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Zhang Y, Wen Z, Shi X, Liu YJ, Eriksson JE, Jiu Y. The diverse roles and dynamic rearrangement of vimentin during viral infection. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:134/5/jcs250597. [PMID: 33154171 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics caused by viral infections pose a significant global threat. Cytoskeletal vimentin is a major intermediate filament (IF) protein, and is involved in numerous functions, including cell signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, intracellular organization and cell migration. Vimentin has important roles for the life cycle of particular viruses; it can act as a co-receptor to enable effective virus invasion and guide efficient transport of the virus to the replication site. Furthermore, vimentin has been shown to rearrange into cage-like structures that facilitate virus replication, and to recruit viral components to the location of assembly and egress. Surprisingly, vimentin can also inhibit virus entry or egress, as well as participate in host-cell defense. Although vimentin can facilitate viral infection, how this function is regulated is still poorly understood. In particular, information is lacking on its interaction sites, regulation of expression, post-translational modifications and cooperation with other host factors. This Review recapitulates the different functions of vimentin in the virus life cycle and discusses how they influence host-cell tropism, virulence of the pathogens and the consequent pathological outcomes. These insights into vimentin-virus interactions emphasize the importance of cytoskeletal functions in viral cell biology and their potential for the identification of novel antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Naitow H, Hamaguchi T, Maki-Yonekura S, Isogai M, Yoshikawa N, Yonekura K. Apple latent spherical virus structure with stable capsid frame supports quasi-stable protrusions expediting genome release. Commun Biol 2020; 3:488. [PMID: 32887929 PMCID: PMC7474077 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Picorna-like plant viruses are non-enveloped RNA spherical viruses of ~30 nm. Part of the survival of these viruses depends on their capsid being stable enough to harbour the viral genome and yet malleable enough to allow its release. However, molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we report a structure of a picorna-like plant virus, apple latent spherical virus, at 2.87 Å resolution by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) with a cold-field emission beam. The cryo-EM map reveals a unique structure composed of three capsid proteins Vp25, Vp20, and Vp24. Strikingly Vp25 has a long N-terminal extension, which substantially stabilises the capsid frame of Vp25 and Vp20 subunits. Cryo-EM images also resolve RNA genome leaking from a pentameric protrusion of Vp24 subunits. The structures and observations suggest that genome release occurs through occasional opening of the Vp24 subunits, possibly suppressed to a low frequency by the rigid frame of the other subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Naitow
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Saori Maki-Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masamichi Isogai
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-chome 18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yoshikawa
- Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Ueda 3-chome 18-8, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan. .,Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.
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3
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Santoni M, Zampieri R, Avesani L. Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Vaccine Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:344-356. [PMID: 32048964 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200212100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, plant virus nanoparticles (pVNPs) are emerging as powerful tools in diverse applications ranging from biomedicine to materials science. The proteinaceous structure of plant viruses allows the capsid structure to be modified by genetic engineering and/or chemical conjugation with nanoscale precision. This means that pVNPs can be engineered to display peptides and proteins on their external surface, including immunodominant peptides derived from pathogens allowing pVNPs to be used for active immunization. In this context, pVNPs are safer than VNPs derived from mammalian viruses because there is no risk of infection or reversion to pathogenicity. Furthermore, pVNPs can be produced rapidly and inexpensively in natural host plants or heterologous production platforms. In this review, we discuss the use of pVNPs for the delivery of peptide antigens to the host immune in pre-clinical studies with the final aim of promoting systemic immunity against the corresponding pathogens. Furthermore, we described the versatility of plant viruses, with innate immunostimulatory properties, in providing a huge natural resource of carriers that can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Santoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona. Strada Le Grazie, 15. 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona. Strada Le Grazie, 15. 37134 Verona, Italy
- Diamante srl. Strada Le Grazie, 15. 37134 Verona, Italy
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4
