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Yao XT, Li PP, Liu J, Yang YY, Luo ZL, Jiang HT, He WG, Luo HH, Deng YX, He BC. Wnt/β-Catenin Promotes the Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Down-Regulating Cyp26b1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:705-723. [PMID: 37010733 PMCID: PMC10352185 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes the osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), but the intrinsic relationship between BMP9 and ATRA keeps unknown. Herein, we investigated the effect of Cyp26b1, a critical enzyme of ATRA degradation, on the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and unveiled possible mechanism through which BMP9 regulates the expression of Cyp26b1. METHODS ATRA content was detected with ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS. PCR, Western blot, and histochemical staining were used to assay the osteogenic markers. Fetal limbs culture, cranial defect repair model, and micro-computed tomographic were used to evaluate the quality of bone formation. IP and ChIP assay were used to explore possible mechanism. RESULTS We found that the protein level of Cyp26b1 was increased with age, whereas the ATRA content decreased. The osteogenic markers induced by BMP9 were increased by inhibiting or silencing Cyp26b1 but reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. The BMP9-induced bone formation was enhanced by inhibiting Cyp26b1. The cranial defect repair was promoted by BMP9, which was strengthened by silencing Cyp26b1 and reduced by exogenous Cyp26b1. Mechanically, Cyp26b1 was reduced by BMP9, which was enhanced by activating Wnt/β-catenin, and reduced by inhibiting this pathway. β-catenin interacts with Smad1/5/9, and both were recruited at the promoter of Cyp26b1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested the BMP9-induced osteoblastic differentiation was mediated by activating retinoic acid signalling, viadown-regulating Cyp26b1. Meanwhile, Cyp26b1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone-related diseases or accelerating bone-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Ji'nan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ling Luo
- Taizhou Food Inspection Centre, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ge He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu Q, Tan M, Wang C, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Gu Y, Guo Y, Han J, Li L, Jiang R, Fan X, Xie H, Wang L, Gu Z, Liu D, Shi J, Feng X. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the temporomandibular joint condyle in 3 and 4-month-old human embryos. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:130. [PMID: 37468984 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex joint consisting of the condyle, the temporal articular surface, and the articular disc. Functions such as mastication, swallowing and articulation are accomplished by the movements of the TMJ. To date, the TMJ has been studied more extensively, but the types of TMJ cells, their differentiation, and their interrelationship during growth and development are still unclear and the study of the TMJ is limited. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular cellular atlas of the human embryonic temporomandibular joint condyle (TMJC) by single-cell RNA sequencing, which will contribute to understanding and solving clinical problems. RESULTS Human embryos at 3 and 4 months of age are an important stage of TMJC development. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of TMJC tissue from human embryos at 3 and 4 months of age using single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 16,624 cells were captured and the gene expression profiles of 15 cell clusters in human embryonic TMJC were determined, including 14 known cell types and one previously unknown cell type, "transition state cells (TSCs)". Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that TSCs are not the same cell cluster as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Pseudotime trajectory and RNA velocity analysis revealed that MSCs transformed into TSCs, which further differentiated into osteoblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes and tenocytes. In addition, chondrocytes (CYTL1high + THBS1high) from secondary cartilage were detected only in 4-month-old human embryonic TMJC. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an atlas of differentiation stages of human embryonic TMJC tissue cells, which will contribute to an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of the TMJC tissue repair process and ultimately help to solve clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqi Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Miaoying Tan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yijun Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianpeng Han
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongrong Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases Second Affiliated Hospital Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Vogiatzi A, Keklikoglou K, Makris K, Argyrou DS, Zacharopoulos A, Sotiropoulou V, Parthenios N, Gkikas A, Kokkori M, Richardson MSW, Fenwick AL, Archontidi S, Arvanitidis C, Robertson J, Parthenios J, Zacharakis G, Twigg SRF, Wilkie AOM, Mavrothalassitis G. Development of Erf-Mediated Craniosynostosis and Pharmacological Amelioration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7961. [PMID: 37175668 PMCID: PMC10178537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) insufficiency causes craniosynostosis (CRS4) in humans and mice. ERF is an ETS domain transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk1/2 phosphorylation via nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Here, we analyze the onset and development of the craniosynostosis phenotype in an Erf-insufficient mouse model and evaluate the potential of the residual Erf activity augmented by pharmacological compounds to ameliorate the disease. Erf insufficiency appears to cause an initially compromised frontal bone formation and subsequent multisuture synostosis, reflecting distinct roles of Erf on the cells that give rise to skull and facial bones. We treated animals with Mek1/2 and nuclear export inhibitors, U0126 and KPT-330, respectively, to increase Erf activity by two independent pathways. We implemented both a low dosage locally over the calvaria and a systemic drug administration scheme to evaluate the possible indirect effects from other systems and minimize toxicity. The treatment of mice with either the inhibitors or the administration scheme alleviated the synostosis phenotype with minimal adverse effects. Our data suggest that the ERF level is an important regulator of cranial bone development and that pharmacological modulation of its activity may represent a valid intervention approach both in CRS4 and in other syndromic forms of craniosynostosis mediated by the FGFR-RAS-ERK-ERF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- IMBB, FORTH, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angelos Gkikas
