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Chowdhury MAN, Wang SW, Suen CS, Hwang MJ, Hsueh YA, Shieh SY. JAK2-CHK2 signaling safeguards the integrity of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and genome stability. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:619. [PMID: 35851582 PMCID: PMC9293949 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) plays an important role in safeguarding the mitotic progression, specifically the spindle assembly, though the mechanism of regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel mitotic phosphorylation site on CHK2 Tyr156, and its responsible kinase JAK2. Expression of a phospho-deficient mutant CHK2 Y156F or treatment with JAK2 inhibitor IV compromised mitotic spindle assembly, leading to genome instability. In contrast, a phospho-mimicking mutant CHK2 Y156E restored mitotic normalcy in JAK2-inhibited cells. Mechanistically, we show that this phosphorylation is required for CHK2 interaction with and phosphorylation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) kinase Mps1, and failure of which results in impaired Mps1 kinetochore localization and defective SAC. Concordantly, analysis of clinical cancer datasets revealed that deletion of JAK2 is associated with increased genome alteration; and alteration in CHEK2 and JAK2 is linked to preferential deletion or amplification of cancer-related genes. Thus, our findings not only reveal a novel JAK2-CHK2 signaling axis that maintains genome integrity through SAC but also highlight the potential impact on genomic stability with clinical JAK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Nayem Chowdhury
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Hsueh
- grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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JAK2 gene knockout inhibits corneal allograft rejection in mice by regulating dendritic cell-induced T cell immune tolerance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:289. [PMID: 35710633 PMCID: PMC9203759 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal allograft rejection can be seen in some patients after corneal transplantation. The present study intends to investigate whether JAK2 gene knockout affects corneal allograft rejection through regulation of dendritic cells (DCs)-induced T cell immune tolerance. In order to identify the target gene related to corneal allograft rejection, high-throughput mRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. JAK2 knockout mice were constructed and subjected to corneal allograft transplantation. The incidence of immune rejection was observed, the percentage of CD4+ T cells was detected, and the expression of Th1 cytokine interferon γ (IFN-γ) was determined. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to analyze the effects of JAK2 gene knockout on bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). JAK2 was the target gene related to corneal allograft rejection. JAK2 gene knockout contributed to significantly prolonged survival time of corneal grafts in mice and inhibited corneal allograft rejection. The in vitro cell experiment further confirmed that JAK2 gene knockout contributed to the inactivation of CD4+ T cells and induced IFN-γ expression, accompanied by inhibition of DC immune function, development, maturation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, JAK2 gene knockout inactivates CD4+ T cells to decrease IFN-γ expression, as well as inhibits DC development, maturation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing corneal allograft rejection.
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Shahi A, Kahle J, Hopkins C, Diakonova M. The SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 target JAK2 to centrosome and regulate cell growth and centrosome amplification. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261098. [PMID: 35089929 PMCID: PMC8797172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is cytokine-activated non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Although JAK2 is mainly localized at the plasma membrane, it is also present on the centrosome. In this study, we demonstrated that JAK2 localization to the centrosome depends on the SH2 domain and intact kinase activity. We created JAK2 mutants deficient in centrosomal localization ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E). We showed that JAK2 WT clone strongly enhances cell proliferation as compared to control cells while JAK2 clones ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E) proliferate slower than JAK2 WT cells. These mutant clones also progress much slower through the cell cycle as compared to JAK2 WT clone and the enhanced proliferation of JAK2 WT cells is accompanied by increased S -> G2 progression. Both the SH2 domain and the kinase activity of JAK2 play a role in prolactin-dependent activation of JAK2 substrate STAT5. We showed that JAK2 is an important regulator of centrosome function as the SH2 domain of JAK2 regulates centrosome amplification. The cells overexpressing ΔSH2 and (ΔSH2, K-E) JAK2 have almost three-fold the amplified centrosomes of WT cells. In contrast, the kinase activity of JAK2 is dispensable for centrosome amplification. Our observations provide novel insight into the role of SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 in centrosome localization of JAK2 and in the regulation of cell growth and centrosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashirwad Shahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Jacob Kahle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Chandler Hopkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Diakonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Akoumianaki T, Vaporidi K, Diamantaki E, Pène F, Beau R, Gresnigt MS, Gkountzinopulou M, Venichaki M, Drakos E, El-Benna J, Samonis