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Furusawa T, Takayama E, Ishihara R, Hayashi Y. Double-stranded ribonuclease activity in the digestive juice and midgut of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90215-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dall DJ, Anzola JV, Xu ZK, Nuss DL. Structure-specific binding of wound tumor virus transcripts by a host factor: involvement of both terminal nucleotide domains. Virology 1990; 179:599-608. [PMID: 2238464 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90127-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A gel retardation assay was used to demonstrate binding of wound tumor virus transcripts by a protein component of leafhopper vector cell extracts. Comparative binding studies employing terminally modified and internally deleted transcripts established that the segment-specific inverted repeats present in the terminal domains of the viral transcripts were necessary but not sufficient for optimal binding. An additional involvement of internal sequences in either the formation or the stabilization of the binding complex was indicated. Results of competitive binding experiments confirmed the sequence- and structure-specificity of the protein-RNA interaction and revealed apparent differences in the ability of individual viral transcripts to form a stable binding complex. Possible implications of structure-specific interactions between wound tumor virus transcripts and a host component and the role of the terminal inverted repeats are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Dall
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, New Jersey 07110
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Haylock RW, Bevan EA. Characterisation of the LdsRNA encoded mRNA of yeast. Curr Genet 1981; 4:181-6. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00420496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1981] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nuss DL, Peterson AJ. In Vitro Synthesis and Modification of mRNA by Exvectorial Isolates of Wound Tumor Virus. J Virol 1981; 39:954-7. [PMID: 16789212 PMCID: PMC171330 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.954-957.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontransmissible (exvectorial) isolates of wound tumor virus retain the ability to catalyze in vitro synthesis of RNA. Furthermore, exvectorial virus particles exhibit mRNA-2′-
O
-methyltransferase activity even after long-term (30-year) passage in a host that lacks this enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Nuss
- Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
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Koltin Y, Steinlauf R. The killer phenomenon in Ustilago: electron microscopy of the dsRNA encapsidated in individual virus particles. Arch Microbiol 1980; 128:45-52. [PMID: 7458537 DOI: 10.1007/bf00422304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
From earlier studies with the Ustilago maydis virus and other dsRNA viruses it is known that discrete dsRNA segments typical of each virus are obtained by extraction. A variation exists with respect to the encapsidation of these segments among different viruses. The encapsidation of the genome in individual particles of the Ustilago virus was examined by electron microscopy after disruption of virus particles. The study included the P6 wild-type and 2 mutants containing only part of the genome. The results indicate that most virus particles of the wild-type and the mutants contain up to 12-14 X 10(6) daltons of dsRNA. Since the largest extracted molecule is 3.2 X 10(6) D these findings suggest that an individual particle may contain more than one segment of dsRNA. Free linear molecules that exceed in size the extracted segments were also found following the disruption of each of the 3 virus types examined. Thus, the viral genome seen segmented after extraction is organized as a concatamer in the capsid and each virus particle can contain an entire viral genome consisting of each type of the segments seen after extraction, a repeat of a single segment or a random assortment. In each case the information may be organized as a concatamer.
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Reddy DV, Black LM. Isolation and replication of mutant populations of wound tumor virions lacking certain genome segments. Virology 1977; 80:336-46. [PMID: 888350 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(77)80009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Reddy DV, Rhodes DP, Lesnaw JA, Macleod R, Banerjee AK, Black LM. In vitro transcription of wound tumor virus RNA by virion-associated RNA transcriptase. Virology 1977; 80:356-61. [PMID: 888351 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(77)80011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
An antiserum was prepared in rabbits to the synthetic double-stranded ribonucleic acid (ds RNA) poly rI:rC. Using a liquid-phase radioimmunoassay, the antiserum cross-reacted with a natural ds RNA isolated from the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, binding 95% of the RNA at a 1 : 20 serum dilution. Preliminary tests of the specificity of the antiserum showed that it did not bind single-stranded RNA (ss RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but also revealed that the serum contained an enzyme activity which degraded ss RNA into acid-insoluble fragments. It was therefore possible that the failure to bind ss RNA resulted from the degradation of the antigen rather than from an absence of cross-reacting antibodies. However, when the serum ribonuclease activity was inhibited by macaloid, the antiserum still did not bind the ss RNA antigen. This demonstrated that the antibodies to ds RNA did not cross-react with ss RNA. The existence of serum enzymes capable of degrading nucleic acid antigens emphasizes the need for caution in assessing the specificity of such antisera.
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Kawase S, Yamaguchi K. A polyhedrosis virus forming polyhedra in midgut-cell nucleus of silkworm, Bombyx mori. II. Chemical nature of the virion. J Invertebr Pathol 1974; 24:106-11. [PMID: 4604028 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(74)90169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Redolfi P, Boccardo G. Fractionation of the double-stranded RNA of maize rough dwarf virus subviral particles. Virology 1974; 59:319-22. [PMID: 4363586 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Sekiguchi K, Koide F. Characterization of avian reovirus ribonucleic acid. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1974; 46:156-66. [PMID: 4613322 DOI: 10.1007/bf01240215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Warrington RC, Hayward C, Kapuler AM. Conformational studies of reovirus single-stranded RNAs synethesized in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 331:231-42. [PMID: 4798025 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Furusawa T, Kawase S. Virus-specific RNA synthesis in the midgut of silkworm, Bombyx mori, infected with cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus. J Invertebr Pathol 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(73)90160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kalmakoff J, Payne CC. A simple method for the separation of single-stranded and double-stranded RNA on hydroxyapatite. Anal Biochem 1973; 55:26-33. [PMID: 4584872 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kawase S, Kawamoto F, Yamaguchi K. Studies on the polyhedrosis virus forming polyhedra in the midgut-cell nucleus of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(73)90144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Semancik JS, Vidaver AK, Van Etten JL. Characterization of segmented double-helical RNA from bacteriophage phi6. J Mol Biol 1973; 78:617-25. [PMID: 4357756 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Reddy DV, Black LM. Electrophoretic separation of all components of the double-stranded RNA of wound tumor virus. Virology 1973; 54:557-62. [PMID: 4725632 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Harley EH, White JS, Rees KR. The identification of different structural classes of nucleic acids by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels of different concentration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 299:253-63. [PMID: 4350385 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lewandowski LJ, Leppla SH. Comparison of the 3' termini of discrete segments of the double-stranded ribonucleic acid genomes of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, wound tumor virus, and reovirus. J Virol 1972; 10:965-8. [PMID: 4636396 PMCID: PMC356566 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.965-968.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3' terminal nucleosides of the isolated components of double-stranded ribonucleic acids of reovirus, wound tumor virus, and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus were determined by labeling with tritiated sodium borohydride. All wound tumor virus and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus components appear to contain approximately equal amounts of U(OH) and C(OH) termini. Reovirus segments have essentially only C(OH) termini.
