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Gillespie W, Zhang Y, Ruiz OE, Cerda J, Ortiz-Guzman J, Turner WD, Largoza G, Sherman M, Mosser LE, Fujimoto E, Chien CB, Kwan KM, Arenkiel BR, Devine WP, Wythe JD. Multisite Assembly of Gateway Induced Clones (MAGIC): a flexible cloning toolbox with diverse applications in vertebrate model systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.13.603267. [PMID: 39026881 PMCID: PMC11257631 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.13.603267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we present the Multisite Assembly of Gateway Induced Clones (MAGIC) system, which harnesses site-specific recombination-based cloning via Gateway technology for rapid, modular assembly of between 1 and 3 "Entry" vector components, all into a fourth, standard high copy "Destination" plasmid backbone. The MAGIC toolkit spans a range of in vitro and in vivo uses, from directing tunable gene expression, to driving simultaneous expression of microRNAs and fluorescent reporters, to enabling site-specific recombinase-dependent gene expression. All MAGIC system components are directly compatible with existing multisite gateway Tol2 systems currently used in zebrafish, as well as existing eukaryotic cell culture expression Destination plasmids, and available mammalian lentiviral and adenoviral Destination vectors, allowing rapid cross-species experimentation. Moreover, herein we describe novel vectors with flanking piggyBac transposon elements for stable genomic integration in vitro or in vivo when used with piggyBac transposase. Collectively, the MAGIC system facilitates transgenesis in cultured mammalian cells, electroporated mouse and chick embryos, as well as in injected zebrafish embryos, enabling the rapid generation of innovative DNA constructs for biological research due to a shared, common plasmid platform.
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Sun S, Qin W, Tang X, Meng Y, Hu W, Zhang S, Qian M, Liu Z, Cao X, Pang Q, Zhao B, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Liu B. Vascular endothelium-targeted Sirt7 gene therapy rejuvenates blood vessels and extends life span in a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5556. [PMID: 32128409 PMCID: PMC7030934 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is a typical characteristic of aging, but its contributing roles to systemic aging and the therapeutic potential are lacking experimental evidence. Here, we generated a knock-in mouse model with the causative Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) LmnaG609G mutation, called progerin. The Lmnaf/f ;TC mice with progerin expression induced by Tie2-Cre exhibit defective microvasculature and neovascularization, accelerated aging, and shortened life span. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine lung endothelial cells revealed a substantial up-regulation of inflammatory response. Molecularly, progerin interacts and destabilizes deacylase Sirt7; ectopic expression of Sirt7 alleviates the inflammatory response caused by progerin in endothelial cells. Vascular endothelium-targeted Sirt7 gene therapy, driven by an ICAM2 promoter, improves neovascularization, ameliorates aging features, and extends life span in Lmnaf/f ;TC mice. These data support endothelial dysfunction as a primary trigger of systemic aging and highlight gene therapy as a potential strategy for the clinical treatment of HGPS and age-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Sun
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifeng Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuju Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zimei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Carson International Cancer Center, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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Huang X, Zhou G, Wu W, Duan Y, Ma G, Song J, Xiao R, Vandenberghe L, Zhang F, D'Amore PA, Lei H. Genome editing abrogates angiogenesis in vivo. Nat Commun 2017; 8:112. [PMID: 28740073 PMCID: PMC5524639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, in which vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 plays an essential role, is associated with a variety of human diseases including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and wet age-related macular degeneration. Here we report that a system of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease (Cas)9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) is used to deplete VEGFR2 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), whereby the expression of SpCas9 is driven by an endothelial-specific promoter of intercellular adhesion molecule 2. We further show that recombinant AAV serotype 1 (rAAV1) transduces ECs of pathologic vessels, and that editing of genomic VEGFR2 locus using rAAV1-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 abrogates angiogenesis in the mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroid neovascularization. This work establishes a strong foundation for genome editing as a strategy to treat angiogenesis-associated diseases. Abnormal angiogenesis causes many ocular diseases. Here the authors employ CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to silence VEGFR2, a major regulator of angiogenesis, in retinal endothelium and abrogate angiogenesis in the mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroid neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionggao Huang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Hainan Eye Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Guohong Zhou
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030002, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Yajian Duan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030002, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ru Xiao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Luk Vandenberghe