G, Le KTT, Kumar V, Georgopoulos D, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Latge JP, Chamilos G. Uncoupling of IL-6 signaling and LC3-associated phagocytosis drives immunoparalysis during sepsis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1277-1293.e6. [PMID: 34214493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune deactivation of phagocytes is a central event in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Herein, we identify a master regulatory role of IL-6 signaling on LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and reveal that uncoupling of these two processes during sepsis induces immunoparalysis in monocytes/macrophages. In particular, we demonstrate that activation of LAP by the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus depends on ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. Physiologically, autocrine IL-6/JAK2/Ninein axis orchestrates microtubule organization and dynamics regulating ERK recruitment to the phagosome and LC3+ phagosome (LAPosome) formation. In sepsis, loss of IL-6 signaling specifically abrogates microtubule-mediated trafficking of ERK, leading to defective activation of LAP and impaired killing of bacterial and fungal pathogens by monocytes/macrophages, which can be selectively restored by IL-6 supplementation. Our work uncovers a molecular pathway linking IL-6 signaling with LAP and provides insight into the mechanisms underlying immunoparalysis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Akoumianaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Vaporidi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Diamantaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Medical ICU, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Remi Beau
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Gkountzinopulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Venichaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Drakos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM U1149, CNRS-ERL 8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - George Samonis
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kieu T T Le
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Georgopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine (463) and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Latge
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 71300 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Casein kinase TbCK1.2 regulates division of kinetoplast DNA, and movement of basal bodies in the African trypanosome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249908. [PMID: 33861760 PMCID: PMC8051774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The single mitochondrial nucleoid (kinetoplast) of Trypanosoma brucei is found proximal to a basal body (mature (mBB)/probasal body (pBB) pair). Kinetoplast inheritance requires synthesis of, and scission of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) generating two kinetoplasts that segregate with basal bodies into daughter cells. Molecular details of kinetoplast scission and the extent to which basal body separation influences the process are unavailable. To address this topic, we followed basal body movements in bloodstream trypanosomes following depletion of protein kinase TbCK1.2 which promotes kinetoplast division. In control cells we found that pBBs are positioned 0.4 um from mBBs in G1, and they mature after separating from mBBs by at least 0.8 um: mBB separation reaches ~2.2 um. These data indicate that current models of basal body biogenesis in which pBBs mature in close proximity to mBBs may need to be revisited. Knockdown of TbCK1.2 produced trypanosomes containing one kinetoplast and two nuclei (1K2N), increased the percentage of cells with uncleaved kDNA 400%, decreased mBB spacing by 15%, and inhibited cytokinesis 300%. We conclude that (a) separation of mBBs beyond a threshold of 1.8 um correlates with division of kDNA, and (b) TbCK1.2 regulates kDNA scission. We propose a Kinetoplast Division Factor hypothesis that integrates these data into a pathway for biogenesis of two daughter mitochondrial nucleoids.
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Wang J, Bai T, Wang N, Li H, Guo X. Neuroprotective potential of imatinib in global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury: possible role of Janus-activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and connexin 43. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:11-18. [PMID: 31908570 PMCID: PMC6940502 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of imatinib in global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury along with possible mechanisms. Global ischemia was induced in mice by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 20 min, which was followed by reperfusion for 24 h by restoring the blood flow to the brain. The extent of cerebral injury was assessed after 24 h of global ischemia by measuring the locomotor activity (actophotometer test), motor coordination (inclined beam walking test), neurological severity score, learning and memory (object recognition test) and cerebral infarction (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride stain). Ischemia-reperfusion injury produced significant cerebral infarction, impaired the behavioral parameters and decreased the expression of connexin 43 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in the brain. A single dose administration of imatinib (20 and 40 mg/kg) attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced behavioral deficits and the extent of cerebral infarction along with the restoration of connexin 43 and p-STAT3 levels. However, administration of AG490, a selective Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective actions of imatinib and decreased the expression of connexin 43 and p-STAT3. It is concluded that imatinib has the potential of attenuating global ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral injury, which may be possibly attributed to activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway along with the increase in the expression of connexin 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taomin Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Bernatik O, Pejskova P, Vyslouzil D, Hanakova K, Zdrahal Z, Cajanek L. Phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in ciliogenesis by Tau Tubulin kinase 2. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1032-1046. [PMID: 32129703 PMCID: PMC7346730 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-06-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are organelles necessary for proper implementation of developmental and homeostasis processes. To initiate their assembly, coordinated actions of multiple proteins are needed. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a key player in the cilium assembly pathway, controlling the final step of cilia initiation. The function of TTBK2 in ciliogenesis is critically dependent on its kinase activity; however, the precise mechanism of TTBK2 action has so far not been fully understood due to the very limited information about its relevant substrates. In this study, we demonstrate that CEP83, CEP89, CCDC92, Rabin8, and DVL3 are substrates of TTBK2 kinase activity. Further, we characterize a set of phosphosites of those substrates and CEP164 induced by TTBK2 in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, we further show that identified TTBK2 phosphosites and consensus sequence delineated from those are distinct from motifs previously assigned to TTBK2. Finally, we show that TTBK2 is also required for efficient phosphorylation of many S/T sites in CEP164 and provide evidence that TTBK2-induced phosphorylations of CEP164 modulate its function, which in turn seems relevant for the process of cilia formation. In summary, our work provides important insight into the substrates-TTBK2 kinase relationship and suggests that phosphorylation of substrates on multiple sites by TTBK2 is probably involved in the control of ciliogenesis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bernatik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pejskova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Vyslouzil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hanakova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cajanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yu F, Lin Y, Xu X, Liu W, Tang D, Zhou X, Wang G, Zheng Y, Xie A. Knockdown of GSG2 inhibits prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:139-150. [PMID: 32319597 PMCID: PMC7252458 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer related death among men worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the role of germ cell-specific gene 2 protein (GSG2), also termed histone H3 phosphorylated by GSG2 at threonine 3, in the development and progression of PCa. GSG2 expression levels in PCa tissues and para carcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The GSG2 knockdown cell model was constructed by lentivirus infec tion, and the knockdown efficiency was verified by qPCR and WB. In addition, the effects of shGSG2 on cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis were evaluated by Celigo cell counting assay, Giemsa staining and flow cytometry, respec tively. Tumor development in nude mice was also detected. GSG2 expression was upregulated in PCa tissues and human PCa cell lines PC 3 and DU 145. High expression of GSG2 in tumor samples was associated with progressed tumors. GSG2 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and colony forma tion, but promoted apoptosis, which was also verified in vivo. The results of the present study revealed that GSG2 upregula tion was associated with PCa progression; GSG2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis, and may therefore serve as a potential therapeutic target for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - An Xie
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Regulation of Microtubule Nucleation in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040345. [PMID: 30979083 PMCID: PMC6523986 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigen-mediated activation of mast cells initiates signaling events leading to their degranulation, to the release of inflammatory mediators, and to the synthesis of cytokines and chemokines. Although rapid and transient microtubule reorganization during activation has been described, the molecular mechanisms that control their rearrangement are largely unknown. Microtubule nucleation is mediated by γ-tubulin complexes. In this study, we report on the regulation of microtubule nucleation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) by Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1; Ptpn6). Reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments and pull-down assays revealed that SHP-1 is present in complexes containing γ-tubulin complex proteins and protein tyrosine kinase Syk. Microtubule regrowth experiments in cells with deleted SHP-1 showed a stimulation of microtubule nucleation, and phenotypic rescue experiments confirmed that SHP-1 represents a negative regulator of microtubule nucleation in BMMCs. Moreover, the inhibition of the SHP-1 activity by inhibitors TPI-1 and NSC87877 also augmented microtubule nucleation. The regulation was due to changes in γ-tubulin accumulation. Further experiments with antigen-activated cells showed that the deletion of SHP-1 stimulated the generation of microtubule protrusions, the activity of Syk kinase, and degranulation. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for the suppression of microtubule formation in the later stages of mast cell activation.
