1
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He C, Guo Z, Zhang H, Yang G, Gao J, Mo Z. Identification and validation of methylation-CpG prognostic signature for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1733-1749. [PMID: 38244582 PMCID: PMC10866447 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic biomarkers help predict the prognosis of cancer patients and evaluating the clinical outcome of immunization therapy. In this study, we present a personalized gene methylation-CpG signature to enhance the accuracy of survival prediction for individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Utilizing RNA sequencing and methylation datasets from GEO as well as TCGA, we conducted single sample GSEA (ssGSEA), WGCNA, as well as Cox regression. Through these analyses, we identified 175 oxidative stress and immune-related genes along with 4 CpG loci that are associated with the prognosis of HCC. Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic signature for HCC utilizing these 4 CpG sites, referred to as the HCC Prognostic Signature of Methylation-CpG sites (HPSM). Further investigation revealed an enrichment of immune-related signal pathways in the HPSM-low group, which demonstrated a positive correlation with better survival among HCC patients. Moreover, the methylation of the CpG sites in HPSM was found to be closely linked to drug sensitivity. In vitro experiments tentatively confirmed that promoter methylation regulated the expression of BMPER, one of the CpG sites within HPSM. The expression of BMPER was significantly correlated with cell death in the oxidative stress pathway, and overexpression of BMPER effectively inhibited HCC cell proliferation. Consequently, our findings suggest that HPSM is an independent predictive factor and holds promise for accurately predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei He
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Chandi Precision Medical Technology, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehao Guo
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Ganqing Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintao Gao
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijing Mo
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
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2
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Song GY, Huang XY, He MJ, Zhou HY, Li RT, Tian Y, Wang Y, Cheng ML, Chen X, Zhang RR, Zhou C, Zhou J, Fang XY, Li XF, Qin CF. A single amino acid substitution in the capsid protein of Zika virus contributes to a neurovirulent phenotype. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6832. [PMID: 37884553 PMCID: PMC10603150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows the African lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) displays a more severe neurovirulence compared to the Asian ZIKV. However, viral determinants and the underlying mechanisms of enhanced virulence phenotype remain largely unknown. Herein, we identify a panel of amino acid substitutions that are unique to the African lineage of ZIKVs compared to the Asian lineage by phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment. We then utilize reverse genetic technology to generate recombinant ZIKVs incorporating these lineage-specific substitutions based on an infectious cDNA clone of Asian ZIKV. Through in vitro characterization, we discover a mutant virus with a lysine to arginine substitution at position 101 of capsid (C) protein (termed K101R) displays a larger plaque phenotype, and replicates more efficiently in various cell lines. Moreover, K101R replicates more efficiently in mouse brains and induces stronger inflammatory responses than the wild type (WT) virus in neonatal mice. Finally, a combined analysis reveals the K101R substitution promotes the production of mature C protein without affecting its binding to viral RNA. Our study identifies the role of K101R substitution in the C protein in contributing to the enhanced virulent phenotype of the African lineage ZIKV, which expands our understanding of the complexity of ZIKV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yuan Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Yao Huang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Jiao He
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of System Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Ting Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Li Cheng
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071, Beijing, China.
