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Tang H, Du Y, Tan Z, Li D, Xie J. METTL14-mediated HOXA5 m 6A modification alleviates osteoporosis via promoting WNK1 transcription to suppress NLRP3-dependent macrophage pyroptosis. J Orthop Translat 2024; 48:190-203. [PMID: 39280633 PMCID: PMC11393600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a commonly diagnosed metabolic bone disease. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis are observed during osteoporosis. However, the mechanism by which NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis contributes to osteoporosis remains largely undefined. Methods Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were employed as an in vivo model of osteoclastogenesis. H&E staining and micro-CT detected the histological changes and bone parameters in the femur tissues. RANKL-treated macrophages were used as the in vitro model of osteoclastogenesis, and LPS/ATP treatment was used as the macrophage pyroptosis model. The cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and caspase-1 activity were assessed by LDH release assay, ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. The osteoclast formation ability was detected by TRAP staining. qRT-PCR, IHC and Western blotting detected the expression and localization of METTL14, pyroptosis-related or osteoclast-specific molecules in femur tissues or macrophages. Mechanistically, MeRIP assessed the m6A modification of HOXA5. Luciferase and ChIP assays were employed to detect the direct association between HOXA5 and WNK1 promoter in macrophages. Results METTL14, HOXA5 and WNK1 were decreased in OVX mice, which was associated with pyroptosis. METTL14 or HOXA5 overexpression suppressed macrophage-osteoclast differentiation and pyroptosis, along with the upregulation of WNK1. METTL14-mediated m6A modification stabilized HOXA5 mRNA and increased its expression, and HOXA5 regulated WNK1 expression via direct binding to its promoter. Functional studies showed that WNK1 knockdown counteracted METTL14- or HOXA5-suppressed pyroptosis and macrophage-osteoclast differentiation. In OVX mice, overexpression of METTL14 or HOXA5 alleviated osteoporosis via suppressing WNK1-dependent NLRP3 signaling. Conclusion METTL14-mediated HOXA5 m6A modification increased its expression, thereby inducing WNK1 expression and suppressing NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis to alleviate osteoporosis. The combination of METTL14 or HOXA5 agonist with pyroptosis targeted therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach for osteoporosis. The Translational Potential of this Article· •METTL14 or HOXA5 overexpression suppressed macrophage-osteoclast differentiation and pyroptosis in macrophages.·•METTL14-mediated m6A modification stabilized HOXA5 mRNA and increased its expression.•HOXA5 regulated WNK1 expression via direct binding to its promoter.•Silencing of WNK1 reversed METTL14- or HOXA5-suppressed pyroptosis and macrophageosteoclast differentiation.·•METTL14 or HOXA5 overexpression alleviated osteoporosis via suppressing WNK1-dependent NLRP3 signaling in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zejiu Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dongpeng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Wu Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Li Y, Zhang K, Gosar N, Li Q, Mao J, Gong S. Proanthocyanidins Ameliorate LPS-Inhibited Osteogenesis of PDLSCs by Restoring Lysine Lactylation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2947. [PMID: 38474198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of periodontal supporting tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, which is an important stem cell source for endogenous periodontal tissue regeneration. Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novel post-translational modification of proteins that is recently thought to be associated with osteogenic differentiation. Here, we found that lactylation levels are reduced both in the periodontal tissue of rats with periodontitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human PDLSCs. Proanthocyanidins were able to promote the osteogenesis of inflamed PDLSCs by restoring lactylation levels. Mechanistically, proanthocyanidins increased lactate production and restored the lactylation levels of PDLSCs, which recovered osteogenesis of inflamed PDLSCs via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results provide evidence on how epigenetic regulation by pharmacological agents influence the osteogenic phenotype of stem cells and the process of periodontal tissue repair. Our current study highlights the valuable potential of natural product proanthocyanidins in the regenerative engineering of periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Xiangyao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Zhihao Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Nuerlan Gosar
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
