB response is required for promoting the development of HTLV-1 transformed cell lines. The homologous retrovirus HTLV-2, which also expresses a Tax-2 transforming protein, is not associated with ATL. In this review, we provide an updated synopsis of the role of Tax-1 in the deregulation of the NF-κB pathway, highlighting the differences with the homologous Tax-2. Special emphasis is directed toward the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in NF-κB activation resulting from Tax interaction with host factors affecting several cellular processes, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, cell proliferation, autophagy, and post-translational modifications. We also discuss the current knowledge on the role of the antisense viral protein HBZ in down-regulating the NF-κB activation induced by Tax, and its implication in cellular senescence. In addition, we review the recent studies on the mechanism of HBZ-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activity as compared to that exerted by the HTLV-2 antisense protein, APH-2. Finally, we discuss recent advances aimed at understanding the role exerted in the development of ATL by the perturbation of NF-κB pathway by viral regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria G. Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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22
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Wang Y, Jin F, Li F, Qin S, Wang Y. Could targeting the heat shock protein 90 revolutionize antiviral therapy? Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional antiviral strategies that target viral components are frequently associated with the generation of drug-resistant viruses. Thus, the development of novel antiviral drugs is critical. Hsp90 is a promising broad-spectrum antiviral drug target; however, whether targeting Hsp90 will revolutionize antiviral therapy remains ambiguous. Here, we summarize how Hsp90 functions in relation to its interactors, and listed the specific Hsp90 isoforms that participated in the virus life cycle. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of targeting Hsp90, taking into account antiviral activity, toxicity and the likelihood of emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Overall, we highlight that targeting Hsp90 might represent a novel and effective antiviral strategy. However, further studies are required before Hsp90 inhibitors can be used in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Shurong Qin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research & Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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Wang Y, Jin F, Wang R, Li F, Wu Y, Kitazato K, Wang Y. HSP90: a promising broad-spectrum antiviral drug target. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3269-3282. [PMID: 28780632 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antiviral drug-resistant mutants is the most important issue in current antiviral therapy. As obligate parasites, viruses require host factors for efficient replication. An ideal therapeutic target to prevent drug-resistance development is represented by host factors that are crucial for the viral life cycle. Recent studies have indicated that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a crucial host factor that is required by many viruses for multiple phases of their life cycle including viral entry, nuclear import, transcription, and replication. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances regarding HSP90 function, mechanisms of action, and molecular pathways that are associated with viral infection, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of HSP90 in the immune response and exosome-mediated viral transmission. In addition, several HSP90 inhibitors have entered clinical trials for specific cancers that are associated with viral infection, which further implies a crucial role for HSP90 in the malignant transformation of virus-infected cells; as such, HSP90 inhibitors exhibit excellent therapeutic potential. Finally, we describe the challenge of developing HSP90 inhibitors as anti-viral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongze Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Heat Shock Enhances the Expression of the Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type-I (HTLV-I) Trans-Activator (Tax) Antigen in Human HTLV-I Infected Primary and Cultured T Cells. Viruses 2016; 8:v8070191. [PMID: 27409630 PMCID: PMC4974526 DOI: 10.3390/v8070191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental factors that lead to the reactivation of human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-I) in latently infected T cells in vivo remain unknown. It has been previously shown that heat shock (HS) is a potent inducer of HTLV-I viral protein expression in long-term cultured cell lines. However, the precise HTLV-I protein(s) and mechanisms by which HS induces its effect remain ill-defined. We initiated these studies by first monitoring the levels of the trans-activator (Tax) protein induced by exposure of the HTLV-I infected cell line to HS. HS treatment at 43 °C for 30 min for 24 h led to marked increases in the level of Tax antigen expression in all HTLV-I-infected T cell lines tested including a number of HTLV-I-naturally infected T cell lines. HS also increased the expression of functional HTLV-I envelope gp46 antigen, as shown by increased syncytium formation activity. Interestingly, the enhancing effect of HS was partially inhibited by the addition of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-inhibitor pifithlin-μ (PFT). In contrast, the HSP 70-inducer zerumbone (ZER) enhanced Tax expression in the absence of HS. These data suggest that HSP 70 is at least partially involved in HS-mediated stimulation of Tax expression. As expected, HS resulted in enhanced expression of the Tax-inducible host antigens, such as CD83 and OX40. Finally, we confirmed that HS enhanced the levels of Tax and gp46 antigen expression in primary human CD4⁺ T cells isolated from HTLV-I-infected humanized NOD/SCID/γc null (NOG) mice and HTLV-I carriers. In summary, the data presented herein indicate that HS is one of the environmental factors involved in the reactivation of HTLV-I in vivo via enhanced Tax expression, which may favor HTLV-I expansion in vivo.