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Lecorre F, Lai-Kee-Him J, Blanc S, Zeddam JL, Trapani S, Bron P. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of Broad Bean Stain Virus suggests a common capsid assembly mechanism among comoviruses. Virology 2019; 530:75-84. [PMID: 30782565 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Broad bean stain virus (BBSV) is a member of the genus Comovirus infecting Fabaceae. The virus is transmitted through seed and by plant weevils causing severe and widespread disease worldwide. BBSV has a bipartite, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome encapsidated in icosahedral particles. We present here the cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the BBSV and an atomic model of the capsid proteins refined at 3.22 Å resolution. We identified residues involved in RNA/capsid interactions revealing a unique RNA genome organization. Inspection of the small coat protein C-terminal domain highlights a maturation cleavage between Leu567 and Leu568 and interactions of the C-terminal stretch with neighbouring small coat proteins within the capsid pentameric turrets. These interactions previously proposed to play a key role in the assembly of the Cowpea mosaic virus suggest a common capsid assembly mechanism throughout all comovirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lecorre
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Joséphine Lai-Kee-Him
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- INRA, Virus Insect Plant Laboratory, Joint Research Unit UMR 385 BGPI, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Zeddam
- IRD, Cirad, Montpellier University, Joint Research Unit UMR 186 IPME, Montpellier, France.
| | - Stefano Trapani
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrick Bron
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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5
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Hesketh EL, Meshcheriakova Y, Thompson RF, Lomonossoff GP, Ranson NA. The structures of a naturally empty cowpea mosaic virus particle and its genome-containing counterpart by cryo-electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:539. [PMID: 28373698 PMCID: PMC5428714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a picorna-like plant virus. As well as an intrinsic interest in CPMV as a plant pathogen, CPMV is of major interest in biotechnology applications such as nanotechnology. Here, we report high resolution cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps of wild type CPMV containing RNA-2, and of naturally-formed empty CPMV capsids. The resolution of these structures is sufficient to visualise large amino acids. We have refined an atomic model for each map and identified an essential amino acid involved in genome encapsidation. This work has furthered our knowledge of Picornavirales genome encapsidation and will assist further work in the development of CPMV as a biotechnological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Hesketh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Yulia Meshcheriakova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Bale JB, Gonen S, Liu Y, Sheffler W, Ellis D, Thomas C, Cascio D, Yeates TO, Gonen T, King NP, Baker D. Accurate design of megadalton-scale two-component icosahedral protein complexes. Science 2016; 353:389-94. [PMID: 27463675 PMCID: PMC5485857 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature provides many examples of self- and co-assembling protein-based molecular machines, including icosahedral protein cages that serve as scaffolds, enzymes, and compartments for essential biochemical reactions and icosahedral virus capsids, which encapsidate and protect viral genomes and mediate entry into host cells. Inspired by these natural materials, we report the computational design and experimental characterization of co-assembling, two-component, 120-subunit icosahedral protein nanostructures with molecular weights (1.8 to 2.8 megadaltons) and dimensions (24 to 40 nanometers in diameter) comparable to those of small viral capsids. Electron microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, and x-ray crystallography show that 10 designs spanning three distinct icosahedral architectures form materials closely matching the design models. In vitro assembly of icosahedral complexes from independently purified components occurs rapidly, at rates comparable to those of viral capsids, and enables controlled packaging of molecular cargo through charge complementarity. The ability to design megadalton-scale materials with atomic-level accuracy and controllable assembly opens the door to a new generation of genetically programmable protein-based molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Bale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shane Gonen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Ellis
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chantz Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. UCLA-Department of Energy (DOE) Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Todd O Yeates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. UCLA-Department of Energy (DOE) Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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7
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Mechanisms of assembly and genome packaging in an RNA virus revealed by high-resolution cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10113. [PMID: 26657148 PMCID: PMC4682053 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus is a plant-infecting member of the Picornavirales and is of major interest in the development of biotechnology applications. Despite the availability of >100 crystal structures of Picornavirales capsids, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of capsid assembly and genome encapsidation. Here we have determined cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions for the wild-type virus and an empty virus-like particle, to 3.4 Å and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively, and built de novo atomic models of their capsids. These new structures reveal the C-terminal region of the small coat protein subunit, which is essential for virus assembly and which was missing from previously determined crystal structures, as well as residues that bind to the viral genome. These observations allow us to develop a new model for genome encapsidation and capsid assembly. Little is known about how the plant-infecting cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)—an invaluable tool in several biotechnology applications—packages its single-strand RNA genome into the capsid. Here the authors present two high-resolution cryo-EM structures of CPMV and a new model for RNA recognition and capsid assembly.
