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Kuchino Y, Nishimura S, Smith RE, Furuichi Y. Homologous Terminal Sequences in the Double-Stranded RNA Genome Segments of Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus of the Silkworm Bombyx mori. J Virol 2010; 44:538-43. [PMID: 16789232 PMCID: PMC256297 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.44.2.538-543.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3'-terminal regions (20 to 32 residues) of the genome double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus were sequenced. The dsRNAs, which were labeled at their 3' termini by incubation with [5'-(32)P]pCp and T4 RNA ligase, were denatured and resolved into the plus and minus strands by agarose-urea gel electrophoresis. Ten single-stranded RNAs thus obtained from the five dsRNA segments IV, V, VIII, IX, and X were sequenced by postlabeling methods. Common 3'-terminal sequences, -GUUAGCC and -UUACU, were found in the plus and minus strands, respectively, of all five dsRNA segments. However, adjacent sequences diverged and were considerably variable. The homologous sequences found in the 3' end may be important recognition signals for viral RNA polymerases and for assembly of the genome segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuchino
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Kalmakoff J, Lewandowski LJ, Black DR. Comparison of the ribonucleic Acid subunits of reovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, and wound tumor virus. J Virol 2010; 4:851-6. [PMID: 16789117 PMCID: PMC375948 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.4.6.851-856.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) from intact cytoplasmic polynedrosis virus (CPV) and wound tumor virus (WTV) was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using RNA from type 3 reovirus as a standard, it was calculated that CPV-RNA consisted of 9 subunits corresponding to a molecular weight of 12.7 x 10(6) and WTV-RNA consisted of 12 subunits corresponding to a molecular weight of 15.5 x 10(6).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalmakoff
- Department of Molecular Biology and Virus Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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3
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Smith RE, Furuichi Y. Gene mapping of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm by the full-length mRNA prepared under optimized conditions of transcription in vitro. Virology 2008; 103:279-90. [PMID: 18631652 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/1980] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral mRNA synthesis by the RNA polymerase associated with purified cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was studied. The formation of full-length mRNA products was facilitated by including in the reaction mixture 100 mM sodium acetate, high concentrations of ribonucleoside triphosphates, and proteinase K. The 10 different species of CPV mRNAS were resolved into 9 discrete RNA bands by agarose gel electrophoresis at pH 3.5 in buffer containing 7 M urea. Each purified viral mRNA hybridized specifically to one of the viral genome segments which were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into the 10 species of dsRNA. The relationship between the genome segments and their cognate mRNAs synthesized in vitro is thus established. Under optimal conditions of mRNA synthesis each of the genome segments was transcribed at a similar rate as determined from the yield of individual separated mRNA species. A recycling model of genome-associated RNA polymerase for viral transcription is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Smith
- Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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4
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Yazaki K, Miura K. Relation of the structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and the synthesis of its messenger RNA. Virology 2008; 105:467-79. [PMID: 18631679 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/1980] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was observed under an electron microscope using a combination of staining and shadowing methods. Projections, not only in positions horizontal to the grid but also vertical, were clearly visualized. When the particle was mildly disrupted with EDTA, genome dsRNA was released from a projection. If the particle was previously fixed with glutaraldehyde and then disrupted, dsRNA was released with a protein particle, which seemed to correspond to the base part of the projection. The protein particle was in most cases at the end of the strand, which sometimes takes a supercoiled structure. When CPV was incubated during mRNA synthesis, the protein particles appeared in various positions along the strands, and loop formations of dsRNA appeared. From these observations, we suggest that transcription in this virus particle proceeds as follows: genome dsRNA is transcribed by passing through the base part of the projection, where the enzymes for mRNA synthesis are located. A completed mRNA is released from the virion at the projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yazaki
- Hepatitis Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
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5
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Yu X, Lu X, Zhang Q, Jakana J, Chen DH, Zhang X, Zhou ZH. Visualization of protein-RNA interactions in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J Virol 1999; 73:1624-9. [PMID: 9882369 PMCID: PMC103988 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.2.1624-1629.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the multiple-shelled organization of other Reoviridae members, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) has a single-shelled capsid. The three-dimensional structures of full and empty CPV by electron cryomicroscopy show identical outer shells but differ inside. The outer surface reveals a T=1 icosahedral shell decorated with spikes at its icosahedral vertices. The internal space of the empty CPV is unoccupied except for 12 mushroom-shaped densities attributed to the transcriptional enzyme complexes. The ordered double-stranded RNA inside the full capsid forms spherical shells spaced 25 A apart. The RNA-protein interactions suggest a mechanism for RNA transcription and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Yazaki K, Mizuno A, Sano T, Fujii H, Miura K. A new method for extracting circular and supercoiled genome segments from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J Virol Methods 1986; 14:275-83. [PMID: 3539959 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(86)90029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The genome of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) consisting of 10 segments was extracted by a new two-step extraction method. The results from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, phenol and diepoxybutane treatment and electron microscopic examination indicated the extracted genome segments to have circular and supercoiled structures as genome-protein(s) complexes. Multiple cycles of the transcription of each segmented genome of CPV may take place on the circular structure of the segment.