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Roundhill E, Turnbull D, Burchill S. Localization of MRP-1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane by the chaperone protein HSP90β. FASEB J 2015; 30:1712-23. [PMID: 26722004 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-283408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of plasma membrane multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1) in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) predicts poor outcome. MRP-1 is also expressed in mitochondria, and we have examined the submitochondrial localization of MRP-1 and investigated the mechanism of MRP-1 transport and role of this organelle in the response to doxorubicin. The mitochondrial localization of MRP-1 was examined in ES cell lines by differential centrifugation and membrane solubilization by digitonin. Whether MRP-1 is chaperoned by heat shock proteins (HSPs) was investigated by immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence microscopy, and HSP knockout using small hairpin RNA and inhibitors (apoptozole, 17-AAG, and NVPAUY). The effect of disrupting mitochondrial MRP-1-dependent efflux activity on the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin was investigated by counting viable cell number. Mitochondrial MRP-1 is glycosylated and localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is coexpressed with HSP90. MRP-1 binds to both HSP90 and HSP70, although only inhibition of HSP90β decreases expression of MRP-1 in the mitochondria. Disruption of mitochondrial MRP-1-dependent efflux significantly increases the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin (combination index, <0.9). For the first time, we have demonstrated that mitochondrial MRP-1 is expressed in the outer mitochondrial membrane and is a client protein of HSP90β, where it may play a role in the doxorubicin-induced resistance of ES.-Roundhill, E., Turnbull, D., Burchill, S. Localization of MRP-1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane by the chaperone protein HSP90β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Roundhill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Doug Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Burchill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
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Kasai H, Kawakami K, Yokoe H, Yoshimura K, Matsuda M, Yasumoto J, Maekawa S, Yamashita A, Tanaka T, Ikeda M, Kato N, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Sakamoto N, Enomoto N, Takeda S, Fujii H, Tsubuki M, Kusunoki M, Moriishi K. Involvement of FKBP6 in hepatitis C virus replication. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16699. [PMID: 26567527 PMCID: PMC4644952 DOI: 10.1038/srep16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone system is known to be exploited by viruses for their replication. In the present study, we identified the cochaperone FKBP6 as a host factor required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. FKBP6 is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase with three domains of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), but lacks FK-506 binding ability. FKBP6 interacted with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and also formed a complex with FKBP6 itself or FKBP8, which is known to be critical for HCV replication. The Val121 of NS5A and TPR domains of FKBP6 were responsible for the interaction between NS5A and FKBP6. FKBP6 was colocalized with NS5A, FKBP8, and double-stranded RNA in HCV-infected cells. HCV replication was completely suppressed in FKBP6-knockout hepatoma cell lines, while the expression of FKBP6 restored HCV replication in FKBP6-knockout cells. A treatment with the FKBP8 inhibitor N-(N′, N′-dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide impaired the formation of a homo- or hetero-complex consisting of FKBP6 and/or FKBP8, and suppressed HCV replication. HCV infection promoted the expression of FKBP6, but not that of FKBP8, in cultured cells and human liver tissue. These results indicate that FKBP6 is an HCV-induced host factor that supports viral replication in cooperation with NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kawakami
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yokoe
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuda
- Department of First Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinya Maekawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Atsuya Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Tumor Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Tumor Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Enomoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of First Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Kusunoki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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27
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Kusano S, Yoshimitsu M, Hachiman M, Ikeda M. I-mfa domain proteins specifically interact with HTLV-1 Tax and repress its transactivating functions. Virology 2015; 486:219-27. [PMID: 26469549 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The I-mfa domain proteins HIC (also known as MDFIC) and I-mfa (also known as MDFI) are candidate tumor suppressor genes that are involved in cellular and viral transcriptional regulation. Here, we show that HIC and I-mfa directly interact with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein in vitro. In addition, HIC and I-mfa repress Tax-dependent transactivation of an HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) reporter construct in COS-1, Jurkat and high-Tax-producing HTLV-1-infected T cells. HIC also interacts with Tax through its I-mfa domain in vivo and represses Tax-dependent transactivation of HTLV-1 LTR and NF-κB reporter constructs in an interaction-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that HIC decreases the nuclear distribution and stimulates the proteasomal degradation of Tax. These data reveal that HIC specifically interacts with HTLV-1 Tax and negatively regulates Tax transactivational activity by altering its subcellular distribution and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kusano
