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Züst R, Ackermann-Gäumann R, Liechti N, Siegrist D, Ryter S, Portmann J, Lenz N, Beuret C, Koller R, Staehelin C, Kuenzli AB, Marschall J, Rothenberger S, Engler O. Presence and Persistence of Andes Virus RNA in Human Semen. Viruses 2023; 15:2266. [PMID: 38005942 PMCID: PMC10675069 DOI: 10.3390/v15112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
When infecting humans, Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) may cause a severe disease called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Following non-specific symptoms, the infection may progress to a syndrome of hemorrhagic fever combined with hyper-acute cardiopulmonary failure. The case fatality rate ranges between 25-40%, depending on the outbreak. In this study, we present the follow-up of a male patient who recovered from HCPS six years ago. We demonstrate that the ANDV genome persists within the reproductive tract for at least 71 months. Genome sequence analysis early and late after infection reveals a low number of mutations (two single nucleotide variants and one deletion), suggesting limited replication activity. We can exclude the integration of the viral genome into the host genome, since the treatment of the specimen with RNAse led to a loss of signal. We demonstrate a long-lasting, strong neutralizing antibody response using pseudovirions expressing the ANDV glycoprotein. Taken together, our results show that ANDV has the potential for sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Züst
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
| | | | - Nicole Liechti
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
| | - Denise Siegrist
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
| | - Sarah Ryter
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
| | - Jasmine Portmann
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
| | - Nicole Lenz
- Food Microbial Systems, Risk Assessment and Mitigation Group, Agroscope, 3097 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beuret
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
| | - Roger Koller
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Staehelin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B. Kuenzli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Marschall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Engler
- Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland (O.E.)
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Johnson HJ, Koshy AA. Understanding neuroinflammation through central nervous system infections. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102619. [PMID: 35985075 PMCID: PMC10147316 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is now recognized to compound many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, from stroke to dementia. As immune responses evolved to handle infections, studying CNS infections can offer unique insights into the CNS immune response and address questions such as: What defenses and strategies do CNS parenchymal cells deploy in response to a dangerous pathogen? How do CNS cells interact with each other and infiltrating immune cells to control microbes? What pathways are beneficial for the host or for the pathogen? Here, we review recent studies that use CNS-tropic infections in combination with cutting-edge techniques to delve into the complex relationships between microbes, immune cells, and cells of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Johnson
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anita A Koshy
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Multiple Receptors Involved in Invasion and Neuropathogenicity of Canine Distemper Virus: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071520. [PMID: 35891500 PMCID: PMC9317347 DOI: 10.3390/v14071520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus that infects a broad range of terrestrial carnivores, predominantly canines, and is associated with high mortality. Similar to another morbillivirus, measles virus, which infects humans and nonhuman primates, CDV transmission from an infected host to a naïve host depends on two cellular receptors, namely, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150) and the adherens junction protein nectin-4 (also known as PVRL4). CDV can also invade the central nervous system by anterograde spread through olfactory nerves or in infected lymphocytes through the circulation, thus causing chronic progressive or relapsing demyelination of the brain. However, the absence of the two receptors in the white matter, primary cultured astrocytes, and neurons in the brain was recently demonstrated. Furthermore, a SLAM/nectin-4-blind recombinant CDV exhibits full cell-to-cell transmission in primary astrocytes. This strongly suggests the existence of a third CDV receptor expressed in neural cells, possibly glial cells. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of CDV receptors, highlighting the unidentified glial receptor and its contribution to pathogenicity in the host nervous system. The reviewed studies focus on CDV neuropathogenesis, and neural receptors may provide promising directions for the treatment of neurological diseases caused by CDV. We also present an overview of other neurotropic viruses to promote further research and identification of CDV neural receptors.
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Abstract
DNA viruses often persist in the body of their host, becoming latent and recurring many months or years later. By contrast, most RNA viruses cause acute infections that are cleared from the host as they lack the mechanisms to persist. However, it is becoming clear that viral RNA can persist after clinical recovery and elimination of detectable infectious virus. This persistence can either be asymptomatic or associated with late progressive disease or nonspecific lingering symptoms, such as may be the case following infection with Ebola or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Why does viral RNA sometimes persist after recovery from an acute infection? Where does the RNA come from? And what are the consequences?
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