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3
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Powell TJ, Jacobs A, Tang J, Cardenas E, Palath N, Daniels J, Boyd JG, Bergeron HC, Jorquera PA, Tripp RA. Microparticle RSV Vaccines Presenting the G Protein CX3C Chemokine Motif in the Context of TLR Signaling Induce Protective Th1 Immune Responses and Prevent Pulmonary Eosinophilia Post-Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122078. [PMID: 36560488 PMCID: PMC9785538 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer-by-layer microparticle (LbL-MP) fabrication was used to produce synthetic vaccines presenting a fusion peptide containing RSV G protein CX3C chemokine motif and a CD8 epitope of the RSV matrix protein 2 (GM2) with or without a covalently linked TLR2 agonist (Pam3.GM2). Immunization of BALB/c mice with either GM2 or Pam3.GM2 LbL-MP in the absence of adjuvant elicited G-specific antibody responses and M2-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Following challenge with RSV, mice immunized with the GM2 LbL-MP vaccine developed a Th2-biased immune response in the lungs with elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and a pulmonary influx of eosinophils. By comparison, mice immunized with the Pam3.GM2 LbL-MP vaccine had considerably lower to non-detectable levels of the Th2 cytokines and chemokines and very low numbers of eosinophils in the BAL fluid post-RSV challenge. In addition, mice immunized with the Pam3.GM2 LbL-MP also had higher levels of RSV G-specific IgG2a and IgG2b in the post-challenge BAL fluid compared to those immunized with the GM2 LbL-MP vaccine. While both candidates protected mice from infection following challenge, as evidenced by the reduction or elimination of RSV plaques, the inclusion of the TLR2 agonist yielded a more potent antibody response, greater protection, and a clear shift away from Th2/eosinophil responses. Since the failure of formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccines tested in the 1960s has been hypothesized to be partly due to the ablation of host TLR engagement by the vaccine and inappropriate Th2 responses upon subsequent viral infection, these findings stress the importance of appropriate engagement of the innate immune response during initial exposure to RSV G CX3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Powell
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Jacobs
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Edwin Cardenas
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Naveen Palath
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jennifer Daniels
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - James G. Boyd
- Artificial Cell Technologies, 5 Science Park, Suite 13, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Harrison C. Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Patricia A. Jorquera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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4
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Zhang D, Yang J, Zhao Y, Shan J, Wang L, Yang G, He S, Li E. RSV Infection in Neonatal Mice Induces Pulmonary Eosinophilia Responsible for Asthmatic Reaction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817113. [PMID: 35185908 PMCID: PMC8847141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Severe respiratory viral infection in early life is intimately associated with childhood recurrent wheezing and is a risk factor for asthma later in life. Although eosinophilic airway inflammation is an important trait in asthma of children, the roles of pulmonary eosinophils in the disease have been inadequately understood. Here, we show that RSV infection in neonatal mice causes eosinophilia after allergen stimulation. We showed that RSV infection in neonatal mice exacerbated allergic asthma to allergen stimulation that was accompanied with increased detection of eosinophils in the lungs. In addition, we also detected accumulation of ILC2, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages. Importantly, adoptive transfer of eosinophils from asthmatic mice with early-life RSV infection exacerbated pulmonary pathologies associated with allergic respiratory inflammation in naive mice in response to foreign antigen. The induction of asthmatic symptoms including AHR, tracheal wall thickening, and mucus production became more severe after further stimulation in those mice. The expression of antigen presentation-related molecules like CD80, CD86, and especially MHC II was markedly induced in eosinophils from OVA-stimulated asthmatic mice. The accumulation of CD4+ T cells in the lungs was also significantly increased as a result of adoptive transfer of eosinophils. Importantly, the deterioration of lung pathology caused by adoptive transfer could be effectively attenuated by treatment with indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Our findings highlight the significance of eosinophil-mediated proinflammatory response in allergic disease associated with early-life infection of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Medical Virology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Centre of Pediatric Diseases, College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Susu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Yancheng Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Erguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Medical Virology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Dynamic Host Immune and Transcriptomic Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Vaccination-Challenge Mouse Model. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1327-1340. [PMID: 34138405 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Inactivated RSV vaccine was developed in the late 1960's, but the vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) occurred to vaccinated infants upon subsequent natural RSV infection. The excessive inflammatory immunopathology in the lungs might be involved in the VED, but the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we utilized UV-inactivated RSV in the prime/boost approach followed by RSV challenge in BALB/c mice to mimic RSV VED. The dynamic virus load, cytokines, histology and transcriptome profiles in lung tissues of mice were investigated from day 1 to day 6 post-infection. Compared to PBS-treated mice, UV-RSV vaccination leads to a Th2 type inflammatory response characterized by enhanced histopathology, reduced Treg cells and increased IL4+CD4 T cells in the lung. Enhanced production of several Th2 type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) and TGF-β, reduction of IL-6 and IL-17 were observed in UV-RSV vaccinated mice. A total of 5582 differentially expressed (DE) genes between PBS-treated or vaccinated mice and naïve mice were identified by RNA-Seq. Eleven conserved high-influential modules (HMs) were recognized, majorly grouped into regulatory networks related to cell cycle and cell metabolism, signal transduction, immune and inflammatory responses. At an early time post-infection, the vaccinated mice showed obvious decreased expression patterns of DE genes in 11 HMs compared to PBS-treated mice. The extracellular matrix (HM5) and immune responses (HM8) revealed tremendous differences in expression and regulation characteristics of transcripts between PBS-treated and vaccinated mice at both early and late time points. The highly connected genes in HM5 and HM8 networks were further validated by RT-qPCR. These findings reveal the relationship between RSV VED and immune responses, which could benefit the development of novel RSV vaccines.