- Division of Persistent and Oncogenic Viruses, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yoshimitsu
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Miho Hachiman
- Division of Hematology and Immunology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Division of Persistent and Oncogenic Viruses, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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28
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Xiang D, Yuan Y, Chen L, Liu X, Belani C, Cheng H. Niclosamide, an anti-helminthic molecule, downregulates the retroviral oncoprotein Tax and pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in HTLV-1-transformed T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:221-228. [PMID: 26116531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia and lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive form of hematological malignancy and is caused by chronic infection of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The viral genome encodes an oncogenic protein, Tax, which plays a key role in transactivating viral gene transcription and in deregulating cellular oncogenic signaling to promote survival, proliferation and transformation of virally infected T cells. Hence, Tax is a desirable therapeutic target, particularly at early stage of HTLV-1-mediated oncogenesis. We here show that niclosamide, an anti-helminthic molecule, induced apoptosis of HTLV-1-transformed T cells. Niclosamide facilitated degradation of the Tax protein in proteasome. Consistent with niclosamide-mediated Tax degradation, this compound inhibited activities of MAPK/ERK1/2 and IκB kinases. In addition, niclosamide downregulated Stat3 and pro-survival Bcl-2 family members such as Mcl-1 and repressed the viral gene transcription of HTLV-1 through induction of Tax degradation. Since Tax, Stat3 and Mcl-1 are crucial molecules for promoting survival and growth of HTLV-1-transformed T cells, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of niclosamide in inducing Tax degradation and downregulating various cellular pro-survival molecules, thereby promoting apoptosis of HTLV-1-associated leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiang
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033.,Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chandra Belani
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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29
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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) tax requires CADM1/TSLC1 for inactivation of the NF-κB inhibitor A20 and constitutive NF-κB signaling. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004721. [PMID: 25774694 PMCID: PMC4361615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of NF-κB by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein, Tax, is vital for the development and pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). K63-linked polyubiquitinated Tax activates the IKK complex in the plasma membrane-associated lipid raft microdomain. Tax also interacts with TAX1BP1 to inactivate the NF-κB negative regulatory ubiquitin-editing A20 enzyme complex. However, the molecular mechanisms of Tax-mediated IKK activation and A20 protein complex inactivation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that membrane associated CADM1 (Cell adhesion molecule1) recruits Ubc13 to Tax, causing K63-linked polyubiquitination of Tax, and IKK complex activation in the membrane lipid raft. The c-terminal cytoplasmic tail containing PDZ binding motif of CADM1 is critical for Tax to maintain persistent NF-κB activation. Finally, Tax failed to inactivate the NF-κB negative regulator ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 complex, and activate the IKK complex in the lipid raft in absence of CADM1. Our results thus indicate that CADM1 functions as a critical scaffold molecule for Tax and Ubc13 to form a cellular complex with NEMO, TAX1BP1 and NRP, to activate the IKK complex in the plasma membrane-associated lipid rafts, to inactivate NF-κB negative regulators, and maintain persistent NF-κB activation in HTLV-1 infected cells. HTLV-1 infection leads to the development of Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). One of the major causes responsible for the development of HTLV-1 associated diseases is chronic inflammation directed by NF-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB activation in response to a wide variety of signals is transient and tightly controlled by ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20. One of the mechanisms of persistent NF-κB activation in HTLV-1 infected cells is inactivation of NF-κB negative regulators; however, the precise mechanism is unknown. Here, we focused on host tumor suppressor Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) that is robustly upregulated in HTLV-1 infected cells. The expression of CADM1 is frequently silenced in several cancers; however, it is critical for HTLV-1 associated ATL tumor cell survival. We characterized the role of CADM1 in persistent NF-κB activation in HTLV-1 infected cells. We found that CADM1 is required for the HTLV-1 oncoprotein, Tax, to form a cellular complex with Ubc13, TAX1BP1, NRP and NEMO in the membrane lipid rafts micorodomain. We further demonstrated that Tax requires CADM1 to inactivate NF-κB negative regulator and maintain persistent NF-κB activation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of chronic NF-κB activation by CADM1 in HTLV-1 infected cells.