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7
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Treton B, Le Dall MT, Heslot H. In vitro RNA synthesis by viruses isolated from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Biochimie 1986; 68:991-9. [PMID: 3091094 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(86)80042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Viruses isolated from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica possess a DNA-independent RNA polymerase activity which is inhibited by ethidium bromide and by sodium pyrophosphate but not by actinomycin D. RNA synthesis is maximum at pH 8.0 and at 30 degrees C. Newly synthesized RNA molecules are largely released from the particles, are single-stranded and are able to hybridize with denatured viral genomic RNA.
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8
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Sriskantha A, Wach MP, Schlagnhaufer B, Romaine CP. Synthesis of Double-Stranded RNA in a Virus-Enriched Fraction from
Agaricus bisporus. J Virol 1986; 57:1004-9. [PMID: 16789256 PMCID: PMC252833 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.1004-1009.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Partially purified virus preparations from sporophores of
Agaricus bisporus
affected with LaFrance disease had up to a 15-fold-higher RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity than did comparable preparations from healthy sporophores. Enzyme activity was dependent upon the presence of Mg
2+
and the four nucleoside triphosphates and was insensitive to actinomycin D, α-amanitin, and rifampin. The
3
H-labeled enzyme reaction products were double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as indicated by CF-11 cellulose column chromatography and by their ionic-strength-dependent sensitivity to hydrolysis by RNase A. The principal dsRNA products had estimated molecular weights of 4.3 × 10
6
and 1.4 × 10
6
; they corresponded in size and hybridized to the major dsRNAs detected in the virus preparation by ethidium bromide staining. Cs
2
SO
4
equilibrium centrifugation of the virus preparation resolved a single peak of RNA polymerase activity that banded with a 35-nm spherical virus particle containing dsRNAs with molecular weights of 4.3 × 10
6
and 1.4 × 10
6
. The data suggest that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with the 35-nm spherical virus is a replicase which catalyzes the synthesis of the genomic dsRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sriskantha
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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9
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10
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Smith R, Furuichi Y. A unique class of compound, guanosine-nucleoside tetraphosphate G(5‘)pppp(5‘)N, synthesized during the in vitro transcription of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Bombyx mori. Structural determination and mechanism of formation. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Smith RE, Morgan MA, Furuichi Y. Separation of the plus and minus strands of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and human reovirus double-stranded genome RNAs by gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res 1981; 9:5269-86. [PMID: 7029468 PMCID: PMC327519 DOI: 10.1093/nar/9.20.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The complementary strands of most of the genome double-stranded RNA segments of insect cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) and human reovirus are separated for the first time by agarose gel electrophoresis in in the presence of 7 M urea. CPV (+) strands and most reovirus (-) strands migrate faster than the corresponding strands of opposite polarity. Glyoxal treatment, which modifies guanine residues and prevents G-C basepairing, results in a loss of strand resolution and concomitantly a significant decrease in electrophoretic mobilities. Reovirus mRNAs synthesized in vitro with ITP substituted for GTP show similar decreased electrophoretic mobilities as the glyoxalated mRNAs. These results clearly indicate that the basis for (+) and (-) strand resolution is the presence of secondary structure formed mainly by G-C(U) base-pairs that are maintained during gel electrophoresis in the presence of 7 M urea. When the plus and minus strands of CPV genomes were separated and compared for protein synthesizing activity, it was found that only the plus strands were able to form stable 80S ribosome-RNA initiation complexes in wheat germ cell-free extracts.