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8
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Balique F, Lecoq H, Raoult D, Colson P. Can plant viruses cross the kingdom border and be pathogenic to humans? Viruses 2015; 7:2074-98. [PMID: 25903834 PMCID: PMC4411691 DOI: 10.3390/v7042074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoviruses are highly prevalent in plants worldwide, including vegetables and fruits. Humans, and more generally animals, are exposed daily to these viruses, among which several are extremely stable. It is currently accepted that a strict separation exists between plant and vertebrate viruses regarding their host range and pathogenicity, and plant viruses are believed to infect only plants. Accordingly, plant viruses are not considered to present potential pathogenicity to humans and other vertebrates. Notwithstanding these beliefs, there are many examples where phytoviruses circulate and propagate in insect vectors. Several issues are raised here that question if plant viruses might further cross the kingdom barrier to cause diseases in humans. Indeed, there is close relatedness between some plant and animal viruses, and almost identical gene repertoires. Moreover, plant viruses can be detected in non-human mammals and humans samples, and there are evidence of immune responses to plant viruses in invertebrates, non-human vertebrates and humans, and of the entry of plant viruses or their genomes into non-human mammal cells and bodies after experimental exposure. Overall, the question raised here is unresolved, and several data prompt the additional extensive study of the interactions between phytoviruses and non-human mammals and humans, and the potential of these viruses to cause diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Balique
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR 407, Pathologie Végétale, 84140 Montfavet, France.
| | - Hervé Lecoq
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR 407, Pathologie Végétale, 84140 Montfavet, France.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
| | - Philippe Colson
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 3R198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Marseille, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France.
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9
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Ravantti J, Bamford D, Stuart DI. Automatic comparison and classification of protein structures. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Abstract
I recount the early influences that directed me toward a career in research and then describe some efforts investigating Cowpea mosaic virus and the satellite RNA of Tobacco ringspot virus. These descriptions have a common theme of surprise, how things often can be not as they are expected to be. Finally, I examine the widely held belief that a plant transgene derived from a distant taxonomic source presents a greater risk than a transgene derived from a closely related plant and contend that this also is a situation in which things may not be as they initially seem.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bruening
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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11
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Soto CM, Ratna BR. Virus hybrids as nanomaterials for biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:426-38. [PMID: 20688511 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current review describes advances in the field of bionanotechnology in which viruses are used to fabricate nanomaterials. Viruses are introduced as protein cages, scaffolds, and templates for the production of biohybrid nanostructured materials where organic and inorganic molecules are incorporated in a precise and a controlled fashion. Genetic engineering enables the insertion or replacement of selected amino acids on virus capsids for uses from bioconjugation to crystal growth. The variety of nanomaterials generated in rod-like and spherical viruses is highlighted for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), M13 bacteriophage, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). Functional biohybrid nanomaterials find applications in biosensing, memory devices, nanocircuits, light-harvesting systems, and nanobatteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa M Soto
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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12