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Hu Y, O'Boyle K, Palmer D, Ng P, Sutton RE. High-level production of replication-defective human immunodeficiency type 1 virus vector particles using helper-dependent adenovirus vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15004. [PMID: 26029715 PMCID: PMC4444993 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer vectors based upon human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) are widely used in bench research applications and increasingly in clinical investigations, both to introduce novel genes but also to reduce expression of unwanted genes of the host and pathogen. At present, the vast majority of HIV-based vector supernatants are produced in 293T cells by cotransfection of up to five DNA plasmids, which is subject to variability and difficult to scale. Here we report the development of a HIV-based vector production system that utilizes helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd). All necessary HIV vector components were inserted into one or more HDAds, which were then amplified to very high titers of ~1013 vp/ml. These were then used to transduce 293-based cells to produce HIV-based vector supernatants, and resultant VSV G-pseudotyped lentiviral vector (LV) titers and total IU were 10- to 30-fold higher, compared to plasmid transfection. Optimization of HIV-based vector production depended upon maximizing expression of all HIV vector components from HDAd. Supernatants contained trace amounts of HDAd but were free of replication-competent lentivirus. This production method should be applicable to other retroviral vector systems. Scalable production of HIV-based vectors using this two-step procedure should facilitate their clinical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Hu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaitlin O'Boyle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Donna Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard E Sutton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Ogawa R, Morii A, Watanabe A, Cui ZG, Kagiya G, Fukuda S, Kume K, Hasegawa T, Hatashita M, Izumi H, Ishimoto T, Feril LB. Development of a therapeutically important radiation induced promoter. Bioengineered 2012; 4:44-9. [PMID: 22929999 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radio-genetic therapy is a combination of radiation therapy and gene therapy that may solve some of the problems associated with conventional radiotherapy. A promoter responsive to radiation was obtained from a promoter library composed of DNA fragments created by linking the TATA box signal to randomly combined binding sequences of transcription factors that are reactive to radiation. Each promoter connected to the luciferase gene, was evaluated by luciferase expression enhancement in transfected cells after X-ray irradiation. The reactivity of the best promoter was improved by the random introduction of point mutations and the resultant promoter showed more than a 20-fold enhancement of the luciferase expression after X-ray irradiation at 10 Gy. The expression of downstream genes was also enhanced in stably transfected cells not only by X-rays but also by proton beam irradiation; and either enhancement was attenuated when an anti-oxidant was added, thus suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in the promoter activation. Constructed promoters were also activated in tumors grown in mice. In addition, cell killing with the fcy::fur gene (a suicide gene converting 5-fluorocytosin to highly toxic 5-fluorouracil) increased dose-dependently with 5-fluorocytosin only after X-ray irradiation in vitro. These results suggest that promoters obtained through this method could be used for possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Ogawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama, Japan.
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Ogawa R, Morii A, Watanabe A, Cui ZG, Kagiya G, Fukuda S, Kume K, Hasegawa T, Hatashita M, Izumi H, Ishimoto T, Feril LB. Regulation of gene expression in retrovirus vectors by X-ray and proton beam radiation with artificially constructed promoters. J Gene Med 2012; 14:316-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Ogawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Akihiro Morii
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Akihiko Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Go Kagiya
- School of Allied Health Sciences; Kitasato University; Sagamihara; Japan
| | | | - Kyo Kume
- Proton Medical Research Group, Research and Development Department; the Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center; Tsuruga; Japan
| | | | - Masanori Hatashita
- Biology Group, Research and Development Department; the Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center; Tsuruga; Japan
| | - Hironori Izumi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishimoto
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Loreto B. Feril
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine; Fukuoka University; Fukuoka; Japan
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7
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Abstract
After more than 1500 gene therapy clinical trials in the past two decades, the overall conclusion is that for gene therapy (GT) to be successful, the vector systems must still be improved in terms of delivery, expression and safety. The recent development of more efficient and stable vector systems has created great expectations for the future of GT. Impressive results were obtained in three primary immunodeficiencies and other inherited diseases such as congenital blindness, adrenoleukodystrophy or junctional epidermolysis bullosa. However, the development of leukemia in five children included in the GT clinical trials for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and the silencing of the therapeutic gene in the chronic granulomatous disease clearly showed the importance of improving safety and efficiency. In this review, we focus on the main strategies available to achieve physiological or tissue-specific expression of therapeutic transgenes and discuss the importance of controlling transgene expression to improve safety. We propose that tissue-specific and/or physiological viral vectors offer the best balance between efficiency and safety and will be the tools of choice for future clinical trials in GT of inherited diseases.
