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Ghafoori SM, Petersen GF, Conrady DG, Calhoun BM, Stigliano MZZ, Baydo RO, Grice R, Abendroth J, Lorimer DD, Edwards TE, Forwood JK. Structural characterisation of hemagglutinin from seven Influenza A H1N1 strains reveal diversity in the C05 antibody recognition site. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6940. [PMID: 37117205 PMCID: PMC10140725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) causes several outbreaks of the flu each year resulting in an economic burden to the healthcare system in the billions of dollars. Several influenza pandemics have occurred during the last century and estimated to have caused 100 million deaths. There are four genera of IV, A (IVA), B (IVB), C (IVC), and D (IVD), with IVA being the most virulent to the human population. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an IVA surface protein that allows the virus to attach to host cell receptors and enter the cell. Here we have characterised the high-resolution structures of seven IVA HAs, with one in complex with the anti-influenza head-binding antibody C05. Our analysis revealed conserved receptor binding residues in all structures, as seen in previously characterised IV HAs. Amino acid conservation is more prevalent on the stalk than the receptor binding domain (RBD; also called the head domain), allowing the virus to escape from antibodies targeting the RBD. The equivalent site of C05 antibody binding to A/Denver/57 HA appears hypervariable in the other H1N1 IV HAs. Modifications within this region appear to disrupt binding of the C05 antibody, as these HAs no longer bind the C05 antibody by analytical SEC. Our study brings new insights into the structural and functional recognition of IV HA proteins and can contribute to further development of anti-influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Ghafoori
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Gayle F Petersen
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Deborah G Conrady
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Brandy M Calhoun
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Matthew Z Z Stigliano
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ruth O Baydo
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rena Grice
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Donald D Lorimer
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
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Jiao C, Wang B, Chen P, Jiang Y, Liu J. Analysis of the conserved protective epitopes of hemagglutinin on influenza A viruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1086297. [PMID: 36875062 PMCID: PMC9981632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved protective epitopes of hemagglutinin (HA) are essential to the design of a universal influenza vaccine and new targeted therapeutic agents. Over the last 15 years, numerous broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the HA of influenza A viruses have been isolated from B lymphocytes of human donors and mouse models, and their binding epitopes identified. This work has brought new perspectives for identifying conserved protective epitopes of HA. In this review, we succinctly analyzed and summarized the antigenic epitopes and functions of more than 70 kinds of bnAb. The highly conserved protective epitopes are concentrated on five regions of HA: the hydrophobic groove, the receptor-binding site, the occluded epitope region of the HA monomers interface, the fusion peptide region, and the vestigial esterase subdomain. Our analysis clarifies the distribution of the conserved protective epitope regions on HA and provides distinct targets for the design of novel vaccines and therapeutics to combat influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Pucheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zheng Z, Teo SHC, Arularasu SC, Liu Z, Mohd-Ismail NK, Mok CK, Ong CB, Chu JJH, Tan YJ. Contribution of Fc-dependent cell-mediated activity of a vestigial esterase-targeting antibody against H5N6 virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:95-110. [PMID: 31906790 PMCID: PMC6968706 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1708215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N6) virus has caused sporadic human infections with a high case fatality rate. Due to the continuous evolution of this virus subtype and its ability to transmit to humans, there is an urgent need to develop effective antiviral therapeutics. In this study, a murine monoclonal antibody 9F4 was shown to display broad binding affinity against H5Nx viruses. Furthermore, 9F4 can neutralize H5N6 pseudotyped particles and prevent entry into host cells. Additionally, ADCC/ADCP deficient L234A, L235A (LALA) and CDC deficient K322A mutants were generated and displayed comparable binding affinity and neutralizing activity as wild type 9F4 (9F4-WT). Notably, 9F4-WT, 9F4-LALA and 9F4-K322A exhibit in vivo protective efficacies against H5N6 infections in that they were able to reduce viral loads in mice. However, only 9F4-WT and 9F4-K322A but not 9F4-LALA were able to reduce viral pathogenesis in H5N6 challenged mice. Furthermore, depletion of phagocytic cells in mice lungs nullifies 9F4-WT's protection against H5N6 infections, suggesting a crucial role of the host's immune cells in 9F4 antiviral activity. Collectively, these findings reveal the importance of ADCC/ADCP function for 9F4-WT protection against HPAIV H5N6 and demonstrate the potential of 9F4 to confer protection against the reassortant H5-subtype HPAIVs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Influenza A virus/chemistry
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Phagocytosis
- Protein Domains
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Hui Catherine Teo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suganya Cheyyatraivendran Arularasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhehao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Khairiah Mohd-Ismail
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Keng Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang-hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Jang YH, Seong BL. The Quest for a Truly Universal Influenza Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:344. [PMID: 31649895 PMCID: PMC6795694 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet public health need for a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) to provide broad and durable protection from influenza virus infections. The identification of broadly protective antibodies and cross-reactive T cells directed to influenza viral targets present a promising prospect for the development of a UIV. Multiple targets for cross-protection have been identified in the stalk and head of hemagglutinin (HA) to develop a UIV. Recently, neuraminidase (NA) has received significant attention as a critical component for increasing the breadth of protection. The HA stalk-based approaches have shown promising results of broader protection in animal studies, and their feasibility in humans are being evaluated in clinical trials. Mucosal immune responses and cross-reactive T cell immunity across influenza A and B viruses intrinsic to live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have emerged as essential features to be incorporated into a UIV. Complementing the weakness of the stand-alone approaches, prime-boost vaccination combining HA stalk, and LAIV is under clinical evaluation, with the aim to increase the efficacy and broaden the spectrum of protection. Preexisting immunity in humans