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Zhang X, Chen Y, Yan T, Wang H, Zhang R, Xu Y, Hou Y, Peng Q, Song F. Cell death dependent on holins LrgAB repressed by a novel ArsR family regulator CdsR. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:173. [PMID: 38605001 PMCID: PMC11009283 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell death and survival paradox in various biological processes requires clarification. While spore development causes maternal cell death in Bacillus species, the involvement of other cell death pathways in sporulation remains unknown. Here, we identified a novel ArsR family transcriptional regulator, CdsR, and found that the deletion of its encoding gene cdsR causes cell lysis and inhibits sporulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an ArsR family transcriptional regulator governing cell death. We found that CdsR directly repressed lrgAB expression. Furthermore, lrgAB overexpression resulted in cell lysis without sporulation, akin to the cdsR mutant, suggesting that LrgAB, a holin-like protein, induces cell death in Bacillus spp. The lrgAB mutation increases abnormal cell numbers during spore development. In conclusion, we propose that a novel repressor is vital for inhibiting LrgAB-dependent cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tinglu Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Effect of Extracts, Fractions, and Isolated Molecules of Casearia sylvestris to Control Streptococcus mutans Cariogenic Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020329. [PMID: 36830240 PMCID: PMC9952592 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of extracts, fractions, and molecules of Casearia sylvestris to control the cariogenic biofilm of Streptococcus mutans were evaluated. First, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm (initial and pre-formed biofilms) in prolonged exposure (24 h) models were investigated. Second, formulations (with and without fluoride) were assessed for topical effects (brief exposure) on biofilms. Third, selected treatments were evaluated via bacterium growth inhibition curves associated with gene expression and scanning electron microscopy. In initial biofilms, the ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and ethanolic (EtOH) fractions from Brasília (BRA/DF; 250 µg/mL) and Presidente Venceslau/SP (Water/EtOH 60:40 and Water/EtOH 40:60; 500 µg/mL) reduced ≥6-logs vs. vehicle. Only the molecule Caseargrewiin F (CsF; 125 µg/mL) reduced the viable cell count of pre-formed biofilms (5 logs vs. vehicle). For topical effects, no formulation affected biofilm components. For the growth inhibition assay, CsF yielded a constant recovery of surviving cells (≅3.5 logs) until 24 h (i.e., bacteriostatic), and AcOEt_BRA/DF caused progressive cell death, without cells at 24 h (i.e., bactericidal). CsF and AcOEt_BRA/DF damaged S. mutans cells and influenced the expression of virulence genes. Thus, an effect against biofilms occurred after prolonged exposure due to the bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal capacity of a fraction and a molecule from C. sylvestris.
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Pantoja Angles A, Valle-Pérez AU, Hauser C, Mahfouz MM. Microbial Biocontainment Systems for Clinical, Agricultural, and Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:830200. [PMID: 35186907 PMCID: PMC8847691 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many applications of synthetic biology require biological systems in engineered microbes to be delivered into diverse environments, such as for in situ bioremediation, biosensing, and applications in medicine and agriculture. To avoid harming the target system (whether that is a farm field or the human gut), such applications require microbial biocontainment systems (MBSs) that inhibit the proliferation of engineered microbes. In the past decade, diverse molecular strategies have been implemented to develop MBSs that tightly control the proliferation of engineered microbes; this has enabled medical, industrial, and agricultural applications in which biological processes can be executed in situ. The customization of MBSs also facilitate the integration of sensing modules for which different compounds can be produced and delivered upon changes in environmental conditions. These achievements have accelerated the generation of novel microbial systems capable of responding to external stimuli with limited interference from the environment. In this review, we provide an overview of the current approaches used for MBSs, with a specific focus on applications that have an immediate impact on multiple fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Pantoja Angles
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander U. Valle-Pérez
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Magdy M. Mahfouz, ; Charlotte Hauser,
| | - Magdy M. Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Magdy M. Mahfouz, ; Charlotte Hauser,
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Liu J, Shen Z, Tang J, Huang Q, Jian Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Liu Q, He L, Li M. Extracellular DNA released by glycine-auxotrophic Staphylococcus epidermidis small colony variant facilitates catheter-related infections. Commun Biol 2021; 4:904. [PMID: 34294851 PMCID: PMC8298460 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Though a definitive link between small colony variants (SCVs) and implant-related staphylococcal infections has been well-established, the specific underlying mechanism remains an ill-explored field. The present study analyzes the role SCVs play in catheter infection by performing genomic and metabolic analyses, as well as analyzing biofilm formation and impacts of glycine on growth and peptidoglycan-linking rate, on a clinically typical Staphylococcus epidermidis case harboring stable SCV, normal counterpart (NC) and nonstable SCV. Our findings reveal that S. epidermidis stable SCV carries mutations involved in various metabolic processes. Metabolome