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Sarkar M, Schilffarth S, Schams D, Meyer HHD, Berisha B. The Expression of Thrombopoietin and its Receptor During Different Physiological Stages in the Bovine Ovary. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 46:757-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Zhao X, Buehring GC. Natural genetic variations in bovine leukemia virus envelope gene: Possible effects of selection and escape. Virology 2007; 366:150-65. [PMID: 17498765 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic virus widespread in cattle. It belongs to the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae along with human and simian T-lymphotropic viruses. Here we report the addition of 28 new sequences to the current literature of 16 full-length BLV envelope gene sequences. The phylogenetic clustering, genotyping, and geographic distribution of BLV env variations corresponded in most cases. Most natural variations are mapped to the surface of the proposed conformational models of BLV gp51 N-terminus and gp30 external domain, overlapping with or adjacent to immunogenic epitopes. Analyses for evidence of possible selection pressures suggest the BLV env is under stringent negative selection overall, while strong positive selection is indicated for immunogenic epitope G. Natural env deletions bounded by similar flanking sequences were observed in multiple isolates and would result in truncated signal peptides, missing gp51, and aberrant coding frames for other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Zhao
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology, 3060 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
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3
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Tian E, Sawyer JR, Largaespada DA, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Shaughnessy JD. Evi27 encodes a novel membrane protein with homology to the IL17 receptor. Oncogene 2000; 19:2098-109. [PMID: 10815801 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evi27 is a common site of retroviral integration in BXH2 murine myeloid leukemias. Here we show that integration at Evi27 occurs in a CpG island approximately 6 kb upstream from a novel gene (designated Evii27) with homology to the IL17 receptor (Il17r) and that proviral integrations result in increased expression of the Evi27 protein on the cell surface. The human EVI27 homolog was also cloned and mapped to chromosome 3p21. Multiple Evi27 isoforms were detected at the RNA and protein level in both human and mouse, indicating that Evi27 expression is complex. Some of the isoforms are shown to likely represent secreted soluble forms of the protein produced by intron incorporation or by proteolytic cleavage. In the mouse, highest Evi27 expression occurs in liver and testes with lower expression in kidney and lung. In humans, EVI27 is expressed at high levels in the kidney, with moderate levels in the liver, brain, and testes. Within hematopoietic cells, Evi27 expression is restricted. Northern and Western analysis showed that Evi27 is expressed in selected T-cell, B-cell and myeloid cell lines. These results suggest that Evi27 expression is tightly regulated during hematopoietic differentiation. Collectively, these studies identify a new member of the cytokine receptor family whose increased and uncoordinated expression may lead to myeloid leukemia by altering Evi27's normal ability to control the growth and/or differentiation of hematopoietic cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Cloning, Molecular
- CpG Islands
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Cytokine
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-17
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Testis/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tian
- Arkansas Cancer Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA
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4
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Audit M, Déjardin J, Hohl B, Sidobre C, Hope TJ, Mougel M, Sitbon M. Introduction of a cis-acting mutation in the capsid-coding gene of moloney murine leukemia virus extends its leukemogenic properties. J Virol 1999; 73:10472-9. [PMID: 10559365 PMCID: PMC113102 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.12.10472-10479.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inoculation of newborn mice with the retrovirus Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) results in the exclusive development of T lymphomas with gross thymic enlargement. The T-cell leukemogenic property of Moloney MuLV has been mapped to the U3 enhancer region of the viral promoter. However, we now describe a mutant Moloney MuLV which can induce the rapid development of a uniquely broad panel of leukemic cell types. This mutant Moloney MuLV with synonymous differences (MSD1) was obtained by introduction of nucleotide substitutions at positions 1598, 1599, and 1601 in the capsid gene which maintained the wild-type (WT) coding potential. Leukemias were observed in all MSD1-inoculated animals after a latency period that was shorter than or similar to that of WT Moloney MuLV. Importantly, though, only 56% of MSD1-induced leukemias demonstrated the characteristic thymoma phenotype observed in all WT Moloney MuLV leukemias. The remainder of MSD1-inoculated animals presented either with bona fide clonal erythroid or myelomonocytic leukemias or, alternatively, with other severe erythroid and unidentified disorders. Amplification and sequencing of U3 and capsid-coding regions showed that the inoculated parental MSD1 sequences were conserved in the leukemic spleens. This is the first report of a replication-competent MuLV lacking oncogenes which can rapidly lead to the development of such a broad range of leukemic cell types. Moreover, the ability of MSD1 to transform erythroid and myelomonocytic lineages is not due to changes in the U3 viral enhancer region but rather is the result of a cis-acting effect of the capsid-coding gag sequence.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Capsid/genetics
- Capsid/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics
- Friend murine leukemia virus/physiology
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/physiology
- Genes, Viral
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/virology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/virology
- Mice
- Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics
- Moloney murine leukemia virus/physiology
- Mutagenesis
- Retroviridae Infections/pathology
- Retroviridae Infections/virology
- Terminal Repeat Sequences
- Tumor Virus Infections/pathology
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Audit
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), IFR24, CNRS-UMR5535, and Université Montpellier II, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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5