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Hansen MS, Madsen K, Price M, Søe K, Omata Y, Zaiss MM, Gorvin CM, Frost M, Rauch A. Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity. Bone Res 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38263167 PMCID: PMC10806178 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis, which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone formation. As novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed, understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment targets. This study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts were differentiated from CD14+ monocytes from eight female donors. RNA sequencing during differentiation revealed 8 980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across donors. These patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density SNPs. Network analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional networks. The donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage, such as filamin B (FLNB) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1, encoding LOX-1), that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. The expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation, and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs, suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and activity. The regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1 (C5AR1), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120). Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation, while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts, and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. In conclusion, we report the occurrence of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation and identified SSTR2 and FFAR4 as antiresorptive G-protein coupled receptors and FLNB and LOX-1 as potential molecular markers of osteoclast activity. These data can help future investigations identify molecular regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activity and provide the basis for novel antiosteoporotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Hansen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaja Madsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Price
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Morten Frost
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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Huang Y, Tao M, Yan S, He X. Long non-coding RNA Homeobox D gene cluster antisense growth-associated long noncoding RNA/microRNA-182-5p/Homeobox protein A10 alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis via accelerating osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:726. [PMID: 37752532 PMCID: PMC10523602 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have illuminated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) influences bone cell differentiation and formation. Nevertheless, whether lncRNA Homeobox D gene cluster antisense growth-associated long noncoding RNA (HAGLR) was implicated in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) was yet uncertain. PURPOSE The research was to explore HAGLR's role in the osteogenic differentiation (OD) process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues and identified by electron microscope and flow cytometry. HAGLR, microRNA (miR)-182-5p, and homeobox protein A10 (Hoxa10) levels in BMSCs were detected. Mouse BMSC OD process was induced, and calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase content were analyzed, as well as expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin, and cell apoptosis. Bilateral ovaries were resected from mice to construct the ovariectomized model and bone mineral density, maximum bending stress, maximum load, and elastic modulus of the femur were tested, and the femur was histopathologically evaluated. Chondrocyte apoptosis in the articular cartilage of mice was analyzed. Analysis of the interaction of HAGLR, miR-182-5p with Hoxa10 was conducted. RESULTS HAGLR and Hoxa10 were down-regulated and miR-182-5p was elevated in PMOP patients. During the BMSC OD process, HAGLR and Hoxa10 levels were suppressed, while miR-182-5p was elevated. Promotion of HAGLR or suppression of miR-182-5p accelerated OD of BMSCs. Inhibition of miR-182-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of HAGLR on BMSC OD. In in vivo experiments, up-regulating HAGLR alleviated PMOP, while silencing Hoxa10 reversed the effects of upregulating HAGLR. HAGLR performed as a sponge for miR-182-5p, while miR-182-5p targeted Hoxa10. CONCLUSION In general, HAGLR boosted the OD process of BMSCs and relieved PMOP via the miR-182-5p/Hoxa10 axis. These data preliminarily reveal the key role of HAGLR in PMOP, and the research results have a certain reference for the treatment of PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeJian Huang
- Department of Spine and Traumatology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang City, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - MingGao Tao
- Department of Spine and Traumatology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang City, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - ShiXian Yan
- Department of Spine and Traumatology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang City, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - XueMing He