analyses demonstrate that two biosynthetic pathways are apparently disturbed in SCV. One is glycine biosynthesis, which contributes to remarkable glycine shortage, and supplementation of glycine restores growth and peptidoglycan-linking rate of SCV. The other is overflow of pyruvic acid and acetyl-CoA, leading to excessive acetate. SCV demonstrates higher biofilm-forming ability due to rapid autolysis and subsequent eDNA release. Despite a remarkable decline in cell viability, SCV can facilitate in vitro biofilm formation and in vivo survival of NC when co-infected with its normal counterparts. This work illustrates an intriguing strategy utilized by a glycine-auxotrophic clinical S. epidermidis SCV isolate to facilitate biofilm-related infections, and casts a new light on the role of SCV in persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ying Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Grabowski Ł, Łepek K, Stasiłojć M, Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Zdrojewska K, Maciąg-Dorszyńska M, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Bacteriophage-encoded enzymes destroying bacterial cell membranes and walls, and their potential use as antimicrobial agents. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126746. [PMID: 33773329 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Appearance of pathogenic bacteria resistant to most, if not all, known antibiotics is currently one of the most significant medical problems. Therefore, development of novel antibacterial therapies is crucial for efficient treatment of bacterial infections in the near future. One possible option is to employ enzymes, encoded by bacteriophages, which cause destruction of bacterial cell membranes and walls. Bacteriophages use such enzymes to destroy bacterial host cells at the final stage of their lytic development, in order to ensure effective liberation of progeny virions. Nevertheless, to use such bacteriophage-encoded proteins in medicine and/or biotechnology, it is crucial to understand details of their biological functions and biochemical properties. Therefore, in this review article, we will present and discuss our current knowledge on the processes of bacteriophage-mediated bacterial cell lysis, with special emphasis on enzymes involved in them. Regulation of timing of the lysis is also discussed. Finally, possibilities of the practical use of these enzymes as antibacterial agents will be underlined and perspectives of this aspect will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łepek
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Stasiłojć
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Karolina Zdrojewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Monika Maciąg-Dorszyńska
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
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6
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Vila T, Kong EF, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Van Dijck P, Shetty AC, McCracken C, Bruno VM, Jabra-Rizk MA. Therapeutic implications of C. albicans-S. aureus mixed biofilm in a murine subcutaneous catheter model of polymicrobial infection. Virulence 2021; 12:835-851. [PMID: 33682623 PMCID: PMC7946022 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1894834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated polymicrobial infections tend to be challenging to treat. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are leading pathogens due to their ability to form biofilms on medical devices. However, the therapeutic implications of their interactions in a host is largely unexplored. In this study, we used a mouse subcutaneous catheter model for in vivo-grown polymicrobial biofilms to validate our in vitro findings on C. albicans-mediated enhanced S. aureus tolerance to vancomycin in vivo. Comparative assessment of S. aureus recovery from catheters with single- or mixed-species infection demonstrated failure of vancomycin against S. aureus in mice with co-infected catheters. To provide some mechanistic insights, RNA-seq analysis was performed on catheter biofilms to delineate transcriptional modulations during polymicrobial infections. C. albicans induced the activation of the S. aureus biofilm formation network via down-regulation of the lrg operon, repressor of autolysis, and up-regulation of the ica operon and production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), indicating an increase in eDNA production, and extracellular polysaccharide matrix, respectively. Interestingly, virulence factors important for disseminated infections, and superantigen-like proteins were down-regulated during mixed-species infection, whereas capsular polysaccharide genes were up-regulated, signifying a strategy favoring survival, persistence and host immune evasion. In vitro follow-up experiments using DNA enzymatic digestion, lrg operon mutant strains, and confocal scanning microscopy confirmed the role of C. albicans-mediated enhanced eDNA production in mixed-biofilms on S. aureus tolerance to vancomycin. Combined, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic implications of interspecies interactions, underscoring the need for novel strategies to overcome limitations of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric F Kong
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carrie McCracken