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Thomson AM, Roberts NA, Wood WG. Bb1-3, a transgenic hybrid cell line with erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation potential that expresses high levels of human gamma-globin and human beta-globin. Br J Haematol 1998; 102:976-85. [PMID: 9734648 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized a murine hybrid cell line, Bb1-3, generated by the fusion of mouse primary erythroblasts with MEL cells. It proliferated in serum-free medium and displayed a low level of spontaneous erythroid and megakaryocyte differentiation. Terminal erythroid differentiation could be induced with HMBA and DMSO and was enhanced by serum. Treatment with phorbol esters resulted in a high proportion of megakaryocytes and the expression of megakaryocytic specific lineage markers. Bb1-3 cells contain a human beta-globin transgene that was expressed at levels of 20-50% of the endogenous mouse globin genes. Initially, expression was largely limited to the beta-globin gene but after adaptation to serum free growth, equal expression of both the human gamma- and human beta-globin genes was observed. This cell line provides further evidence that the differentiation potential of mouse erythroleukaemia cells is not restricted to the erythroid lineage and should be useful to study the mechanisms underlying both developmental globin gene regulation and the terminal differentiation of bipotential erythroid/megakaryocytic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thomson
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital
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6
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Wolff L. Contribution of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to myeloid leukemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1332:F67-104. [PMID: 9196020 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(97)00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Wolff
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Ihle JN. Signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily in normal and transformed hematopoietic cells. Adv Cancer Res 1996; 68:23-65. [PMID: 8712070 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J N Ihle
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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8
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Courtois G, Bénit L, Mikaeloff Y, Pauchard M, Charon M, Varlet P, Gisselbrecht S. Constitutive activation of a variant of the env-mpl oncogene product by disulfide-linked homodimerization. J Virol 1995; 69:2794-800. [PMID: 7707501 PMCID: PMC188973 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.69.5.2794-2800.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative leukemia retrovirus (MPLV) has the v-mpl cellular sequences transduced in frame with the deleted and rearranged Friend murine leukemia virus env gene. The resulting env-mpl fusion oncogene is responsible for an acute myeloproliferative disorder induced in mice by MPLV. v-mpl is a truncated form of the c-mpl gene which encodes the receptor for thrombopoietin. We investigated the contribution of the Env-Mpl extracellular domain in the constitutive activation of this truncated cytokine receptor and found that the rearrangement of the env sequences in the env-mpl fusion gene was not required for oncogenicity. A pathogenic variant, DEL3MPLV, was generated, which differs from MPLV by the deletions of 22 amino acids of the Env signal peptide, all of the mature Env sequences, and 18 N-terminal amino acids of the v-Mpl extracellular domain. The resulting del3-mpl oncogene product conserves in its extracellular region the first 12 amino acids of the Env signal sequence including a cysteine residue, and 25 amino acids of the v-Mpl. We show here that a mutation converting this cysteine to a glycine completely abolishes del3-mpl oncogenicity and that the del3-mpl oncogene product is constitutively activated by disulfide-linked homodimerization.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Defective Viruses/genetics
- Disulfides/chemistry
- Female
- Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Products, env/chemistry
- Gene Products, env/genetics
- Genetic Variation
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Deletion
- Virulence/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G Courtois
- Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris V, Hôpital Cochin, France
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9
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Bénit L, Courtois G, Charon M, Varlet P, Dusanter-Fourt I, Gisselbrecht S. Characterization of mpl cytoplasmic domain sequences required for myeloproliferative leukemia virus pathogenicity. J Virol 1994; 68:5270-4. [PMID: 8035524 PMCID: PMC236472 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.68.8.5270-5274.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
v-mpl is a truncated form of a receptor-like chain which belongs to the cytokine receptor superfamily. This sequence has been transduced in the myeloproliferative leukemia virus as an env-mpl fusion gene responsible for an acute myeloproliferative disorder in mice. We constructed a series of viral mutants in the mpl sequence. Analysis of their oncogenic potential in vivo indicated that a critical 69-amino-acid-long cytoplasmic domain of v-Mpl is required for myoproliferative leukemia virus pathogenicity. We also developed an in vitro assay and showed that expression of the env-mpl gene confers growth factor independence to murine as well as to human hematopoietic growth factor-dependent cell lines. These findings strongly suggest that v-Mpl delivers a constitutive proliferative signal through a limited region of its cytoplasmic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bénit
- INSERM U363, ICGM, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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10
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Souyri M, Vigon I, Penciolelli JF, Heard JM, Tambourin P, Wendling F. A putative truncated cytokine receptor gene transduced by the myeloproliferative leukemia virus immortalizes hematopoietic progenitors. Cell 1990; 63:1137-47. [PMID: 2175677 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90410-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPLV) is an acute leukemogenic murine replication-defective retrovirus. By sequencing the envelope gene of a biologically active MPLV clone, we found that this region comprises a novel oncogene named v-mpl in phase with two parts of the Friend murine leukemia virus envelope gene. The MPLV env region could encode an env-mpl fusion polypeptide that presents the characteristics of a transmembrane protein. We show that in vitro infection of bone marrow cells with helper-free MPLV readily yields immortalized factor-independent hematopoietic cell lines of different lineages. In mice, the c-mpl proto-oncogene is expressed in hematopoietic tissues as a 3 kb mRNA. Since v-mpl shares strong structural analogies with the hematopoietin receptor superfamily, it is likely that MPLV has transduced a truncated form of an as yet unidentified hematopoietic growth factor receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Gene Library
- Genes, Viral
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muridae
- Oncogenes
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Souyri
- INSERM U 152 Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Le Coniat M, Souyri M, Vigon I, Wendling F, Tambourin P, Berger R. The human homolog of the myeloproliferative virus maps to chromosome band 1p34. Hum Genet 1989; 83:194-6. [PMID: 2550356 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human homologue of the recently isolated myeloproliferative leukemia virus, a retrovirus that induces myeloproliferative disorder in mouse, has been mapped in man to chromosome band 1p34 by in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Le Coniat
- Unité 301 INSERM and LOI CNRS-Centre G. Hayem, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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