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12
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Grancher-Barray S, Boisvert J, Belloncik S. Electrophoretic characterization of proteins and RNA of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) from Euxoa scandens. Arch Virol 1981; 70:55-61. [PMID: 7036955 DOI: 10.1007/bf01320793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was isolated from Euxoa scandens and propagated in vitro in Lymantria dispar cells. The virions and polyhedra were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polyhedra produced in vivo and in vitro contained six polypeptides with identical relative mobilities while nonoccluded viral particles produced in vivo were composed of four polypeptides. The RNA content of the purified virions extracted from infected midgut was resolved in ten segments with molecular weights similar to that of CPV type 5 RNA.
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13
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Furuichi Y. Allosteric stimulatory effect of S-adenosylmethionine on the RNA polymerase in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. A model for the positive control of eukaryotic transcription. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Welsh JD, Leibowitz MJ, Wickner RB. Virion DNA-independent RNA polymerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 1980; 8:2349-63. [PMID: 7003533 PMCID: PMC324086 DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.11.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The "killer" plasmid and a larger double-stranded RNA plasmid of yeast exist in intracellular virion particles. Purification of these particles from a diploid killer strain of yeast (grown into stationary growth on ethanol) resulted in co-purification of a DNA-independent RNA polymerase activity. This activity incorporates and requires all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and will not act on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. The reaction requires magnesium, is inhibited by sulfhydryl-oxidizing reagents and high concentrations of monovalent cation, but is insensitive to DNase, alpha-amanitin, and actinomycin D. Pyrophosphate inhibits the reaction as does ethidium bromide. Exogenous nucleic acids have no effect on the reaction. The product is mostly single-stranded RNA, some of which is released from the enzymatically active virions.
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15
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Wertheimer A, Chen S, Borchardt R, Furuichi Y. S-Adenosylmethionine and its analogs. Structural features correlated with synthesis and methylation of mRNAs of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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17
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18
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Payne CC, Mertens PP, Katagiri K. A comparative study of three closely related cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses. J Invertebr Pathol 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(78)90194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Reddy DV, Rhodes DP, Lesnaw JA, Macleod R, Banerjee AK, Black LM. In vitro transcription of wound tumor virus RNA by virion-associated RNA transcriptase. Virology 1977; 80:356-61. [PMID: 888351 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(77)80011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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21
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Ikegami M, Francki RI. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with subviral particles of Fiji disease virus. Virology 1976; 70:292-300. [PMID: 4920 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Cohen J. Ribonucletic acid polymerase activity in purified infectious pancreatic necrosis virus of trout. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 62:689-95. [PMID: 164186 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Miura K, Watanabe K, Sugiura M, Shatkin AJ. The 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded RNA of human reovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:3979-83. [PMID: 4530278 PMCID: PMC434310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of human reovirus double-stranded RNA were determined after labeling the RNA with [(32)P]phosphate by polynucleotide kinase. The 5' terminal were labeled to only a limited extent prior to sequential oxidation, beta-elimination, and phosphomonoesterase treatment, indicating that the terminal phosphates were in a modified, blocked configuration. Each genome segment, after removing the blocking group, contained the same two 5'-terminal sequences: GpApUp in one chain and G(*)pCp in the other. G(*)p is a derivative of guanylic acid, probably 2'-O-methyl-Gp, which renders the 5'-terminal sequence resistant to hydrolysis by alkali. The results indicate that the transcription of reovirus double-stranded RNA strats from the 3' end complementary to the G(*)pCp-terminal, resulting in the synthesis of single-stranded mRNA carrying the same 5' sequence as the G(*)pCp-chain. The presence of a modified nucleotide at the 5' terminus of the strand complementary to the mRNA template is a feature common to another double-stranded RNA virus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.