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6
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Mann M, Brasier AR. Evolution of proteomics technologies for understanding respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:379-394. [PMID: 34018899 PMCID: PMC8277732 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1931130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major human pathogen associated with long term morbidity. RSV replication occurs primarily in the epithelium, producing a complex cellular response associated with acute inflammation and long-lived changes in pulmonary function and allergic disease. Proteomics approaches provide important insights into post-transcriptional regulatory processes including alterations in cellular complexes regulating the coordinated innate response and epigenome.Areas covered: Peer-reviewed proteomics studies of host responses to RSV infections and proteomics techniques were analyzed. Methodologies identified include 1)." bottom-up" discovery proteomics, 2). Organellar proteomics by LC-gel fractionation; 3). Dynamic changes in protein interaction networks by LC-MS; and 4). selective reaction monitoring MS. We introduce recent developments in single-cell proteomics, top-down mass spectrometry, and photo-cleavable surfactant chemistries that will have impact on understanding how RSV induces extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and airway remodeling.Expert opinion: RSV replication induces global changes in the cellular proteome, dynamic shifts in nuclear proteins, and remodeling of epigenetic regulatory complexes linked to the innate response. Pathways discovered by proteomics technologies have led to deeper mechanistic understanding of the roles of heat shock proteins, redox response, transcriptional elongation complex remodeling and ECM secretion remodeling in host responses to RSV infections and pathological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Mann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Hu M, Bogoyevitch MA, Jans DA. Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection on Host Functions: Implications for Antiviral Strategies. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1527-1594. [PMID: 32216549 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of viral respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised worldwide, causing more deaths each year than influenza. Years of research into RSV since its discovery over 60 yr ago have elucidated detailed mechanisms of the host-pathogen interface. RSV infection elicits widespread transcriptomic and proteomic changes, which both mediate the host innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, and reflect RSV's ability to circumvent the host stress responses, including stress granule formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death. The combination of these events can severely impact on human lungs, resulting in airway remodeling and pathophysiology. The RSV membrane envelope glycoproteins (fusion F and attachment G), matrix (M) and nonstructural (NS) 1 and 2 proteins play key roles in modulating host cell functions to promote the infectious cycle. This review presents a comprehensive overview of how RSV impacts the host response to infection and how detailed knowledge of the mechanisms thereof can inform the development of new approaches to develop RSV vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengJie Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Russell MS, Creskey M, Muralidharan A, Li C, Gao J, Chen W, Larocque L, Lavoie JR, Farnsworth A, Rosu-Myles M, Hashem AM, Yauk CL, Cao J, Van Domselaar G, Cyr T, Li X. Unveiling Integrated Functional Pathways Leading to Enhanced Respiratory Disease Associated With Inactivated Respiratory Syncytial Viral Vaccine. Front Immunol 2019; 10:597. [PMID: 30984178 PMCID: PMC6449435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a severe threat to young children and the elderly. Despite decades of research, no vaccine has been approved. Notably, instead of affording protection, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine induced severe respiratory disease including deaths in vaccinated children in a 1960s clinical trial; however, recent studies indicate that other forms of experimental vaccines can also induce pulmonary pathology in pre-clinical studies. These findings suggest that multiple factors/pathways could be involved in the development of enhanced respiratory diseases. Clearly, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adverse reactions is critically important for the development of safe and efficacious vaccines against RSV infection, given the exponential growth of RSV vaccine clinical trials in recent years. By employing an integrated systems biology approach in a pre-clinical cotton rat model, we unraveled a complex network of pulmonary canonical pathways leading to disease development in vaccinated animals upon subsequent RSV infections. Cytokines including IL-1, IL-6 GRO/IL-8, and IL-17 in conjunction with mobilized pulmonary inflammatory cells could play important roles in disease development, which involved a wide range of host responses including exacerbated pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperreactivity, and homeostatic imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Moreover, the observed elevated levels of MyD88 implicate the involvement of this critical signal transduction module as the central node of the inflammatory pathways leading to exacerbated pulmonary pathology. Finally, the immunopathological consequences of inactivated vaccine immunization and subsequent RSV exposure were further substantiated by histological analyses of these key proteins along with inflammatory cytokines, while hypercoagulation was supported by increased pulmonary fibrinogen/fibrin accompanied by reduced levels of plasma D-dimers. Enhanced respiratory disease associated with inactivated RSV vaccine involves a complex network of host responses, resulting in significant pulmonary lesions and clinical manifestations such as tachypnea and airway obstruction. The mechanistic insight into the convergence of different signal pathways and identification of biomarkers could help facilitate the development of safe and effective RSV vaccine and formulation of new targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha S Russell