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Genome Sequences of Serratia Strains Revealed Common Genes in Both Serratomolides Gene Clusters. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120482. [PMID: 33419369 PMCID: PMC7767323 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms with a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group, able to reduce surface tension. These molecules are largely used in the environmental, food, pharmaceutical, medical, and cleaning industries, among others. Serratia strains are ubiquitous microorganisms with the ability to produce biosurfactants, such as serrawettins. These extracellular lipopeptides are described as biocides against many bacteria and fungi. This work used comparative genomics to determine the distribution and organization of the serrawettins W1 and W2 biosynthetic gene clusters in all the 84 publicly available genomes of the Serratia genus. Here, the serrawettin W1 gene clusters’ organization is reported for the first time. The serrawettin W1 biosynthetic gene swrW and serrawettin W2 biosynthetic gene swrA were present in 17 and 11 Serratia genomes, respectively. The same genes in the biosynthetic clusters frame the swrW and swrA biosynthetic genes. This work identified four genes common to all serrawettin gene clusters, highlighting their key potential in the serrawettins biosynthetic process. Abstract Serratia strains are ubiquitous microorganisms with the ability to produce serratomolides, such as serrawettins. These extracellular lipopeptides are described as biocides against many bacteria and fungi and may have a nematicidal activity against phytopathogenic nematodes. Serrawettins W1 and W2 from different strains have different structures that might be correlated with distinct genomic organizations. This work used comparative genomics to determine the distribution and the organization of the serrawettins biosynthetic gene clusters in all the 84 publicly available genomes of the Serratia genus. The serrawettin W1 and W2 gene clusters’ organization was established using antiSMASH software and compared with single and short data previously described for YD25TSerratia. Here, the serrawettin W1 gene clusters’ organization is reported for the first time. The serrawettin W1 biosynthetic gene swrW was present in 17 Serratia genomes. Eighty different coding sequence (CDS) were assigned to the W1 gene cluster, 13 being common to all clusters. The serrawettin W2 swrA gene was present in 11 Serratia genomes. The W2 gene clusters included 68 CDS with 24 present in all the clusters. The genomic analysis showed the swrA gene constitutes five modules, four with three domains and one with four domains, while the swrW gene constitutes one module with four domains. This work identified four genes common to all serrawettin gene clusters, highlighting their essential potential in the serrawettins biosynthetic process.
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Ishkov IP, Ahn SJ, Rice KC, Hagen SJ. Environmental Triggers of lrgA Expression in Streptococcus mutans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32047487 PMCID: PMC6997555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cidAB and lrgAB operons of Streptococcus mutans encode proteins that are structurally similar to the bacteriophage lambda family of holin-antiholin proteins, which are believed to facilitate cell death in other bacterial species. Although their precise function is not known, cidAB and lrgAB are linked to multiple virulence traits of S. mutans, including oxidative stress tolerance, biofilm formation, and autolysis. Here we investigate the regulation of lrgAB which in S. mutans shows a complex dependence on growth conditions that is not fully understood. By combining single-cell imaging of a fluorescent gene reporter with microfluidic control of the extracellular environment, we identify specific environmental cues that trigger lrgA expression and characterize cell-to-cell heterogeneity in lrgA activity. We find that the very abrupt activation of lrgA at stationary phase is tightly synchronized across the population. This activation is controlled by a small number of inputs that are sensitive to growth phase: extracellular pyruvate, glucose, and molecular oxygen. Activation of lrgA appears to be self-limiting, so that strong expression of lrgA is confined to a short interval of time. lrgA is programmed to switch on briefly at the end of exponential growth, as glucose and molecular oxygen are exhausted and extracellular pyruvate is available. Our findings are consistent with studies of other bacteria showing that homologs of lrgAB participate, with input from lytST, in the reimport of pyruvate for anaerobic fermentative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Ishkov
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sang-Joon Ahn
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelly C Rice
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephen J Hagen
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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9
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Dahyot S, Oxaran V, Niepceron M, Dupart E, Legris S, Destruel L, Didi J, Clamens T, Lesouhaitier O, Zerdoumi Y, Flaman JM, Pestel-Caron M. Role of the LytSR Two-Component Regulatory System in Staphylococcus lugdunensis Biofilm Formation and Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32038604 PMCID: PMC6993578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative Staphylococcus recognized as a virulent pathogen. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, some of which are associated with biofilm production, such as implanted medical device infections or endocarditis. However, little is known about S. lugdunensis regulation of virulence factor expression. Two-component regulatory systems (TCS) play a critical role in bacterial adaptation, survival, and virulence. Among them, LytSR is widely conserved but has variable roles in different organisms, all connected to metabolism or cell death and lysis occurring during biofilm development. Therefore, we investigated here the functions of LytSR in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis. Deletion of lytSR in S. lugdunensis DSM 4804 strain did not alter either susceptibility to Triton X-100 induced autolysis or death induced by antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, ΔlytSR biofilm was characterized by a lower biomass, a lack of tower structures, and a higher rate of dead cells compared to the wild-type strain. Virulence toward Caenorhabditis elegans using a slow-killing assay was significantly reduced for the mutant compared to the wild-type strain. By contrast, the deletion of lytSR