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Kokkori
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Melodie S. W. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Aimée L. Fenwick
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sofia Archontidi
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- LifeWatch ERIC, Sector II-II, Plaza de España, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen R. F. Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Andrew O. M. Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- IMBB, FORTH, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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4
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Roth DM, Souter K, Graf D. Craniofacial sutures: Signaling centres integrating mechanosensation, cell signaling, and cell differentiation. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151258. [PMID: 35908436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial sutures are dynamic structures in which stem cell biology, bone formation, and mechanical forces interface, influencing the shape of the skull throughout development and beyond. Over the past decade, there has been significant progress in understanding mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) differentiation in the context of suture development and genetic control of suture pathologies, such as craniosynostosis. More recently, the mechanosensory function of sutures and the influence of mechanical signals on craniofacial development have come to the forefront. There is currently a gap in understanding of how mechanical signals integrate with MSC differentiation and ossification to ensure appropriate bone development and mediate postnatal growth surrounding sutures. In this review, we discuss the role of mechanosensation in the context of cranial sutures, and how mechanical stimuli are converted to biochemical signals influencing bone growth, suture patency, and fusion through mediation of cell differentiation. We integrate key knowledge from other paradigms where mechanosensation forms a critical component, such as bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement. The current state of the field regarding genetic, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of mechanotransduction will be contextualized within suture biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marta Roth
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Katherine Souter
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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5
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Tsiomita S, Liveri EM, Vardaka P, Vogiatzi A, Skiadaresis A, Saridis G, Tsigkas I, Michaelidis TM, Mavrothalassitis G, Thyphronitis G. ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) is involved in T lymphocyte maturation acting as regulator of thymocyte lineage commitment. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:641-657. [PMID: 35258130 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0720-439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation and lineage commitment is regulated by an extensive network of transcription factors and signaling molecules among which Erk plays a central role. However, Erk effectors as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this network are not well understood. Erf is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk-dependent phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the role of Erf in T cell maturation and lineage commitment, using a double-fluorescent Erf-floxed mouse to produce thymus-specific Erf knockouts. We observed significant accumulation of thymocytes in the CD4/CD8 DP stage, followed by a significant reduction in CD4SP cells, a trend for lower CD8SP cell frequency, and an elevated percentage of γδ expressing thymocytes in Erf-deficient mice. Also, an elevated number of CD69+ TCRβ+ cells indicates that thymocytes undergoing positive selection accumulate at this stage. The expression of transcription factors Gata3, ThPOK, and Socs1 that promote CD4+ cell commitment was significantly decreased in Erf-deficient mice. These findings suggest that Erf is involved in T cell maturation, acting as a positive regulator during CD4 and eventually CD8 lineage commitment, while negatively regulates the production of γδ T cells. In addition, Erf-deficient mice displayed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and elevated levels of IL-4 indicating that Erf may have an additional role in the homeostasis, differentiation, and immunologic response of helper and cytotoxic T cells in the periphery. Overall, our results show, for the first time, Erf's involvement in T cell biology suggesting that Erf acts as a potential regulator during thymocyte maturation and thymocyte lineage commitment, in γδ T cell generation, as well as in Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Tsiomita
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Maria Liveri
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Vardaka
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyris Skiadaresis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Saridis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsigkas
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theologos M Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,IMBB, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Thyphronitis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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