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marybeth Creskey
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Abenaya Muralidharan
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Larocque
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie R Lavoie
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Farnsworth
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Vaccines, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch (HECSB), Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Terry Cyr
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB), Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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9
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Hägglund S, Blodörn K, Näslund K, Vargmar K, Lind SB, Mi J, Araínga M, Riffault S, Taylor G, Pringle J, Valarcher JF. Proteome analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage from calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus-Insights in pathogenesis and perspectives for new treatments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186594. [PMID: 29036182 PMCID: PMC5643112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSV/BRSV) are major causes of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children and calves, respectively. Shared epidemiological, clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of these viruses make comparative research highly relevant. To characterise the host response against BRSV infection, bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant (BAL) from i) non-vaccinated, BRSV-infected ii) vaccinated, BRSV-infected and iii) non-infected calves was analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins were semi-quantified and protein expression was validated by immunoblotting. Correlations between selected proteins and pathology, clinical signs and virus shedding were investigated. Calves with BRSV-induced disease had increased total protein concentrations and a decreased number of proteins identified in BAL. The protein profile was characterised by neutrophil activation and a reduction in identified antioxidant enzymes. The presence of neutrophils in alveolar septa, the expression level of neutrophil-related or antioxidant proteins and LZTFL1 correlated significantly with disease. Citrullinated histone 3, an indicator of extracellular traps (ETs), was only detected in non-vaccinated, BRSV-infected animals. By bringing disequilibrium in the release and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, generating ETs and causing elastine degradation, exaggerated neutrophil responses might exacerbate RSV-induced disease. Neutrophil-mitigating or antioxidant treatments should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hägglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Krister Blodörn
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Näslund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Vargmar
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala, Sweden
- Binzhou Medical University, Medicine and Pharmarcy Research Center, Yantai, China
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sabine Riffault
- INRA, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Geraldine Taylor
- The Pirbright Institute Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - John Pringle
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean François Valarcher
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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van Ooijen MP, Jong VL, Eijkemans MJC, Heck AJR, Andeweg AC, Binai NA, van den Ham HJ. Identification of differentially expressed peptides in high-throughput proteomics data. Brief Bioinform 2017; 19:971-981. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor L Jong
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, Julius Center, UMC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marinus J C Eijkemans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | - Arno C Andeweg
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nadine A Binai
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Group, Utrecht University, Netherlands
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11
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Muralidharan A, Li C, Wang L, Li X. Immunopathogenesis associated with formaldehyde-inactivated RSV vaccine in preclinical and clinical studies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:351-360. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1260452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abenaya Muralidharan
