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Han Y, Ma Y, Wang Z, Feng F, Zhou L, Feng H, Ma J, Ye R, Zhang R. TMPRSS13 promotes the cell entry of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29712. [PMID: 38808555 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) has caused severe intestinal diseases in pigs. It originates from bat coronaviruses HKU2 and has a potential risk of cross-species transmission, raising concerns about its zoonotic potential. Viral entry-related host factors are critical determinants of susceptibility to cells, tissues, or species, and remain to be elucidated for SADS-CoV. Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) family is involved in many coronavirus infections and has trypsin-like catalytic activity. Here we examine all 18 members of the TTSPs family through CRISPR-based activation of endogenous protein expression in cells, and find that, in addition to TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, TMPRSS13 significantly facilitates SADS-CoV infection. This is confirmed by ectopic expression of TMPRSS13, and specific to trypsin-dependent SADS-CoV. Infection with pseudovirus bearing SADS-CoV spike protein indicates that TMPRSS13 acts at the entry step and is sensitive to serine protease inhibitor Camostat. Moreover, both human and pig TMPRSS13 are able to enhance the cell-cell membrane fusion and cleavage of spike protein. Overall, we demonstrate that TMPRSS13 is another host serine protease promoting the membrane-fusion entry of SADS-CoV, which may expand its host tropism by using diverse TTSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu C, Huang W, He X, Feng Z, Chen Q. Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:448. [PMID: 38338091 PMCID: PMC10854734 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in piglets. The virus was first discovered in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since emerged in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. The outbreak exhibited a localized and sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. The virus can infect human progenitor cells and demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing a potential risk for zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous surveillance of and comprehensive research on SADS-CoV are imperative. This review provides an overview of the temporal and evolutionary features of SADS-CoV outbreaks, focusing on the structural characteristics of the virus, which serve as the basis for discussing its potential for interspecies transmission. Additionally, the review summarizes virus-host interactions, including the effects on host cells, as well as apoptotic and autophagic behaviors, and discusses prevention and treatment modalities for this viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Weili Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xinyan He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Zhao Y, Yuan J, Xiao D, Zhang L, Li C, Hu J, Chen R, Song D, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Yan Q, Han X, Wen X, Cao S, Huang X. HSP90AB1 is a host factor that promotes porcine deltacoronavirus replication. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105536. [PMID: 38092149 PMCID: PMC10789647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus. It causes mortality in neonatal piglets and is of growing concern because of its broad host range, including humans. To date, the mechanism of PDCoV infection remains poorly understood. Here, based on a genome-wide CRISPR screen of PDCoV-infected cells, we found that HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B1) promotes PDCoV infection. Knockdown or KO of HSP90AB1 in LLC-PK cells resulted in a significantly suppressed PDCoV infection. Infected cells treated with HSP90 inhibitors 17-AAG and VER-82576 also showed a significantly suppressed PDCoV infection, although KW-2478, which does not affect the ATPase activity of HSP90AB1, had no effect on PDCoV infection. We found that HSP90AB1 interacts with the N, NS7, and NSP10 proteins of PDCoV. We further evaluated the interaction between N and HSP90AB1 and found that the C-tail domain of the N protein is the HSP90AB1-interacting domain. Further studies showed that HSP90AB1 protects N protein from degradation via the proteasome pathway. In summary, our results reveal a key role for HSP90AB1 in the mechanism of PDCoV infection and contribute to provide new host targets for PDCoV antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dai Xiao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingfei Hu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daili Song
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experiment Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China; National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experiment Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China; National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Yao YL, Luo Y, Wang Q, Geng R, Chen Y, Liu MQ, Li B, Chen J, Wu CG, Jia JK, Luo JY, He YT, Jiang TT, Zhu Y, Hu B, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Identification of TMEM53 as a novel SADS-CoV restriction factor that targets viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2249120. [PMID: 37584551 PMCID: PMC10467534 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2249120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTZoonotic transmission of coronaviruses (CoVs) poses a serious public health threat. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), originating from a bat HKU2-related CoV, causes devastating swine diseases and poses a high risk of spillover to humans. Currently, licensed therapeutics that can prevent potential human outbreaks are unavailable. Identifying the cellular proteins that restrict viral infection is imperative for developing effective interventions and therapeutics. We utilized a large-scale human cDNA screening and identified transmembrane protein 53 (TMEM53) as a novel cell-intrinsic SADS-CoV restriction factor. The inhibitory effect of TMEM53 on SADS-CoV infection was found to be independent of canonical type I interferon responses. Instead, TMEM53 interacts with non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) and disrupts viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex assembly by interrupting NSP8-NSP12 interaction, thus suppressing viral RdRp activity and RNA synthesis. Deleting the transmembrane domain of TMEM53 resulted in the abrogation of TMEM53-NSP12 interaction and TMEM53 antiviral activity. Importantly, TMEM53 exhibited broad antiviral activity against multiple HKU2-related CoVs. Our findings reveal a novel role of TMEM53 in SADS-CoV restriction and pave the way to host-directed therapeutics against HKU2-related CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Guang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Kun Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Tong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Li Z, Ma Z, Han W, Chang C, Li Y, Guo X, Zheng Z, Feng Y, Xu L, Zheng H, Wang X, Xiao S. Deletion of a 7-amino-acid region in the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus envelope protein induces higher type I and III interferon responses and results in attenuation in vivo. J Virol 2023; 97:e0084723. [PMID: 37681956 PMCID: PMC10537754 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00847-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) leads to enormous economic losses for the pork industry. However, the commercial vaccines failed to fully protect against the epidemic strains. Previously, the rCH/SX/2016-SHNXP strain with the entire E protein and the rCH/SX/2015 strain with the deletion of 7-amino-acid (7-aa) at positions 23-29 in E protein were constructed and rescued. The pathogenicity assay indicated that rCH/SX/2015 is an attenuated strain, but rCH/SX/2016-SHNXP belongs to the virulent strains. Then, the recombination PEDV (rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29)strain with a 7-aa deletion in the E protein was generated, using the highly virulent rCH/SX/2016-SHNXP strain (rPEDV-Ewt) as the backbone. Compared with the rPEDV-Ewt strain, the release and infectivity of the rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29 strain were significantly reduced in vitro, but stronger interferon (IFN) responses were triggered both in vitro and in vivo. The pathogenicity assay showed that the parental strain resulted in severe diarrhea (100%) and death (100%) in all piglets. Compared with the parental strain group, rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29 caused lower mortality (33%) and diminished fecal PEDV RNA shedding. At 21 days, all surviving pigs were challenged orally with rPEDV-Ewt. No pigs died in the two groups. Compared with the mock group, significantly delayed and milder diarrhea and reduced fecal PEDV RNA shedding were detected in the rPEDV-EΔaa23-aa29 group. In conclusion, the deletion of a 7-aa fragment in the E protein (EΔaa23-aa29) attenuated PEDV but retained its immunogenicity, which can offer new ideas for the design of live attenuated vaccines and provide new insights into the attenuated mechanism of PEDV. IMPORTANCE Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes high mortality in neonatal piglets and remains a large challenge to the pork industry. Unfortunately, no safe and effective vaccines are available yet. The pathogenesis and molecular basis of the attenuation of PEDV remain unclear, which seriously hinders the development of PEDV vaccines. This study found that the rPEDV carrying EΔaa23-aa29 mutation in the E protein induced significantly higher IFN responses than the parental virus, partially attenuated, and remained immunogenic in piglets. For the first time, PEDV E was verified as an IFN antagonist in the infection context and identified as a virulence factor of PEDV. Our data also suggested that EΔaa23-aa29 mutation can be a good target for the development of live attenuated vaccines for PEDV and also provide new perspectives for the attenuated mechanism of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weiguo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanzhe Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lele Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Combined Analysis of the Whole Transcriptome of Piglets Infected with SADS-CoV Virulent and Avirulent Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020409. [PMID: 36838374 PMCID: PMC9964493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When piglets are infected by virulent and avirulent strains of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), there are obvious differences in their clinical symptoms; however, the specific mechanisms of pathogenicity and the immune regulation of highly pathogenic and low pathogenic strains are unknown. We collected intestinal tissues from SADS-CoV-infected piglets, performed a whole transcriptome sequencing analysis, including mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, cicrRNA, and TUCP, and performed functional and correlation analyses of differentially expressed RNAs. Our results showed that the differentially expressed RNAs in group A versus group B (AvsB), group A versus group C (AvsC), and group B versus group C (BvsC) were relevant to immune and disease-related signaling pathways that participate in the organisms' viral infection and immune regulation. Furthermore, data obtained from the HAllA analysis suggested that there was a strong correlation between the differentially expressed RNAs. Specifically, LNC_011487 in the P set was significantly negatively correlated with ssc-miR-215, and LNC_011487 was positively correlated with PI3. Moreover, we also constructed a differentially expressed RNA association network map. This study provides a valuable resource for studying the SADS-CoV transcriptome and pathogenic mechanism from the perspective of RNA to understand the differences in and consistency of the interaction between virulent and attenuated SADS-CoV strains and hosts.