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Lewandowski LJ, Traynor BL. Comparison of the structure and polypeptide composition of three double-stranded ribonucleic acid-containing viruses (diplornaviruses): cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, wound tumor virus, and reovirus. J Virol 1972; 10:1053-70. [PMID: 4636394 PMCID: PMC356577 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.1053-1070.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodination of reovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), and wound tumor virus (WTV), and their respective subviral forms, followed by analysis of the labeled polypeptides by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been used to compare the protein contents of these three diplornaviruses. This approach, when combined with electron microscopy and buoyant density determinations, appears capable of localizing individual polypeptides in some of the viral and subviral forms. CPV (p = 1.435 g/cm(3)) seems to resemble reovirus cores (p = 1.440 g/cm(3)) in both ultrastructure and polypeptide composition. CPV is composed of five polypeptides with molecular weights of about 151,000, 142,000, 130,000, 67,000, and 33,000. The polyhedral matrix, which in nature encapsulates the virions, is, in turn, composed mainly of two polypeptide species with molecular weights of about 30,000 and 20,000, and several minor proteins. The proteins of WTV consist mainly of four species of polypeptide with molecular weights of about 156,000, 122,000, 63,000, and 44,000, and several minor components. These molecular weight determinations are consistent with the hypothesis that, as has been suggested for reovirus, the viral proteins of CPV and WTV seem to be coded for by monocistronic mes senger RNA molecules transcribed from distinct segments of the double-stranded RNA viral genomes.
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Kelly RK, Loh PC. Electron microscopical and biochemical characterization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. J Virol 1972; 10:824-34. [PMID: 4117351 PMCID: PMC356539 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.10.4.824-834.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An electron microscopical and biochemical examination of the properties of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPN) and of its ribonucleic acid (RNA) was made. The buoyant density of IPN in CsCl was found to be 1.33 g/cm(3). Electron microscopical examination of the banded virus revealed structures similar in size (74 nm) and shape to reoviruses but lacking a characteristic inner capsid structure. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of IPN-RNA revealed a single non-segmented component of molecular weight 3.2 x 10(6). Its susceptibility to ribonuclease, base composition, and resistance to thermal denaturation indicated a single-stranded RNA structure. However, its sedimentation behavior (16S) independent of ionic strength in sucrose gradients, partial solubility in 2 m LiCl, and ribonuclease resistance in the presence of Mg(2+) suggest an unusual secondary structure of unknown nature. The accumulated data indicate that IPN virus does not belong to either the picornavirus or reovirus groups and may represent a new group of viruses.
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Furuichi Y, Miura K. The 3'-termini of the genome RNA segments of silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J Mol Biol 1972; 64:619-32. [PMID: 5022191 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wood HA, Bozarth RF. Properties of viruslike particles of Penicillium chrysogenum: one double-stranded RNA molecule per particle. Virology 1972; 47:604-9. [PMID: 4622292 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shatkin AJ. Viruses with segmented ribonucleic acid genomes: multiplication of influenza versus reovirus. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1971; 35:250-66. [PMID: 5114967 PMCID: PMC378389 DOI: 10.1128/br.35.3.250-266.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
It is possible to oxidize in situ the 3'-terminals of the double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) contained in structurally intact cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. The number of 3'-terminals subsequently found by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride was equivalent to the number observed in RNA first isolated from the virus and then oxidized and reduced. The viral RNA appears to occur in 10 distinct polynucleotide segments present in equimolar amounts.
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Abstract
Purified wound tumor virus was found to possess an associated ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcriptase. The product of transcriptase synthesis was shown to be single-stranded RNA which annealed specifically to wound tumor viral RNA.
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Millward S, Graham AF. Structural studies on reovirus: discontinuities in the genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 65:422-9. [PMID: 4313198 PMCID: PMC282920 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.65.2.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The double-stranded RNA genome of reovirus breaks reproducibly into ten segments upon extraction from purified virions. Reovirus-induced messenger RNA's formed in infected cells correspond in length to these ten genomic segments and some real structural and biological implication must be accorded to the ready manner in which the genome is fragmented on attempted isolation. In the present work we have posed the question whether the reovirus genome is a continuous, double-stranded molecule or whether there are discontinuities in the complementary strands of RNA that might constitute "weak points" in the structure. To answer this question, a method was developed to estimate the 3'-terminal nucleosides of RNA within intact virions. Approximately as many 3'-ends are free inside the virion as in RNA extracted from purified virus. Thus, the viral genome exists as a discontinuous structure inside the virus particle and both strands of the duplex are interrupted at intervals.
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