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Viral Vaccine III, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologics, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Jong VL, Ahout IML, van den Ham HJ, Jans J, Zaaraoui-Boutahar F, Zomer A, Simonetti E, Bijl MA, Brand HK, van IJcken WFJ, de Jonge MI, Fraaij PL, de Groot R, Osterhaus ADME, Eijkemans MJ, Ferwerda G, Andeweg AC. Transcriptome assists prognosis of disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus infected infants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36603. [PMID: 27833115 PMCID: PMC5105123 DOI: 10.1038/srep36603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes infections that range from common cold to severe lower respiratory tract infection requiring high-level medical care. Prediction of the course of disease in individual patients remains challenging at the first visit to the pediatric wards and RSV infections may rapidly progress to severe disease. In this study we investigate whether there exists a genomic signature that can accurately predict the course of RSV. We used early blood microarray transcriptome profiles from 39 hospitalized infants that were followed until recovery and of which the level of disease severity was determined retrospectively. Applying support vector machine learning on age by sex standardized transcriptomic data, an 84 gene signature was identified that discriminated hospitalized infants with eventually less severe RSV infection from infants that suffered from most severe RSV disease. This signature yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.966 using leave-one-out cross-validation on the experimental data and an AUC of 0.858 on an independent validation cohort consisting of 53 infants. A combination of the gene signature with age and sex yielded an AUC of 0.971. Thus, the presented signature may serve as the basis to develop a prognostic test to support clinical management of RSV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L. Jong
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M. L. Ahout
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jop Jans
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aldert Zomer
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten A. Bijl
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Kim Brand
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter L. Fraaij
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Veterinary University Hannover, Germany
| | - Marinus J. Eijkemans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno C. Andeweg
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Shi H, Ren K, Lv B, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tan RX, Li E. Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis blocks respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35851. [PMID: 27767097 PMCID: PMC5073294 DOI: 10.1038/srep35851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a remedy for inflammatory and infective diseases for thousands of years. We evaluated the antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, the leading cause of childhood infection and hospitalization. By fractionation and chromatographic analysis, we determined that baicalin was responsible for the antiviral activity of S. baicalensis against RSV infection. The concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of RSV infection was determined at 19.9 ± 1.8 μM, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was measured at 370 ± 10 μM. We then used a mouse model of RSV infection to further demonstrate baicalin antiviral effect. RSV infection caused significant lung injury and proinflammatory response, including CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte infiltration. Baicalin treatment resulted in reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration and gene expression of proinflammatory factors, while the treatment moderately reduced RSV titers recovered from the lung tissues. T lymphocyte infiltration and cytotoxic T lymphocyte modulated tissue damage has been identified critical factors of RSV disease. The study therefore demonstrates that baicalin subjugates RSV disease through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Shi
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baojie Lv
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Erguang Li
- Medical School and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Dapat C, Oshitani H. Novel insights into human respiratory syncytial virus-host factor interactions through integrated proteomics and transcriptomics analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:285-97. [PMID: 26760927 PMCID: PMC4819838 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1141676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The lack of vaccine and limited antiviral options against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) highlights the need for novel therapeutic strategies. One alternative is to develop drugs that target host factors required for viral replication. Several microarray and proteomics studies had been published to identify possible host factors that are affected during RSV replication. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RSV-host interaction, we integrated available proteome and transcriptome datasets and used it to construct a virus-host interaction network. Then, we interrogated the network to identify host factors that are targeted by the virus and we searched for drugs from the DrugBank database that interact with these host factors, which may have potential applications in repositioning for future treatment options of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Dapat
- a Department of Virology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi Prefecture , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- a Department of Virology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi Prefecture , Japan
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