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30
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Regulation of HTLV-1 tax stability, cellular trafficking and NF-κB activation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Viruses 2014; 6:3925-43. [PMID: 25341660 PMCID: PMC4213571 DOI: 10.3390/v6103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 3%–5% of infected individuals after a long latent period. HTLV-1 Tax is a trans-activating protein that regulates viral gene expression and also modulates cellular signaling pathways to enhance T-cell proliferation and cell survival. The Tax oncoprotein promotes T-cell transformation, in part via constitutive activation of the NF-κB transcription factor; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Ubiquitination is a type of post-translational modification that occurs in a three-step enzymatic cascade mediated by E1, E2 and E3 enzymes and regulates protein stability as well as signal transduction, protein trafficking and the DNA damage response. Emerging studies indicate that Tax hijacks the ubiquitin machinery to activate ubiquitin-dependent kinases and downstream NF-κB signaling. Tax interacts with the E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and is conjugated on C-terminal lysine residues with lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Tax K63-linked polyubiquitination may serve as a platform for signaling complexes since this modification is critical for interactions with NEMO and IKK. In addition to NF-κB signaling, mono- and polyubiquitination of Tax also regulate its subcellular trafficking and stability. Here, we review recent advances in the diverse roles of ubiquitin in Tax function and how Tax usurps the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to promote oncogenesis.
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31
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Choi YB, Harhaj EW. Functional implications of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generated by oncogenic viruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:423-436. [PMID: 25580106 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Between 15-20% of human cancers are associated with infection by oncogenic viruses. Oncogenic viruses, including HPV, HBV, HCV and HTLV-1, target mitochondria to influence cell proliferation and survival. Oncogenic viral gene products also trigger the production of reactive oxygen species which can elicit oxidative DNA damage and potentiate oncogenic host signaling pathways. Viral oncogenes may also subvert mitochondria quality control mechanisms such as mitophagy and metabolic adaptation pathways to promote virus replication. Here, we will review recent progress on viral regulation of mitophagy and metabolic adaptation and their roles in viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bong Choi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns HopkinsSchool of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward William Harhaj
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns HopkinsSchool of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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32
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Krämer OH, Mahboobi S, Sellmer A. Drugging the HDAC6–HSP90 interplay in malignant cells. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:501-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Schmitz ML, Kracht M, Saul VV. The intricate interplay between RNA viruses and NF-κB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2754-2764. [PMID: 25116307 PMCID: PMC7114235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses have rapidly evolving genomes which often allow cross-species transmission and frequently generate new virus variants with altered pathogenic properties. Therefore infections by RNA viruses are a major threat to human health. The infected host cell detects trace amounts of viral RNA and the last years have revealed common principles in the biochemical mechanisms leading to signal amplification that is required for mounting of a powerful antiviral response. Components of the RNA sensing and signaling machinery such as RIG-I-like proteins, MAVS and the inflammasome inducibly form large oligomers or even fibers that exhibit hallmarks of prions. Following a nucleation event triggered by detection of viral RNA, these energetically favorable and irreversible polymerization events trigger signaling cascades leading to the induction of antiviral and inflammatory responses, mediated by interferon and NF-κB pathways. Viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate these host cell signaling pathways in order to ensure their replication. We will discuss at the examples of influenza and HTLV-1 viruses how a fascinating diversity of biochemical mechanisms is employed by viral proteins to control the NF-κB pathway at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera V Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Xie X, Xiao H, Ding F, Zhong H, Zhu J, Ma N, Mei J. Over-expression of prolyl hydroxylase-1 blocks NF-κB-mediated cyclin D1 expression and proliferation in lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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