- Department of Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 379, Tongshan Road, Dongdianzi, Long District, Lianyungang City, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Yalaev BI, Khusainova RI. Epigenetic regulation of bone remodeling and its role in the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:401-410. [PMID: 37465189 PMCID: PMC10350859 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of molecular mechanisms of primary osteoporosis development is fundamental to understand the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal diseases in general and for identifying key links in the genetic and epigenetic regulation of bone remodelling genes. The number of identified molecular genetic markers for osteoporosis is increasing but there is a need to describe their functional interactions. These interactions have been determined to be associated with the control of expression of a number of transcription factors and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the pathway of osteoblastogenesis or adipogenesis, and monocytic precursors through the pathway of osteoclastogenesis. The results of epigenetic studies have significantly increased the understanding of the role of post-translational modifications of histones, DNA methylation and RNA interference in the osteoporosis pathogenesis and in bone remodelling. However, the knowledge should be systematised and generalised according to the results of research on the role of epigenetic modifiers in the development of osteoporosis, and the influence of each epigenetic mechanism on the individual links of bone remodelling during ontogenesis of humans in general, including the elderly, should be described. Understanding which mechanisms and systems are involved in the development of this nosology is of interest for the development of targeted therapies, as the possibility of using microRNAs to regulate genes is now being considered. Systematisation of these data is important to investigate the differences in epigenetic marker arrays by race and ethnicity. The review article analyses references to relevant reviews and original articles, classifies information on current advances in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in osteoporosis and reviews the results of studies of epigenetic mechanisms on individual links of bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Yalaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R I Khusainova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
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Irfan D, Ahmad I, Patra I, Margiana R, Rasulova MT, Sivaraman R, Kandeel M, Mohammad HJ, Al-Qaim ZH, Jawad MA, Mustafa YF, Ansari MJ. Stem cell-derived exosomes in bone healing: focusing on their role in angiogenesis. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:353-361. [PMID: 36241491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fractures in bone, a tissue critical in protecting other organs, affect patients' quality of life and have a heavy economic burden on societies. Based on regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering approaches, stem cells have become a promising and attractive strategy for repairing bone fractures via differentiation into bone-forming cells and production of favorable mediators. Recent evidence suggests that stem cell-derived exosomes could mediate the therapeutic effects of their counterpart cells and provide a cell-free therapeutic strategy in bone repair. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis is critical in bone fracture healing; thus, developing therapeutic strategies to promote angiogenesis will facilitate bone regeneration and healing. To this end, stem cell-derived exosomes with angiogenic potency have been developed to improve fracture healing. This review summarizes the effects of stem cell-derived exosomes on the repair of bone tissue, focusing on the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Irfan
- School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | | | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Leclerc K, Remark LH, Ramsukh M, Josephson AM, Palma L, Parente PEL, Sambon M, Lee S, Lopez EM, Morgani SM, Leucht P. Hox genes are crucial regulators of periosteal stem cell identity. Development 2023; 150:dev201391. [PMID: 36912250 PMCID: PMC10112919 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Periosteal stem and progenitor cells (PSPCs) are major contributors to bone maintenance and repair. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that regulate their function is crucial for the successful generation and application of future therapeutics. Here, we pinpoint Hox transcription factors as necessary and sufficient for periosteal stem cell function. Hox genes are transcriptionally enriched in periosteal stem cells and their overexpression in more committed progenitors drives reprogramming to a naïve, self-renewing stem cell-like state. Crucially, individual Hox family members are expressed in a location-specific manner and their stem cell-promoting activity is only observed when the Hox gene is matched to the anatomical origin of the PSPC, demonstrating a role for the embryonic Hox code in adult stem cells. Finally, we demonstrate that Hoxa10 overexpression partially restores the age-related decline in fracture repair. Together, our data highlight the importance of Hox genes as key regulators of PSPC identity in skeletal homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Leclerc
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lindsey H. Remark
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Malissa Ramsukh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anne Marie Josephson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura Palma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paulo E. L. Parente