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24
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Shimotono K, Miura K. 5'-Terminal structure of messenger RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase of silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus containing double-stranded RNA. J Mol Biol 1974; 86:21-30. [PMID: 4605463 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(74)80004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Aspergillus/enzymology
- Base Sequence
- Bombyx
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient
- Chromatography
- Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose
- Chromatography, Gel
- DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Paper
- Insect Viruses/analysis
- Insect Viruses/metabolism
- Nucleotides/analysis
- Pancreas/enzymology
- Phosphorus Radioisotopes
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Ribonucleases
- Templates, Genetic
- Transcription, Genetic
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25
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Furuichi Y. "Methylation-coupled" transcription by virus-associated transcriptase of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus containing double-stranded RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:809-22. [PMID: 10793759 PMCID: PMC343382 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.6.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) activated the virus-associated RNA polymerase of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in vitro. Synthesis of single-stranded viral RNA (mRNA) proceeded depending on the presence of SAM.A methyl residue of SAM was incorporated into an RNA molecule. A ribose moiety of adenylic acid in the 5'-terminal region of the nascent RNA was methylated in the very early stage of the transcription. The dependence of the viral transcription on the presence of SAM and the methylation of terminal nucleotide suggests that the transcription of CPV is a "methylation-coupled" reaction.
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26
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Kalmakoff J, Payne CC. A simple method for the separation of single-stranded and double-stranded RNA on hydroxyapatite. Anal Biochem 1973; 55:26-33. [PMID: 4584872 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Van Etten JL, Vidaver AK, Koski RK, Semancik JS. RNA polymerase activity associated with bacteriophage phi 6. J Virol 1973; 12:464-71. [PMID: 4747635 PMCID: PMC356652 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.12.3.464-471.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas phaseolicola bacteriophage phi6 incorporated labeled UTP into an acid-insoluble precipitate. Incorporation was dependent on the presence of manganese acetate, ATP, GTP, CTP, and a short heat treatment of the phage; the reaction was stimulated by NH(4)Cl. The substitution of (14)C-ATP, -CTP or -GTP for UTP, together with the appropriate unlabeled ribonucleoside triphosphates, disclosed that CMP was incorporated to the greatest extent followed by GMP, UMP, and AMP. Radioactive RNAs formed by the reaction were resistant to RNases A and T(1) in high salt but susceptible to these nucleases in low salt. The labeled RNA co-sedimented and co-electrophoresed with phi6 double-stranded (ds) RNA. However, the distribution of the radioactivity into the three ds-RNA components varied depending on the (14)C-ribonucleoside triphosphate used in the reaction. The incorporation of UMP was primarily into the two smaller ds-RNA segments, GMP primarily into the large ds-RNA segment, and CMP and AMP were about equally distributed into all three ds-RNA segments.
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28
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29
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30
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Lewandowski LJ, Leppla SH. Comparison of the 3' termini of discrete segments of the double-stranded ribonucleic acid genomes of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, wound tumor virus, and reovirus. J Virol 1972; 10:965-8. [PMID: 4636396 PMCID: PMC356566 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.965-968.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3' terminal nucleosides of the isolated components of double-stranded ribonucleic acids of reovirus, wound tumor virus, and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus were determined by labeling with tritiated sodium borohydride. All wound tumor virus and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus components appear to contain approximately equal amounts of U(OH) and C(OH) termini. Reovirus segments have essentially only C(OH) termini.
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31
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Lewandowski LJ, Traynor BL. Comparison of the structure and polypeptide composition of three double-stranded ribonucleic acid-containing viruses (diplornaviruses): cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, wound tumor virus, and reovirus. J Virol 1972; 10:1053-70. [PMID: 4636394 PMCID: PMC356577 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.1053-1070.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodination of reovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), and wound tumor virus (WTV), and their respective subviral forms, followed by analysis of the labeled polypeptides by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been used to compare the protein contents of these three diplornaviruses. This approach, when combined with electron microscopy and buoyant density determinations, appears capable of localizing individual polypeptides in some of the viral and subviral forms. CPV (p = 1.435 g/cm(3)) seems to resemble reovirus cores (p = 1.440 g/cm(3)) in both ultrastructure and polypeptide composition. CPV is composed of five polypeptides with molecular weights of about 151,000, 142,000, 130,000, 67,000, and 33,000. The polyhedral matrix, which in nature encapsulates the virions, is, in turn, composed mainly of two polypeptide species with molecular weights of about 30,000 and 20,000, and several minor proteins. The proteins of WTV consist mainly of four species of polypeptide with molecular weights of about 156,000, 122,000, 63,000, and 44,000, and several minor components. These molecular weight determinations are consistent with the hypothesis that, as has been suggested for reovirus, the viral proteins of CPV and WTV seem to be coded for by monocistronic mes senger RNA molecules transcribed from distinct segments of the double-stranded RNA viral genomes.
