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Karakkottil P, Pulamte L, Kumar V. Strategic Analysis of Collaborative Networks in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Research for Improved Pest Management Strategies. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:937-954. [PMID: 38691225 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) poses a significant global threat to food security, and economics. Timely detection is crucial, and this research explores innovative techniques like data analysis, remote sensing, satellite imagery, and AI with machine learning algorithms for predicting and managing outbreaks. Emphasizing the importance of community engagement and international collaboration, social network analysis (SNA) is employed to uncover collaborative networks in FAW management research. The study analyzes a decade of research, revealing trends, influential institutions, authors, and countries, providing insights for efficient FAW management strategies. The research highlights a growing interest in Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith and Abbott 1797) research, focusing on biological control, chemical insecticides, plant extracts, and pest resistance. Co-Citation analysis identifies key research concepts, while collaboration analysis emphasizes the contributions of actors and institutions, such as China, the USA, and Brazil, with international collaboration playing a vital role. Current research trends involve evolving resistance, insecticidal protein gene discovery, and bio-control investigations. Leveraging insights from collaborative networks is essential for formulating effective strategies to manage fall armyworm and ensure global food security. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for researchers and stakeholders, guiding efforts to combat this pervasive agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajith Karakkottil
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg,, New Delhi, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Lalsiemlien Pulamte
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg,, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg,, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ma H, Kennard A, Mattson N, Khan AS. Characterization of Sf9 cell clones with differential susceptibilities to Sf-rhabdovirus X +3.7 and Sf-rhabdovirus X - replication. Virology 2024; 594:110038. [PMID: 38471199 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Our laboratory previously discovered a novel rhabdovirus in the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cell line that was designated as Sf-rhabdovirus. Using limiting dilution, this cell line was found to be a mixed population of cells infected by Sf-rhabdovirus variants containing either the full length X accessory gene with a 3.7 kb internal duplication (designated as Sf-rhabdovirus X+3.7) or lacking the duplication and part of the X gene (designated as Sf-rhabdovirus X-), and cells that were negative for Sf-rhabdovirus. In this paper, we found that the Sf-rhabdovirus negative cell clones had sub-populations with different susceptibilities to the replication of Sf-rhabdovirus X+3.7 and X- variants: cell clone Sf9-13F12 was more sensitive to replication by both virus variants compared to Sf9-3003; moreover, Sf9-3003 showed more resistance to X+3.7 replication than to X- replication. RNA-Seq analysis indicated significant differentially expressed genes in the Sf9-13F12 and Sf9-3003 cell clones further supporting that distinct sub-populations of virus-negative cells co-exist in the parent Sf9 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Ma
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Andrea Kennard
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nicholas Mattson
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Arifa S Khan
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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Ma H, Bosma TJ, Khan AS. Long-Read High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) Revealed That the Sf-Rhabdovirus X + Genome Contains a 3.7 kb Internal Duplication. Viruses 2023; 15:1998. [PMID: 37896775 PMCID: PMC10612052 DOI: 10.3390/v15101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a novel rhabdovirus produced from the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line, designated as Sf-rhabdovirus X+ since it contained a unique accessory gene X. The Sf-rhabdovirus X+ genome sequence was generated using Sanger sequencing and short-read high-throughput sequencing (HTS). In this study, we have used long-read HTS technologies, PacBio's single-molecule real-time sequencing and Oxford's Nanopore RNA direct sequencing, to analyze the parent Sf9 cell line transcriptome and the virus RNA produced from an X+ cell clone, respectively. A unique 3.7 kb duplication was identified in the L gene between nucleotide position 8523 and 8524, preceded by a GA dinucleotide insertion. This duplication contained a partial G gene, the complete X gene, and a partial L gene, which extended from nucleotide positions 4767-8523 in the X+ virus. Thus, the X+ genome length is 17,361 nucleotides, and we have re-designated the virus as Sf-rhabdovirus X+3.7. The 3.7 kb duplication was found in all Sf9 cell clones producing the X+ variant virus. Furthermore, the Sf-rhabdovirus X+3.7 genome was stable at passage 30, which was the highest passage tested. These results highlight the importance of combining short-read and long-read technologies for accurately sequencing virus genomes using HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arifa S. Khan
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (H.M.); (T.J.B.)