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Margaux Sambon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Emma Muiños Lopez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Sophie M. Morgani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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8
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Liu Z, Suh JS, Deng P, Bezouglaia O, Do M, Mirnia M, Cui ZK, Lee M, Aghaloo T, Wang CY, Hong C. Epigenetic Regulation of NGF-Mediated Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:818-830. [PMID: 35728620 PMCID: PMC9512103 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the best-characterized neurotrophin and is primarily recognized for its key role in the embryonic development of the nervous system and neuronal cell survival/differentiation. Recently, unexpected actions of NGF in bone regeneration have emerged as NGF is able to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, little is known regarding how NGF signaling regulates osteogenic differentiation through epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, using human dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), we demonstrated that NGF mediates osteogenic differentiation through p75NTR, a low-affinity NGF receptor. P75NTR-mediated NGF signaling activates the JNK cascade and the expression of KDM4B, an activating histone demethylase, by removing repressive H3K9me3 epigenetic marks. Mechanistically, NGF-activated c-Jun binds to the KDM4B promoter region and directly upregulates KDM4B expression. Subsequently, KDM4B directly and epigenetically activates DLX5, a master osteogenic gene, by demethylating H3K9me3 marks. Furthermore, we revealed that KDM4B and c-Jun from the JNK signaling pathway work in concert to regulate NGF-mediated osteogenic differentiation through simultaneous recruitment to the promoter region of DLX5. We identified KDM4B as a key epigenetic regulator during the NGF-mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo using the calvarial defect regeneration mouse model. In conclusion, our study thoroughly elucidated the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms during NGF-mediated osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Liu
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Sook Suh
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peng Deng
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olga Bezouglaia
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan Do
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mojan Mirnia
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Hong
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Steens J, Klein D. HOX genes in stem cells: Maintaining cellular identity and regulation of differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1002909. [PMID: 36176275 PMCID: PMC9514042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells display a unique cell type within the body that has the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types. Compared to pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells (ASC) such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit restricted differentiation capabilities that are limited to cell types typically found in the tissue of origin, which implicates that there must be a certain code or priming determined by the tissue of origin. HOX genes, a subset of homeobox genes encoding transcription factors that are generally repressed in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, emerged here as master regulators of cell identity and cell fate during embryogenesis, and in maintaining this positional identity throughout life as well as specifying various regional properties of respective tissues. Concurrently, intricate molecular circuits regulated by diverse stem cell-typical signaling pathways, balance stem cell maintenance, proliferation and differentiation. However, it still needs to be unraveled how stem cell-related signaling pathways establish and regulate ASC-specific HOX expression pattern with different temporal-spatial topography, known as the HOX code. This comprehensive review therefore summarizes the current knowledge of specific ASC-related HOX expression patterns and how these were integrated into stem cell-related signaling pathways. Understanding the mechanism of HOX gene regulation in stem cells may provide new ways to manipulate stem cell fate and function leading to improved and new approaches in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Regan JL, Schumacher D, Staudte S, Steffen A, Lesche R, Toedling J, Jourdan T, Haybaeck J, Golob-Schwarzl N, Mumberg D, Henderson D, Győrffy B, Regenbrecht CR, Keilholz U, Schäfer R, Lange M. Identification of a neural development gene expression signature in colon cancer stem cells reveals a role for EGR2 in tumorigenesis. iScience 2022; 25:104498. [PMID: 35720265 PMCID: PMC9204726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) can generate neurons that synapse with tumor innervating fibers required for tumorigenesis and disease progression. Greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CSC driven tumor neurogenesis may therefore lead to more effective treatments. RNA-sequencing analyses of ALDHPositive CSCs from colon cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) showed CSCs to be enriched for neural development genes. Functional analyses of genes differentially expressed in CSCs from PDO and PDX models demonstrated the neural crest stem cell (NCSC) regulator EGR2 to be required for tumor growth and to control expression of homebox superfamily embryonic master transcriptional regulator HOX genes and the neural stem cell and master cell fate regulator SOX2. These data support CSCs as the source of tumor neurogenesis and suggest that targeting EGR2 may provide a therapeutic differentiation strategy to eliminate CSCs and block nervous system driven disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Regan
