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Batty CJ, Pena ES, Amouzougan EA, Moore KM, Ainslie KM, Bachelder EM. Humoral Response to the Acetalated Dextran M2e Vaccine is Enhanced by Antigen Surface Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1447-1458. [PMID: 37458383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The influenza A virus causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide every year and poses a constant threat of an emergent pandemic. Seasonal influenza vaccination strategies fail to provide complete protection against infection due to antigenic drift and shift. A universal vaccine targeting a conserved influenza epitope could substantially improve current vaccination strategies. The ectodomain of the matrix 2 protein (M2e) of influenza is a highly conserved epitope between virus strains but is also poorly immunogenic. Administration of M2e and the immunostimulatory stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist 3'3'-cyclic guanosine-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) encapsulated in microparticles made of acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) has previously been shown to be effective for increasing the immunogenicity of M2e, primarily through T-cell-mediated responses. Here, the immunogenicity of Ace-DEX MPs delivering M2e was further improved by conjugating the M2e peptide to the particle surface in an effort to affect B-cell responses more directly. Conjugated or encapsulated M2e co-administered with Ace-DEX MPs containing cGAMP were used to vaccinate mice, and it was shown that two or three vaccinations could fully protect against a lethal influenza challenge, while only the surface-conjugated antigen constructs could provide some protection against lethal challenge with only one vaccination. Additionally, the use of a reducible linker augmented the T-cell response to the antigen. These results show the utility of conjugating M2e to the surface of a particle carrier to increase its immunogenicity for use as the antigen in a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Batty
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erik S Pena
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eva A Amouzougan
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kathryn M Moore
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Ma D, Tian S, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jiao J, Xiong X, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ouyang X. Construction of an inhalable recombinant M2e-FP-expressing Bacillus subtilis spores-based vaccine and evaluation of its protection efficacy against influenza in a mouse model. Vaccine 2023; 41:4402-4413. [PMID: 37308364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a deadly zoonotic pathogen that remains a burden to global health systems despite continuous vaccinations, indicating the need for an improved vaccine strategy. In this work, we constructed a new recombinant influenza vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing M2e-FP protein (RSM2eFP) and assessed its potency and efficacy in BALB/c mouse immunized via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation (i.t.) or intragastric (i.g.) administration. Immunization via i.t. route conferred 100 % protection against 20 × LD50 A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus compared with only 50 % via the i.g. route. Even when challenged with 40 × LD50 virus, the RSM2eFP vaccine immunized via i.t. provided 80 % protection. Consistently, i.t. inoculation of RSM2eFP spore vaccine induced a stronger lung mucosal immune response and a greater cellular immune response than i.g. administration, as indicated by the high production of IgG and SIgA. In addition, the RSM2eFP spore vaccine diminished the yield of infectious virus in the lung of mice immunized via i.t. These results suggest that i.t. immunization of the RSM2eFP spore vaccine may be a promising strategy for the development of mucosal vaccines against IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20# Nan-Er-Huan-Dong Street, Yuhua, Hebei 050010, China
| | - Qingqing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15(#) Bei-San-Huan-Dong Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
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Sun T, Wang Y, Zou P, Wang Q, Liu J, Liu W, Huang J, Wu F. M2e-specific antibodies protect against influenza PR8 virus in an isotype and route dependent manner. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28721. [PMID: 37185862 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) is a promising target for the development of universal prophylactic and therapeutic agents against influenza viruses of different subtypes. We constructed three M2e-specific monoclonal antibody variants, M2A1-1 (IgG1), M2A1-2a (IgG2a), M2A1-2b (IgG2b), which have the same Fab region targeting the M2e epitope but different isotypes, and compared their protective efficacy in influenza PR8-infected mice. We found that anti-M2e antibodies provided protection against influenza virus in a subtype-dependent manner, with the IgG2a variant providing significantly better protection with lower virus titers and milder lung injury than IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes. Additionally, we observed that the protective efficacy was dependent on the administration routes, with intranasal administration of antibody providing better protection than intraperitoneal administration. The timing of administration was also critical in determining the protective efficacy; while all the antibody isotypes provided protection when administered before influenza challenge, only IgG2a provided minimal protection when the antibodies were administered after virus challenge. These results provide valuable information for optimizing the therapeutics usage of M2e-based antibodies and furthering the development of M2e-based universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingdan Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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