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Petrzik K, Koloniuk I. Emerging viruses in the genus Comovirus. Virus Genes 2010; 40:290-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Koudelka KJ, Destito G, Plummer EM, Trauger SA, Siuzdak G, Manchester M. Endothelial targeting of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) via surface vimentin. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000417. [PMID: 19412526 PMCID: PMC2670497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant comovirus in the picornavirus superfamily, and is used for a wide variety of biomedical and material science applications. Although its replication is restricted to plants, CPMV binds to and enters mammalian cells, including endothelial cells and particularly tumor neovascular endothelium in vivo. This natural capacity has lead to the use of CPMV as a sensor for intravital imaging of vascular development. Binding of CPMV to endothelial cells occurs via interaction with a 54 kD cell-surface protein, but this protein has not previously been identified. Here we identify the CPMV binding protein as a cell-surface form of the intermediate filament vimentin. The CPMV-vimentin interaction was established using proteomic screens and confirmed by direct interaction of CPMV with purified vimentin, as well as inhibition in a vimentin-knockout cell line. Vimentin and CPMV were also co-localized in vascular endothelium of mouse and rat in vivo. Together these studies indicate that surface vimentin mediates binding and may lead to internalization of CPMV in vivo, establishing surface vimentin as an important vascular endothelial ligand for nanoparticle targeting to tumors. These results also establish vimentin as a ligand for picornaviruses in both the plant and animal kingdoms of life. Since bacterial pathogens and several other classes of viruses also bind to surface vimentin, these studies suggest a common role for surface vimentin in pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J. Koudelka
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Destito
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emily M. Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sunia A. Trauger
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Lin T, Cavarelli J, Johnson JE. Evidence for assembly-dependent folding of protein and RNA in an icosahedral virus. Virology 2003; 314:26-33. [PMID: 14517057 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ordered nucleic acid in an icosahedral virus was first visualized in the X-ray structure of the Picorna-like plant virus, Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Virus particles containing the 3500 nucleotide segment of the BPMV bipartite RNA genome (middle component) had nearly 20% of the genome ordered. Here we report the refined structures of the middle component, bottom component (particles containing the 5800 nucleotide segment of the genome), and top component (empty particles of BPMV capsid protein). The bottom component particles contain ordered RNA in the same location as middle component. Although the ordered RNA density in both nucleoprotein particles is the average of the contents of 60 icosahedral asymmetric units, both nucleoprotein components show that the base density for the first two nucleotides is predominantly purine, while the next five appear to be predominantly pyrimidine. The empty capsid demonstrates that RNA dictates the order of the N-terminal 19 residues of the large subunit because these residues are invisible in the top component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Integrative Molecular Biosciences, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Chapman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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Blanch EW, Hecht L, Syme CD, Volpetti V, Lomonossoff GP, Nielsen K, Barron LD. Molecular structures of viruses from Raman optical activity. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2593-2600. [PMID: 12237443 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) study of a range of different structural types of virus exemplified by filamentous bacteriophage fd, tobacco mosaic virus, satellite tobacco mosaic virus, bacteriophage MS2 and cowpea mosaic virus has revealed that, on account of its sensitivity to chirality, ROA is an incisive probe of their aqueous solution structures at the molecular level. Protein ROA bands are especially prominent from which, as we have shown by comparison with the ROA spectra of proteins with known structures and by using a pattern recognition program, the folds of the major coat protein subunits may be deduced. Information about amino acid side-chain conformations, exemplified here by the determination of the sign and magnitude of the torsion angle chi(2,1) for tryptophan in fd, may also sometimes be obtained. By subtracting the ROA spectrum of the empty protein capsid (top component) of cowpea mosaic virus from those of the intact middle and bottom-upper components separated by means of a caesium chloride density gradient, the ROA spectrum of the viral RNA was obtained, which revealed that the RNA takes up an A-type single-stranded helical conformation and that the RNA conformations in the middle and bottom-upper components are very similar. This information is not available from the X-ray crystal structure of cowpea mosaic virus since no nucleic acid is visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Blanch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK1
| | - Lutz Hecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK1
| | | | - Vito Volpetti
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK2
| | | | - Kurt Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, DTU 207, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark3
| | - Laurence D Barron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK1
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