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schumacher
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Staudte
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joern Toedling
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thibaud Jourdan
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Henderson
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Bayer AG, Business Development and Licensing and Open Innovation, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian R.A. Regenbrecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- CELLphenomics GmbH, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Malmhäll-Bah E, Andersson KME, Erlandsson MC, Akula MK, Brisslert M, Wiel C, El Zowalaty AE, Sayin VI, Bergö MO, Bokarewa MI. Rho-GTPase dependent leukocyte interaction generates pro-inflammatory thymic Tregs and causes arthritis. J Autoimmun 2022; 130:102843. [PMID: 35643017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Conditional mutation of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) in macrophages (GLC) activates Rho-GTPases and causes arthritis in mice. Knocking out Rag1 in GLC mice alleviates arthritis which indicates that lymphocytes are required for arthritis development in those mice. To study GLC dependent changes in the adaptive immunity, we isolated CD4+ T cells from GLC mice (CD4+GLCs). Spleen and joint draining lymph nodes (dLN) CD4+GLCs exhibited high expression of Cdc42 and Rac1, which repressed the caudal HOXA proteins and activated the mechanosensory complex to facilitate migration. These CDC42/RAC1 rich CD4+GLCs presented a complete signature of GARP+NRP1+IKZF2+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) of thymic origin. Activation of the β-catenin/Lef1 axis promoted a pro-inflammatory Th1 phenotype of Tregs, which was strongly associated with arthritis severity. Knockout of Cdc42 in macrophages of GLC mice affected CD4+ cell biology and triggered development of non-thymic Tregs. Knockout of Rac1 and RhoA had no such effects on CD4+ cells although it alleviated arthritis in GLC mice. Disrupting macrophage and T cell interaction with CTLA4 fusion protein reduced the Th1-driven inflammation and enrichment of thymic Tregs into dLNs. Antigen challenge reinforced the CD4+GLC phenotype in non-arthritic heterozygote GLC mice and increased accumulation of Rho-GTPase expressing thymic Tregs in dLNs. Our study demonstrates an unexpected role of macrophages in stimulating the development of pro-inflammatory thymic Tregs and reveal activation of Rho-GTPases behind their arthritogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Malmhäll-Bah
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna Stråket 16, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brisslert
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergö
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna Stråket 16, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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MiRNA-320a-5p contributes to the homeostasis of osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. Regen Ther 2022; 20:32-40. [PMID: 35402661 PMCID: PMC8968203 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A number of miRNAs and their targets were dragged in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We aimed to elaborate the underlying molecular mechanisms of miRNA-320a in the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Methods Trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH) and normal control samples (n = 10 for each group) were collected, followed by miRNA chip analysis to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological development of TIONFH. Lentiviral vector was used for overexpression and inhibition of miRNA-320a in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining were employed to determine the expression of interested genes at mRNA or protein level. Luciferase report assay was employed to determine the binding of miRNA-320a and RUNX2. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining were performed to observe the osteogenesis and Oil red O staining were conducted to visualize the adipogenesis. Results Expression of miRNA-320a was up-regulated while RUNX2 expression was down-regulated in TIONFH than Normal control. Luciferase report assay confirmed that miRNA-320a directly targeted to the 3′UTR of RUNX2. miRNA-320a overexpression significantly declined the expressions of osteogenesis-related markers: RUNX2, OSTERIX, Collagen I, Osteocalcin and Osteopontin. ALP and Alizarin red staining confirmed the inhibition function of miRNA-320a in osteogenesis of BMSCs. miRNA-320a inhibition significantly decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related markers: AP2, C/EBPα, FABP4 and PPARγ. Oil Red O staining confirmed the miRNA-320a inhibition reduced adipogenesis of BMSCs. Conclusions miRNA-320a inhibits osteoblast differentiation via targeting RUNX2 and promotes adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs.