had no effect on the cytotoxicity of S. lugdunensis toward the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Transcriptional analyses conducted at mid- and late-exponential phases showed that lytSR deletion affected the expression of 286 genes. Most of them were involved in basic functions such as the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Furthermore, LytSR appeared to be involved in the regulation of genes encoding known or putative virulence and colonization factors, including the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbl, the major autolysin AtlL, and the type VII secretion system. Overall, our data suggest that the LytSR TCS is implicated in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis, through its involvement in biofilm formation and potentially by the control of genes encoding putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maïté Niepceron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Eddy Dupart
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Legris
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Laurie Destruel
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jennifer Didi
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Yasmine Zerdoumi
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
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10
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Sousa J, Westhoff P, Methling K, Lalk M. The Absence of Pyruvate Kinase Affects Glucose-Dependent Carbon Catabolite Repression in Bacillus subtilis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100216. [PMID: 31590319 PMCID: PMC6835821 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate is a key intermediate of diverse metabolic pathways of central carbon metabolism. In addition to being the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate is an essential carbon distribution point to oxidative metabolism, amino acid and fatty acid syntheses, and overflow metabolite production. Hence, a tight regulation of pyruvate kinase (Pyk) activity is of great importance. This study aimed to analyze targeted metabolites from several pathways and possible changes in Bacillus subtilis lacking Pyk. Wild type and Δpyk cells were cultivated in chemically defined medium with glucose and pyruvate as carbon sources, and the extracted metabolites were analyzed by 1H-NMR, GC-MS, HPLC-MS, and LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the perturbation created in the pyruvate node drove an adaptation to new conditions by altering the nutritional compounds’ consumption. In Δpyk, pyruvate, which is subject to glucose-dependent carbon catabolite repression, did not comply with the hierarchy in carbon source utilization. Other metabolic alterations were observed such as the higher secretion of the overflow metabolites acetoin and 2,3-butanediol by Δpyk. Our results help to elucidate the regulatory transport of glucose and pyruvate in B. subtilis and possible metabolic reroute to alternative pathways in the absence of Pyk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sousa
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
- Innovayt S/A, Av. João Paulo II 30, 4715-213 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Prokaryotic and Mitochondrial Lipids: A Survey of Evolutionary Origins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31502197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21162-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria and bacteria share a myriad of properties since it is believed that the powerhouses of the eukaryotic cell have evolved from a prokaryotic origin. Ribosomal RNA sequences, DNA architecture and metabolism are strikingly similar in these two entities. Proteins and nucleic acids have been a hallmark for comparison between mitochondria and prokaryotes. In this chapter, similarities (and differences) between mitochondrial and prokaryotic membranes are addressed with a focus on structure-function relationship of different lipid classes. In order to be suitable for the theme of the book, a special emphasis is reserved to the effects of bioactive sphingolipids, mainly ceramide, on mitochondrial membranes and their roles in initiating programmed cell death.
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Nasher F, Kwun MJ, Croucher NJ, Heller M, Hathaway LJ. Peptide Occurring in Enterobacteriaceae Triggers Streptococcus pneumoniae Cell Death. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:320. [PMID: 31552200 PMCID: PMC6748166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae often possess two genes, aliB-like ORF 1 and aliB-like ORF 2, in place of capsule genes. AliB-like ORF 1 is thought to encode a substrate binding protein of an ABC transporter which binds peptide SETTFGRDFN, found in 50S ribosomal subunit protein L4 of Enterobacteriaceae. Here, we investigated the effect of binding of AliB-like ORF 1 peptide on the transcriptome and proteome of non-encapsulated pneumococci. We found upregulation of gene expression of a metacaspase and a gene encoding N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, both of which are proposed to be involved in programmed cell death in prokaryotic cells. Proteome profiling indicated upregulation of transcriptional regulators and downregulation of metabolism-associated genes. Exposure to the peptide specifically triggered death in pneumococci which express AliB-like ORF 1, with the bacteria having an apoptotic appearance by electron microscopy. We propose that binding of the AliB-like ORF 1 peptide ligand by the pneumococcus signals a challenging environment with hostile bacterial species leading to death of a proportion of the pneumococcal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzy Nasher
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Min Jung Kwun
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Croucher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J Hathaway
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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