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Qi YH, Ye ZX, Zhang CX, Chen JP, Li JM. Diversity of RNA viruses in agricultural insects. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4312-4321. [PMID: 37711182 PMCID: PMC10497914 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics tools have revealed a vast array of viral diversity in insects, particularly RNA viruses. However, our current understanding of insect RNA viruses has primarily focused on hematophagous insects due to their medical importance, while research on the viromes of agriculturally relevant insects remains limited. This comprehensive review aims to address the gap by providing an overview of the diversity of RNA viruses in agricultural pests and beneficial insects within the agricultural ecosystem. Based on the NCBI Virus Database, over eight hundred RNA viruses belonging to 39 viral families have been reported in more than three hundred agricultural insect species. These viruses are predominantly found in the insect orders of Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera. These findings have significantly enriched our understanding of RNA viral diversity in agricultural insects. While further virome investigations are necessary to expand our knowledge to more insect species, it is crucial to explore the biological roles of these identified RNA viruses within insects in future studies. This review also highlights the limitations and challenges for the effective virus discovery through NGS and their potential solutions, which might facilitate for the development of innovative bioinformatic tools in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Menghini MT, Geisler C, Maghodia AB, Hallam HJ, Denton SL, Gigley JP, Jarvis DL. Host ranges of Sf-rhabdoviruses harbored by lepidopteran insects and insect cell lines. Virology 2023; 585:164-178. [PMID: 37348145 PMCID: PMC10528406 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf), which are the most widely used hosts in the baculovirus-insect cell system, are contaminated with Sf-rhabdoviruses (Sf-RVs). In this study, we identified a closely related virus (Sf-CAT-RV) in the caterpillar species used to isolate the original Sf cell line. We then evaluated the Sf-RV and Sf-CAT-RV host ranges, found Sf-CAT-RV could infect Vero cells, and obtained results suggesting both variants can infect mouse ear fibroblasts. In addition, we found both variants could establish pantropic infections in severely immunocompromised (RAG2/IL2RG-/-) mice. However, both variants were cleared by two weeks post-inoculation and neither produced any symptoms or obvious adverse outcomes in these hosts. We conclude the caterpillars used to isolate Sf21 cells were the most likely source of the Sf-RV contaminant, Sf-RVs and their Sf-CAT-RV progenitor have broader host ranges than expected from previous work, but neither variant poses a serious threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Menghini
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven L Denton
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jason P Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; GlycoBac, LLC, Laramie, WY, USA.
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de Malmanche H, Hussain M, Marcellin E, Reid S, Asgari S. Knockout of Dicer-2 in the Sf9 cell line enhances the replication of Spodoptera frugiperda rhabdovirus and conditionally increases baculovirus replication. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36018884 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sf9 cell line, originally isolated from the ovarian tissue of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, is widely used in academia and industry for the baculovirus-mediated production of recombinant proteins and virus-like particles. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved antiviral pathway present in eukaryotic organisms and is the primary antiviral defence mechanism in insects. Recent evidence has implicated RNAi as an antiviral response to baculovirus infection in Sf9 cells. To test this hypothesis, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to disable the RNAi pathway in Sf9 cells by knocking out Dicer-2, the protein responsible for cleaving viral double-stranded RNA precursors into short interfering RNAs. Infection of Dicer-2 knockout Sf9 cells with either the wild-type baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), recombinant AcMNPV (rAcMNPV) expressing β-galactosidase (β-gal), or rAcMNPV expressing a wasp venom protein (Vn50) at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 1 resulted in a modest increase in virus replication compared to control Sf9 cells under adherent culture conditions. In contrast, Dicer-2 knockout Sf9 monolayer or suspension cultures infected by the rAcMNPV expressing β-gal at higher m.o.i.s (3.5 and 20) did not exhibit increases in either viral DNA replication or β-gal production. Intriguingly, during long-term passaging in suspension, Dicer-2 knockout Sf9 cultures underwent transient crashes in cell proliferation and viability. It was discovered that these periods of low growth and viability coincided with a dramatic increase in the RNA levels of S. frugiperda rhabdovirus, a recently identified adventitious virus that persistently infects the Sf9 cell line, suggesting a role for Dicer-2 in managing chronic viral infections in this industrially relevant insect cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry de Malmanche
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Steve Reid