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Yin J, Xiao W, Zhao Q, Sun J, Zhou W, Zhao W. MicroRNA-582-3p regulates osteoporosis through regulating homeobox A10 and osteoblast differentiation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:421-428. [PMID: 35285389 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2052895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Qingbin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Jungang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Wenzheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, PR. China
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The ERα/KDM6B regulatory axis modulates osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Res 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 34992221 PMCID: PMC8738748 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent public health burden associated with an increased risk of bone fracture, particularly in aging women. Estrogen, an important medicinal component for the preventative and therapeutic treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, induces osteogenesis by activating the estrogen receptor signaling pathway and upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). The epigenetic regulation of estrogen-mediated osteogenesis, however, is still unclear. In this report, we found that estrogen significantly induced the expression of lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and that KDM6B depletion by shRNAs led to a significant reduction in the osteogenic potential of DMSCs. Mechanistically, upon estrogen stimulation, estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was recruited to the KDM6B promoter, directly enhancing KDM6B expression. Subsequently, KDM6B was recruited to the BMP2 and HOXC6 promoters, resulting in the removal of H3K27me3 marks and activating the transcription of BMP2 and HOXC6, the master genes of osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we found that estrogen enhanced DMSC osteogenesis during calvarial bone regeneration and that estrogen's pro-osteogenic effect was dependent on KDM6B in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate the vital role of the ERα/KDM6B regulatory axis in the epigenetic regulation of the estrogen-dependent osteogenic response.
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15
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Genome-wide methylome pattern predictive network analysis reveal mesenchymal stem cell's propensity to undergo cardiovascular lineage. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:12. [PMID: 34966635 PMCID: PMC8660944 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation toward cardiovascular lineage prediction using the global methylome profile will highlight its prospective utility in regenerative medicine. We examined the propensity prediction to cardiovascular lineage using 5-Aza, a well-known cardiac lineage inducer. The customized 180 K microarray was performed and further analysis of global differentially methylated regions by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) in both MSCs and 5-AC-treated MSCs. The cluster enrichment tools sorted differentially enriched genes and further annotated to construct the interactive networks. Prediction analysis revealed pathways pertaining to the cardiovascular lineage found active in the native MSCs, suggesting its higher propensity to undergo cardiac, smooth muscle cell, and endothelial lineages in vitro. Interestingly, gene interaction network also proposed majorly stemness gene network NANOG and KLF6, cardiac-specific transcription factors GATA4, NKX2.5, and TBX5 were upregulated in the native MSCs. Furthermore, the expression of cardiovascular lineage specific markers such as Brachury, CD105, CD90, CD31, KDR and various forms of ACTIN (cardiac, sarcomeric, smooth muscle) were validated in native MSCs using real time PCR and immunostaining and blotting analysis. In 5-AC-treated MSCs, mosaic interactive networks were observed to persuade towards osteogenesis and cardiac lineage, indicating that 5-AC treatment resulted in nonspecific lineage induction in MSCs, while MSCs by default have a higher propensity to undergo cardiovascular lineage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03058-2.
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Inoue S, Takito J, Nakamura M. Site-Specific Fracture Healing: Comparison between Diaphysis and Metaphysis in the Mouse Long Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179299. [PMID: 34502206 PMCID: PMC8430651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of fracture healing varies depending upon internal and external factors, such as the fracture site, mode of injury, and mechanical environment. This review focuses on site-specific fracture healing, particularly diaphyseal and metaphyseal healing in mouse long bones. Diaphyseal fractures heal by forming the periosteal and medullary callus, whereas metaphyseal fractures heal by forming the medullary callus. Bone healing in ovariectomized mice is accompanied by a decrease in the medullary callus formation both in the diaphysis and metaphysis. Administration of estrogen after fracture significantly recovers the decrease in diaphyseal healing but fails to recover the metaphyseal healing. Thus, the two bones show different osteogenic potentials after fracture in ovariectomized mice. This difference may be attributed to the heterogeneity of the skeletal stem cells (SSCs)/osteoblast progenitors of the two bones. The Hox genes that specify the patterning of the mammalian skeleton during embryogenesis are upregulated during the diaphyseal healing. Hox genes positively regulate the differentiation of osteoblasts from SSCs in vitro. During bone grafting, the SSCs in the donor’s bone express Hox with adaptability in the heterologous bone. These novel functions of the Hox genes are discussed herein with reference to the site-specificity of fracture healing.