established by prior exposure to influenza viruses may affect the hierarchy and magnitude of immune responses elicited by an influenza vaccine, limiting the interpretation of preclinical data based on naive animals, necessitating human challenge studies. A consensus is yet to be achieved on the spectrum of protection, efficacy, target population, and duration of protection to define a “universal” vaccine. This review discusses the recent advancements in the development of UIVs, rationales behind cross-protection and vaccine designs, and challenges faced in obtaining balanced protection potency, a wide spectrum of protection, and safety relevant to UIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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van der Lubbe JEM, Verspuij JWA, Huizingh J, Schmit-Tillemans SPR, Tolboom JTBM, Dekking LEHA, Kwaks T, Brandenburg B, Meijberg W, Zahn RC, Roozendaal R, Kuipers H. Mini-HA Is Superior to Full Length Hemagglutinin Immunization in Inducing Stem-Specific Antibodies and Protection Against Group 1 Influenza Virus Challenges in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2350. [PMID: 30369928 PMCID: PMC6194913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccines are updated almost annually to match the antigenic drift in influenza hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein. A new HA stem-based antigen, the so-called “mini-HA,” was recently shown to induce cross-protective antibodies. However, cross-reactive antibodies targeting the HA stem can also be found in mice and humans after administration of seasonal vaccine. This has raised the question whether in similar conditions such a mini-HA would be able to show an increased breadth of protection over immunization with full length (FL) HA. We show in mice that in a direct comparison to H1 FL HA, using the same immunization regimen, dosing and adjuvant, a group 1 mini-HA has a higher protective efficacy against group 1 influenza virus challenges not homologous to the H1 FL HA. Although both antigens induce a similar breadth of HA subtype binding, mini-HA immunization induces significantly more HA stem-specific antibodies correlating with survival. In addition, both mini-HA and H1 FL HA immunization induce influenza neutralizing antibodies while mini-HA induces significantly higher levels of mFcγRIII activation, involved in Fc-mediated antibody effector functions. In agreement with previous findings, this confirms that more than one mechanism contributes to protection against influenza. Together our results further warrant the development of a universal influenza vaccine based on the HA stem region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E M van der Lubbe
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan W A Verspuij
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Huizingh
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen T B M Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth E H A Dekking
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ted Kwaks
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Börries Brandenburg
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim Meijberg
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roland C Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Roozendaal
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harmjan Kuipers
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Leiden, Netherlands
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6
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The Vestigial Esterase Domain of Haemagglutinin of H5N1 Avian Influenza A Virus: Antigenicity and Contribution to Viral Pathogenesis. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030053. [PMID: 30103381 PMCID: PMC6161130 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial attempts to develop monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics to resolve influenza infections focused mainly on searching for antibodies with the potential to neutralise the virus in vitro with classical haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralisation assays. This led to the identification of many antibodies that bind to the head domain of haemagglutinin (HA), which generally have potent neutralisation capabilities that block viral entry or viral membrane fusion. However, this class of antibodies has a narrow breadth of protection in that they are usually strain-specific. This led to the emphasis on stalk-targeting antibodies, which are able to bind a broad range of viral targets that span across different influenza subtypes. Recently, a third class of antibodies targeting the vestigial esterase (VE) domain have been characterised. In this review, we describe the key features of neutralising VE-targeting antibodies and compare them with head- and stalk-class antibodies.
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7
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Bangaru S, Zhang H, Gilchuk IM, Voss TG, Irving RP, Gilchuk P, Matta P, Zhu X, Lang S, Nieusma T, Richt JA, Albrecht RA, Vanderven HA, Bombardi R, Kent SJ, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Crowe JE. A multifunctional human monoclonal neutralizing antibody that targets a unique conserved epitope on influenza HA. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2669. [PMID: 29991715 PMCID: PMC6039445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high rate of antigenic drift in seasonal influenza viruses necessitates frequent changes in vaccine composition. Recent seasonal H3 vaccines do not protect against swine-origin H3N2 variant (H3N2v) strains that recently have caused severe human infections. Here, we report a human VH1-69 gene-encoded monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated H3v-47 that exhibits potent cross-reactive neutralization activity against human and swine H3N2 viruses that circulated since 1989. The crystal structure and electron microscopy reconstruction of H3v-47 Fab with the H3N2v hemagglutinin (HA) identify a unique epitope spanning the vestigial esterase and receptor-binding subdomains that is distinct from that of any known neutralizing antibody for influenza A H3 viruses. MAb H3v-47 functions largely by blocking viral egress from infected cells. Interestingly, H3v-47 also engages Fcγ receptor and mediates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This newly identified conserved epitope can be used in design of novel immunogens for development of broadly protective H3 vaccines. Broadly neutralizing antibodies are potential therapeutics and can aid rational vaccine development. Here, the authors show that the human monoclonal antibody H3v-47 recognizes a highly conserved epitope in HA of H3N2 viruses, inhibits virus replication by blocking egress and other mechanisms, and protects mice from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bangaru
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Iuliia M Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Thomas G Voss
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ryan P Irving
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pranathi Matta
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shanshan Lang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Travis Nieusma
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Randy A Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sina, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hillary A Vanderven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robin Bombardi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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