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32
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Martin SA, Zweerink HJ. Isolation and characterization of two types of bluetongue virus particles. Virology 1972; 50:495-506. [PMID: 4344192 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Lewandowski LJ, Kimball PC, Knight CA. Separation of the infectious ribonucleic acid of potato spindle tuber virus from double-stranded ribonucleic acid of plant tissue extracts. J Virol 1971; 8:809-12. [PMID: 4332146 PMCID: PMC376265 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.5.809-812.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The infectious ribonucleic acid (RNA) of potato spindle tuber virus (PSTV) can be separated by hydroxyapatite chromatography from double-stranded RNA detectable in low amounts in both infected and uninfected plant tissue extracts. The chromatographic behavior of ribonuclease-sensitive PSTV RNA resembles that of transfer RNA.
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34
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Abstract
In addition to the previously described deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase, DNA ligase, DNA exonuclease, and DNA endonuclease activities, purified virions of Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SRV) have nucleotides and nucleotide kinase, phosphatase, hexokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities. The SRV virions have no glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. All enzyme activities, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase, were increased by disruption of the virions. The DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, and hexokinase activities had a higher specific activity in purified virion cores. It is suggested that during assembly virions of SRV may pick up cytoplasmic components which bind to virion proteins. The role of these components in viral replication is not known at present.
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35
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Salzman LA. DNA polymerase activity associated with purified Kilham rat virus. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 231:174-6. [PMID: 5281195 DOI: 10.1038/newbio231174a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Abstract
It is possible to oxidize in situ the 3'-terminals of the double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) contained in structurally intact cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. The number of 3'-terminals subsequently found by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride was equivalent to the number observed in RNA first isolated from the virus and then oxidized and reduced. The viral RNA appears to occur in 10 distinct polynucleotide segments present in equimolar amounts.
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Chow NL, Simpson RW. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with virions and subviral particles of myxoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:752-6. [PMID: 4325103 PMCID: PMC389035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.4.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro RNA synthesis is catalyzed by an enzyme found in purified virions of each of nine influenza strains tested. The extent of [(3)H]UTP incorporation observed is strain dependent, with an obligate requirement for Mn(2+) ions and RNA template. At least 30% of purified product RNA shows resistance to degradation by ribonuclease A and T1 before and after annealing with exogenous RNA from influenza virions.
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Abstract
Purified wound tumor virus was found to possess an associated ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcriptase. The product of transcriptase synthesis was shown to be single-stranded RNA which annealed specifically to wound tumor viral RNA.
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Banerjee AK, Shatkin AJ. Transcription in vitro by reovirus-associated ribonucleic acid-dependent polymerase. J Virol 1970; 6:1-11. [PMID: 5529847 PMCID: PMC376083 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.1.1-11.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestion of purified reovirus type 3 with chymotrypsin degrades 70% of the viral protein and converts the virions to subviral particles (SVP). The SVP contain 3 of the 6 viral structural proteins and all 10 double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome segments but not adenine-rich, single-stranded RNA. An RNA polymerase which is structurally associated with SVP transcribes one strand of each genome segment by a conservative mechanism in vitro. The single-stranded products include large (1.2 x 10(6) daltons), medium (0.7 x 10(6) daltons), and small (0.4 x 10(6) daltons) molecules which hybridize exclusively with the corresponding genome segments. The enzyme obtained by heating virions at 60 C synthesizes similar products. Kinetic and pulse-chase studies indicate that the different-sized products are synthesized simultaneously but at rates which are in the order: small > medium > large.
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Baltimore D, Huang AS, Stampfer M. Ribonucleic acid synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus, II. An RNA polymerase in the virion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 66:572-6. [PMID: 4317920 PMCID: PMC283083 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.66.2.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The virions of vesicular stomatitis virus contain an enzyme that catalyzes the incorporation of ribonucleotides into RNA. The product of the reaction is mainly RNA complementary in base sequence to that of vesicular stomatitis virus RNA.
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