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Wang C, Li Y, Yu K, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Yang G. HOXA10 inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating β-catenin localization and DKK1 expression. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:393-401. [PMID: 32299243 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1756271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are stem cells found near the tooth periodontal ligament. These cels are involved in the regeneration of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during orthodontic treatment and chronic periodontitis.Objectives: The Homeobox gene HOXA10 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, the role of HOXA10 in hPDLSCs remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of HOXA10 on human PDLSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro.Methods: First, hPDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Second, we assessed the effects of overexpression and knockdown of HOXA10 on PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. Finally, the specific Wnt signaling pathway activator lithium chloride (LiCl) and inhibitor ICG-001 were used to investigate the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in HOXA10-induced regulation of osteogenic differentiation.Results: Overexpressing HOXA10 inhibited PDLSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro, shown by ALP and Alizarin Red staining, while HOXA10 knockdown demonstrated the opposite effects. HOXA10 negatively regulated nuclear β-catenin and osteogenic differentiation markers including alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP). Upregulating HOXA10 reduced nuclear β-catenin and increased DKK1 expression. However, HOXA10 knockdown enhanced nuclear β-catenin accumulation and reduced DKK1 expression. These negative effects on osteogenic differentiation by HOXA10 overexpression were restored by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator LiCl. The increased osteogenic differentiation effects of HOXA10 knockdown were antagonized by ICG-001, a Wnt pathway inhibitor.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that HOXA10 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating β-catenin localization and DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengze Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
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Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115445. [PMID: 34064134 PMCID: PMC8196788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone remodeling, a controlled and balanced process between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoblasts secrete matrix, with some being buried within the newly formed bone, and differentiate to osteocytes. During embryogenesis, bones are formed through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification. The former involves a direct differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor to osteoblasts, and the latter is through a cartilage template that is subsequently converted to bone. Advances in lineage tracing, cell sorting, and single-cell transcriptome studies have enabled new discoveries of gene regulation, and new populations of skeletal stem cells in multiple niches, including the cartilage growth plate, chondro-osseous junction, bone, and bone marrow, in embryonic development and postnatal life. Osteoblast differentiation is regulated by a master transcription factor RUNX2 and other factors such as OSX/SP7 and ATF4. Developmental and environmental cues affect the transcriptional activities of osteoblasts from lineage commitment to differentiation at multiple levels, fine-tuned with the involvement of co-factors, microRNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, circadian rhythm, and the microenvironments. In this review, we will discuss these topics in relation to transcriptional controls in osteogenesis.
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Histone modifications centric-regulation in osteogenic differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:91. [PMID: 33941771 PMCID: PMC8093204 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Histone modification critically contributes to the epigenetic control of gene expression by changing the configuration of chromatin and modifying the access of transcription factors to gene promoters. Recently, we observed that histone acetylation and crotonylation mediated the expression of endocytosis-related genes and tumor-related immune checkpoint genes by regulating the enrichment of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 on these gene promoters in Alzheimer's disease and tumorigenesis, suggesting that histone modification plays an important role in disease development. Furthermore, studies performed in the past decade revealed that histone modifications affect osteogenic differentiation by regulating the expression of osteogenic marker genes. In this review, we summarize and discuss the histone modification-centric regulation of osteogenic gene expression. This review improves the understanding of the role of histone modifications in osteogenic differentiation and describes its potential as a therapeutic target for osteogenic differentiation-related diseases.