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10
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Zhang J, Liu C, You G. AG490, a JAK2-specific inhibitor, downregulates the expression and activity of organic anion transporter-3. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:142-148. [PMID: 29487013 PMCID: PMC7863619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human organic anion transporter-3 (hOAT3) is richly expressed in the kidney, where it plays critical roles in the secretion of clinically important drugs, including anti-viral therapeutics, anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, antihypertensives, and anti-inflammatories. In the current study, we examined the role of AG490, a specific inhibitor of the Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2), in hOAT3 transport activity in the kidney COS-7 cells. AG490 induced a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of hOAT3-mediated uptake of estrone sulfate, a prototypical substrate for the transporter. The inhibitory effect of AG490 correlated with a reduced expression of hOAT3 at the cell surface. Our lab previously demonstrated that Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin ligase, down regulates OAT expression and transport activity by enhancing OAT ubiquitination, which leads to an internalization of OAT from cell surface to intracellular compartments and subsequent degradation. In the current study, we showed that treatment of hOAT3-expressing cells with AG490 resulted in an enhanced hOAT3 ubiquitination and degradation, which was accompanied by a strengthened association of Nedd4-2 with hOAT3 and a reduction in Nedd4-2 phosphorylation. SiRNA knockdown of endogenous Nedd4-2 abrogated the effects of AG490 on hOAT3. In summary, our study demonstrated that AG490 regulates hOAT3 expression and transport activity through the modulation of Nedd4-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Chenchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Strauss KA, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Brigatti KW, Williams KB, King AK, Van Hout C, Robinson DL, Young M, Praveen K, Heaps AD, Kuebler M, Baras A, Reid JG, Overton JD, Dewey FE, Jinks RN, Finnegan I, Mellis SJ, Shuldiner AR, Puffenberger EG. Genomic diagnostics within a medically underserved population: efficacy and implications. Genet Med 2017; 20:31-41. [PMID: 28726809 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeWe integrated whole-exome sequencing (WES) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) into a clinical workflow to serve an endogamous, uninsured, agrarian community.MethodsSeventy-nine probands (newborn to 49.8 years) who presented between 1998 and 2015 remained undiagnosed after biochemical and molecular investigations. We generated WES data for probands and family members and vetted variants through rephenotyping, segregation analyses, and population studies.ResultsThe most common presentation was neurological disease (64%). Seven (9%) probands were diagnosed by CMA. Family WES data were informative for 37 (51%) of the 72 remaining individuals, yielding a specific genetic diagnosis (n = 32) or revealing a novel molecular etiology (n = 5). For five (7%) additional subjects, negative WES decreased the likelihood of genetic disease. Compared to trio analysis, "family" WES (average seven exomes per proband) reduced filtered candidate variants from 22 ± 6 to 5 ± 3 per proband. Nineteen (51%) alleles were de novo and 17 (46%) inherited; the latter added to a population-based diagnostic panel. We found actionable secondary variants in 21 (4.2%) of 502 subjects, all of whom opted to be informed.ConclusionCMA and family-based WES streamline and economize diagnosis of rare genetic disorders, accelerate novel gene discovery, and create new opportunities for community-based screening and prevention in underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alejandra K King
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Cristopher Van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Millie Young
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kavita Praveen
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Adam D Heaps
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mindy Kuebler
- Clinic for Special Children, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - John D Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Frederick E Dewey
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Finnegan
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott J Mellis
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
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Cheang TY, Zhou HY, Chen W, Zhang B, Liu L, Yang J, Wang S, Li H. C14orf166 overexpression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis of breast cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 14:54. [PMID: 26883017 PMCID: PMC4756411 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 14 open reading frame 166 (C14orf166) is upregulated in various tumors, but its role in breast cancer has not been reported. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to determine C14orf166 expression in normal breast epithelial cells (NBEC), breast cancer cells, and four matched pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Using immunohistochemistry, we determined C14orf166 expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 121 breast cancer patients. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the associations among C14or166 expression, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis outcome of breast cancer. MTT and colony formation assay were used to determine the effect of C14orf166 on cell proliferation by overexpression or knockdown of C14orf166 level. RESULTS C14orf166 was upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and tissues compared with the normal cells and adjacent normal breast tissues, high C14orf166 expression was positively with advancing clinical stage. The correlation analysis between C14orf166 expression and clinicopathological characteristics suggested C14orf166 expression was significantly correlated with clinical stages, T classification, N classification and PR expression, Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank tests showed patients with low C14orf166 expression had better survival, Cox-regression analysis suggested C14orf166 was an unfavorable prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. C14orf166 overexpression promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of C14orf166 inhibited this effect. Further analysis found C14orf166 overexpression inhibited cell cycle inhibitors P21 and P27 expression, and increased the levels of Cyclin D1 and phosphorylation of Rb, suggesting C14orf166 contributed to cell proliferation by regulating G1/S transition. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested C14orf166 could be a novel prognostic biomarker of breast cancer, it also contributes to cell proliferation by regulating G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck-yun Cheang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangshuai Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianyong Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenming Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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