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8
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Ruiz S, Tafalla C, Cuesta A, Estepa A, Coll JM. In vitro search for alternative promoters to the human immediate early cytomegalovirus (IE-cMV) to express the G gene of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in fish epithelial cells. Vaccine 2009; 26:6620-9. [PMID: 18840493 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Present DNA vaccines against fish rhabdoviruses require intramuscular injection (fish-to-fish vaccination) of their G-protein gene under the control of the human immediate early cytomegalovirus (IE-CMV) promoter, while immersion delivery (mass DNA vaccination), for instance, by using fish epithelial-specific promoters, would be more practical for aquaculture. To find fish epithelial-specific promoters alternative to the IE-CMV, a comparative study of the effectiveness of different fish promoters constitutively expressing the G gene of the viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in the epithelial papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line was performed. The study included MCV1.4 (an alternative IE-CMV promoter version), AE6 (a version of the carp beta-actin promoter), long terminal repeats (LTR) of zebrafish or walleye retroviruses, trout Mx1, carp myosin-heavy-chain and flatfish pleurocidin promoters and salmonid sleeping beauty (SB)/medaka Tol2 transposon repeats. The G-protein expression in transfected EPC cells was studied by estimating the number of cells expressing the G-protein in their membrane and the average expression level per cell. In addition, in an attempt to reduce their sizes, some regions of the MCV1.4 and AE6 promoters were deleted and expression levels compared to those observed for full-length promoters. Since both zebrafish LTR and carp AE6 promoters were the most effective regulatory sequences for expressing the VHSV G-protein in EPC cells, these sequences might be candidates for new DNA vaccine vectors for fish epithelial tissues avoiding the IE-CMV promoter. Furthermore, known transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) common to most of the fish G-expressing promoters, might enable the future design of fully synthetic or hybrid promoters with improved efficacy of VHSV G-protein expression in epithelial fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz
- INIA, SGIT, Dept Biotecnología, Crt. Coruña Km 7, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Pariente N, Mao SH, Morizono K, Chen ISY. Efficient targeted transduction of primary human endothelial cells with dual-targeted lentiviral vectors. J Gene Med 2008; 10:242-8. [PMID: 18074400 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a rate-limiting factor for numerous human diseases. Angiogenic vessels and also the endothelium of certain organs such as the lung display molecular addresses that can be exploited for the selective delivery of gene therapeutics. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are powerful tools for stable gene delivery but their integration and expression in undesired cell types poses a serious safety concern. We have developed a dual-targeted LV that can specifically target primary endothelial cells (ECs). Cell selectivity is achieved during entry, using a modified Sindbis virus envelope, and during transcription, with an EC-specific promoter. We evaluated four surface markers for EC targeting and seven promoter sequences from genes preferentially expressed in ECs. The efficiency and specificity of the double targeted vector were assayed in a panel of human primary cultures and tumor cell lines. A vector targeted to CD146, an endothelial adhesion molecule, and carrying a derivative of the EC tyrosine kinase Tie2 promoter, increased specificity of transduction up to 50 times and was also effective at selectively transducing ECs in a mixed coculture with human fibroblasts. The vector presented here is a potentially powerful tool that could be used in a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonia Pariente
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Dimorphic effects of Notch signaling in bone homeostasis. Nat Med 2008; 14:299-305. [PMID: 18297084 DOI: 10.1038/nm1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is a key mechanism in the control of embryogenesis. However, its in vivo function during mesenchymal cell differentiation, and, specifically, in bone homeostasis, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that osteoblast-specific gain of Notch function causes severe osteosclerosis owing to increased proliferation of immature osteoblasts. Under these pathological conditions, Notch stimulates early osteoblastic proliferation by upregulating the genes encoding cyclin D, cyclin E and Sp7 (osterix). The intracellular domain of Notch1 also regulates terminal osteoblastic differentiation by directly binding Runx2 and repressing its transactivation function. In contrast, loss of all Notch signaling in osteoblasts, generated by deletion of the genes encoding presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 in bone, is associated with late-onset, age-related osteoporosis, which in turn results from increased osteoblast-dependent osteoclastic activity due to decreased osteoprotegerin mRNA expression in these cells. Together, these findings highlight the potential dimorphic effects of Notch signaling in bone homeostasis and may provide direction for novel therapeutic applications.