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Hussain AG, Wennmann JT, Goergen G, Bryon A, Ros VI. Viruses of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: A Review with Prospects for Biological Control. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112220. [PMID: 34835026 PMCID: PMC8625175 DOI: 10.3390/v13112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a native pest species in the Western hemisphere. Since it was first reported in Africa in 2016, FAW has spread throughout the African continent and is now also present in several countries in Asia as well as Australia. The invasion of FAW in these areas has led to a high yield reduction in crops, leading to huge economic losses. FAW management options in the newly invaded areas are limited and mainly rely on the use of synthetic pesticides. Since there is a risk of resistance development against pesticides in addition to the negative environmental and human health impacts, other effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient control alternatives are desired. Insect pathogenic viruses fulfil these criteria as they are usually effective and highly host-specific with no significant harmful effect on beneficial insects and non-target organisms. In this review, we discuss all viruses known from FAW and their potential to be used for biological control. We specifically focus on baculoviruses and describe the recent advancements in the use of baculoviruses for biological control in the native geographic origin of FAW, and their potential use in the newly invaded areas. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest new avenues for productive research on the use of viruses as a biopesticide against FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Hussain
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jörg T. Wennmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Georg Goergen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Biological Control Centre for Africa, Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin;
| | - Astrid Bryon
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera I.D. Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Paredes-Sánchez FA, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V, Martínez-Padrón HY, Berrones-Morales M, Niño-García N, Herrera-Mayorga V. Advances in Control Strategies against Spodoptera frugiperda. A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185587. [PMID: 34577058 PMCID: PMC8471127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies for controlling the insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda have been developing over the past four decades; however, the insecticide resistance and the remarkable adaptability of this insect have hindered its success. This review first analyzes the different chemical compounds currently available and the most promising options to control S. frugiperda. Then, we analyze the metabolites obtained from plant extracts with antifeedant, repellent, insecticide, or ovicide effects that could be environmentally friendly options for developing botanical S. frugiperda insecticides. Subsequently, we analyze the biological control based on the use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasitoids against this pest. Finally, the use of sex pheromones to monitor this pest is analyzed. The advances reviewed could provide a wide panorama to guide the search for new pesticidal strategies but focused on environmental sustainability against S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A. Paredes-Sánchez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, El Mante 89840, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (F.A.P.-S.); (M.B.-M.); (N.N.-G.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.R.); (V.B.-G.)
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (G.R.); (V.B.-G.)
| | - Hadassa Y. Martínez-Padrón
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Cd. Victoria 87087, Tamaulipas, Mexico;
| | - Martín Berrones-Morales
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, El Mante 89840, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (F.A.P.-S.); (M.B.-M.); (N.N.-G.)
| | - Nohemí Niño-García
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, El Mante 89840, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (F.A.P.-S.); (M.B.-M.); (N.N.-G.)
| | - Verónica Herrera-Mayorga
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, El Mante 89840, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (F.A.P.-S.); (M.B.-M.); (N.N.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(492)-909-3646
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Ma H, Nandakumar S, Bae EH, Chin PJ, Khan AS. The Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line is a heterogeneous population of rhabdovirus-infected and virus-negative cells: Isolation and characterization of cell clones containing rhabdovirus X-gene variants and virus-negative cell clones. Virology 2019; 536:125-133. [PMID: 31494355 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Sf9 cell line is broadly used for manufacturing baculovirus-expressed viral vaccines. We previously reported the presence of a novel, rhabdovirus in the Sf9 cell line, which contained a unique X gene (Sf-rhabdovirus; designated as X+ in this paper). These results were extended by other reports describing an Sf-rhabdovirus variant in Sf9 cells, which lacked 320 nucleotides encompassing the X-gene and adjacent intergenic region (designated as X- in this paper), and the development of an Sf-rhabdovirus negative cell line. Here, we report that the Sf9 cell line is a mixed-cell population, based upon isolation of cell clones with distinct phenotypes: Sf-rhabdovirus-negative, X+, and X-. We also show that Sf-rhabdovirus X+ and X- variants replicate independently in Sf-rhabdovirus-negative cells. These results shed light on the detection of different rhabdovirus variants by different laboratories using Sf9-derived cell clones and confirm that both X+ and X- viruses are infectious in rhabdovirus-negative Sf9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Ma
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Eunhae H Bae
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Pei-Ju Chin
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Arifa S Khan
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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