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Ahmad A, Aslam S, Munir A, Ahmed FK, Abd-Elsalam KA. CRISPR/Cas Systems: A New Biomedical and Agricultural Diagnostic Devices for Viral Diseases. NANOROBOTICS AND NANODIAGNOSTICS IN INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 2023:383-410. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16084-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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He S, Qin H, Guan L, Liu K, Hong B, Zhang X, Lou F, Li M, Lin W, Chen Y, He C, Liu F, Lu S, Luo S, Zhu S, An X, Song L, Fan H, Tong Y. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 by targeting the RdRp complex and alleviates viral infection in the hamster model. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28281. [PMID: 36329614 PMCID: PMC9878033 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk has been found to inhibit coronavirus infection, while the key components and mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the components that contribute to the antiviral effects of breastmilk and explore their potential mechanism. Lactoferrin (Lf) and milk fat globule membrane inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronavirus GX_P2V and transcription- and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in vitro and block viral entry into cells. We confirmed that bovine Lf (bLf) blocked the binding between human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by combining receptor-binding domain (RBD). Importantly, bLf inhibited RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity of both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in vitro in the nanomolar range. So far, no biological macromolecules have been reported to inhibit coronavirus RdRp. Our result indicated that bLf plays a major role in inhibiting viral replication. bLf treatment reduced viral load in lungs and tracheae and alleviated pathological damage. Our study provides evidence that bLf prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection by combining SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and inhibiting coronaviruses' RdRp activity, and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐ting He
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Hongbo Qin
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Lin Guan
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Bixia Hong
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Fuxing Lou
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Maochen Li
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yangzhen Chen
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Chengzhi He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Feitong Liu
- H&H Group, H&H ResearchChina Research and InnovationGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Lu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Shengdong Luo
- The Fifth Medical CenterChinese PLA People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shaozhou Zhu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
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9
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Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Reveals a Role for SLC35A1 in the Adsorption of Porcine Deltacoronavirus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0162622. [PMID: 36453883 PMCID: PMC9769367 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01626-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, not only causes diarrhea in piglets but also possesses the potential to infect humans. To better understand host-virus genetic dependencies and find potential therapeutic targets for PDCoV, we used a porcine single-guide RNA (sgRNA) lentivirus library to screen host factors related to PDCoV infection in LLC-PK1 cells. The solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1), a key molecule in the sialic acid (SA) synthesis pathway, was identified as a host factor required for PDCoV infection. A knockout of SLC35A1 caused decreases in the amounts of cell surface sialic acid (SA) and viral adsorption; meanwhile, trypsin promoted the use of SA in PDCoV infection. By constructing and assessing a series of recombinant PDCoV strains with the deletion or mutation of possible critical domain or amino acid residues for SA binding in the S1 N-terminal domain, we found that S T182 might be a PDCoV SA-binding site. However, the double knockout of SLC35A1 and amino peptidase N (APN) could not block PDCoV infection completely. Additionally, we found that different swine enteric coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus, are differentially dependent on SA. Overall, our study uncovered a collection of host factors that can be exploited as drug targets against PDCoV infection and deepened our understanding of the relationship between PDCoV and SA. IMPORTANCE Identifying the host factors required for replication will be helpful to uncover the pathogenesis mechanisms and develop antivirals against the emerging coronavirus porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Herein, we performed a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout screen, the results of which revealed that the solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1) is a host factor required for PDCoV infection that acts by regulating cell surface sialic acid (SA). We also identified the T182 site in the N-terminal domain of PDCoV S1 subunit as being associated with the SA-binding site and found that trypsin promotes the use of cell surface SA by PDCoV. Furthermore, different swine enteric coronaviruses use SLC35A1 differently for infection. This is the first study to screen host factors required for PDCoV replication using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 functional knockout, thereby providing clues for developing antiviral drugs against PDCoV infection.