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11
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Jaalouk DE, Crosato M, Brodt P, Galipeau J. Inhibition of histone deacetylation in 293GPG packaging cell line improves the production of self-inactivating MLV-derived retroviral vectors. Virol J 2006; 3:27. [PMID: 16603064 PMCID: PMC1488828 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-3-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-inactivating retroviral vectors (SIN) are often associated with very low titers. Promoter elements embedded within SIN designs may suppress transcription of packageable retroviral RNA which in turn results in titer reduction. We tested whether this dominant-negative effect involves histone acetylation state. We designed an MLV-derived SIN vector using the cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer-promoter (CMVIE) as an embedded internal promoter (SINCMV) and transfected the pantropic 293GPG packaging cell line. Results The SINCMV retroviral producer had uniformly very low titers (~10,000 infectious retroparticles per ml). Northern blot showed low levels of expression of retroviral mRNA in producer cells in particular that of packageable RNA transcript. Treatment of the producers with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A reversed transcriptional suppression and resulted in an average 106.3 ± 4.6 – fold (P = 0.002) and 15.5 ± 1.3 – fold increase in titer (P = 0.008), respectively. A histone gel assay confirmed increased histone acetylation in treated producer cells. Conclusion These results show that SIN retrovectors incorporating strong internal promoters such as CMVIE, are susceptible to transcriptional silencing and that treatment of the producer cells with HDAC inhibitors can overcome this blockade suggesting that histone deacetylation is implicated in the mechanism of transcriptional suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Jaalouk
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301439, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Milena Crosato
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Loewen N, Poeschla EM. Lentiviral vectors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 99:169-91. [PMID: 16568892 DOI: 10.1007/10_007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We review the use of lentiviral vectors in current human gene therapy applications that involve genetic modification of nondividing tissues with integrated transgenes. Safety issues, including insertional mutagenesis and replication-competent retroviruses, are discussed. Innate cellular defenses against retroviruses and their implications for human gene therapy with different lentiviral vectors are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Loewen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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13
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Abstract
As a consequence of the dramatic progress that has been made in recent years towards elucidating the diverse molecular events involved in the development and pathogenesis of malignant disease, there is now no shortage of genes that can be exploited or targeted in the context of cancer gene therapy. Many of these have been shown to be effective both in vitro and in various animal models, and a number have progressed to the clinic. The results of these later studies, although generally encouraging, are perhaps less dramatic than one might have hoped. Although a number of factors undoubtedly contribute to this finding, it is evident that a major reason relates to the difficulties implicit in achieving efficient in vivo gene transfer, particularly in a clinical context. Targeting gene therapy, not to the malignant population, but instead to the vasculature upon which the survival and growth of a tumour depends constitutes an alternative approach that overcomes some of the delivery problems associated with established tumour cell-directed strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Dougherty
- University of Arizona, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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