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A Review of Bioactive Compounds against Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102217. [PMID: 36298772 PMCID: PMC9607050 DOI: 10.3390/v14102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig diarrhea is a universal problem in the process of pig breeding, which seriously affects the development of the pig industry. Porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECoVs) are common pathogens causing diarrhea in pigs, currently including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). With the prosperity of world transportation and trade, the spread of viruses is becoming wider and faster, making it even more necessary to prevent PECoVs. In this paper, the host factors required for the efficient replication of these CoVs and the compounds that exhibit inhibitory effects on them were summarized to promote the development of drugs against PECoVs. This study will be also helpful in discovering general host factors that affect the replication of CoVs and provide references for the prevention and treatment of other CoVs.
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Ruan J, Zhang X, Zhao S, Xie S. Advances in CRISPR-Based Functional Genomics and Nucleic Acid Detection in Pigs. Front Genet 2022; 13:891098. [PMID: 35711930 PMCID: PMC9195075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuying Zhang
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Tse LV, Meganck RM, Araba KC, Yount BL, Shaffer KM, Hou YJ, Munt JE, Adams LE, Wykoff JA, Morowitz JM, Dong S, Magness ST, Marzluff WF, Gonzalez LM, Ehre C, Baric RS. Genomewide CRISPR knockout screen identified PLAC8 as an essential factor for SADS-CoVs infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118126119. [PMID: 35476513 PMCID: PMC9170153 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118126119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses poses an ongoing threat to human populations. Endemic outbreaks of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) have caused severe economic losses in the pig industry and have the potential to cause human outbreaks. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific antivirals against SADS-CoV, and our limited understanding of SADS-CoV host entry factors could hinder prompt responses to a potential human outbreak. Using a genomewide CRISPR knockout screen, we identified placenta-associated 8 protein (PLAC8) as an essential host factor for SADS-CoV infection. Knockout of PLAC8 abolished SADS-CoV infection, which was restored by complementing PLAC8 from multiple species, including human, rhesus macaques, mouse, pig, pangolin, and bat, suggesting a conserved infection pathway and susceptibility of SADS-CoV among mammals. Mechanistically, PLAC8 knockout does not affect viral entry; rather, knockout cells displayed a delay and reduction in viral subgenomic RNA expression. In a swine primary intestinal epithelial culture (IEC) infection model, differentiated cultures have high levels of PLAC8 expression and support SADS-CoV replication. In contrast, expanding IECs have low levels of PLAC8 expression and are resistant to SADS-CoV infection. PLAC8 expression patterns translate in vivo; the immunohistochemistry of swine ileal tissue revealed high levels of PLAC8 protein in neonatal compared to adult tissue, mirroring the known SADS-CoV pathogenesis in neonatal piglets. Overall, PLAC8 is an essential factor for SADS-CoV infection and may serve as a promising target for antiviral development for potential pandemic SADS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Rita M. Meganck
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Kenza C. Araba
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Boyd L. Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Kendall M. Shaffer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Yixuan J. Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Jennifer E. Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Lily E. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Jason A. Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Jeremy M. Morowitz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - William F. Marzluff
- Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Liara M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
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