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Zhang S, Ding X, Miao H, Wang L, Xian L, Han S, Zhang D, Li J. The Effects of MiR-320 on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Alveolar Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AB-BMSCs) have a biological morphology and antigen phenotype similar to those of BMSCs. However, the intrinsic characteristics of AB-BMSCs and their underlying mechanisms, in which the involvement of micro(mi)RNAs has been reported, remain
unknown. This study shows that miR-320c expression was significantly suppressed during osteoblastic differentiation of human AB-BMSCs. The overexpression of miR-320c markedly decreased cellular proliferation, intracellular activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and formation of calcium nodules;
mRNA levels of osteogenesis-related genes were significantly reduced compared to those in control cells. Calcium nodule formation in miR-320c-knockdown cells was significantly increased, and HOXA10, Runx2, and BGP mRNA levels were significantly increased compared to those in
control cells. These results indicate that miR-320c suppresss the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of AB-BMSCs, in part by decreasing ALP activity, cellular proliferation, mineralization, and expression of several osteogenesis-related genes. These results lay the basic foundation
for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of alveolar bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Xinguo Ding
- Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Haixia Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Lige Xian
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Sugui Han
- ClinicalLaboratory, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, 063001, China
| | - Di Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
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21
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Serres-Armero A, Davis BW, Povolotskaya IS, Morcillo-Suarez C, Plassais J, Juan D, Ostrander EA, Marques-Bonet T. Copy number variation underlies complex phenotypes in domestic dog breeds and other canids. Genome Res 2021; 31:762-774. [PMID: 33863806 PMCID: PMC8092016 DOI: 10.1101/gr.266049.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extreme phenotypic diversity, a history of artificial selection, and socioeconomic value make domestic dog breeds a compelling subject for genomic research. Copy number variation (CNV) is known to account for a significant part of inter-individual genomic diversity in other systems. However, a comprehensive genome-wide study of structural variation as it relates to breed-specific phenotypes is lacking. We have generated whole genome CNV maps for more than 300 canids. Our data set extends the canine structural variation landscape to more than 100 dog breeds, including novel variants that cannot be assessed using microarray technologies. We have taken advantage of this data set to perform the first CNV-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) in canids. We identify 96 loci that display copy number differences across breeds, which are statistically associated with a previously compiled set of breed-specific morphometrics and disease susceptibilities. Among these, we highlight the discovery of a long-range interaction involving a CNV near MED13L and TBX3, which could influence breed standard height. Integration of the CNVs with chromatin interactions, long noncoding RNA expression, and single nucleotide variation highlights a subset of specific loci and genes with potential functional relevance and the prospect to explain trait variation between dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Serres-Armero
- IBE, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Universitat Pompeu Fabra/CSIC), Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Brian W Davis
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Inna S Povolotskaya
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Carlos Morcillo-Suarez
- IBE, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Universitat Pompeu Fabra/CSIC), Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jocelyn Plassais
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Juan
- IBE, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Universitat Pompeu Fabra/CSIC), Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- IBE, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Universitat Pompeu Fabra/CSIC), Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia 08010, Spain.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08201, Spain
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22
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Pouikli A, Tessarz P. Metabolism and chromatin: A dynamic duo that regulates development and ageing: Elucidating the metabolism-chromatin axis in bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000273. [PMID: 33629755 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) proliferation and lineage commitment are under the coordinated control of metabolism and epigenetics; the MSC niche contains low oxygen, which is an important determinant of the cellular metabolic state. In turn, metabolism drives stem cell fate decisions via alterations of the chromatin landscape. Due to the fundamental role of BM-MSCs in the development of adipose tissue, bones and cartilage, age-associated changes in metabolism and the epigenome perturb the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation leading to stem cell depletion, fat accumulation and bone-quality related diseases. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of the metabolism-chromatin interplay is crucial for maintaining the stem cell pool and delaying the development and progression of ageing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of metabolism in stem cell identity and highlights the impact of the metabolic inputs on the epigenome, with regards to stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Pouikli
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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23
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Montecino M, Carrasco ME, Nardocci G. Epigenetic Control of Osteogenic Lineage Commitment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611197. [PMID: 33490076 PMCID: PMC7820369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the eukaryotic nucleus the genomic DNA is organized into chromatin by stably interacting with the histone proteins as well as with several other nuclear components including non-histone proteins and non-coding RNAs. Together these interactions distribute the genetic material into chromatin subdomains which can exhibit higher and lower compaction levels. This organization contributes to differentially control the access to genomic sequences encoding key regulatory genetic information. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression as they modify the degree of chromatin compaction to facilitate both activation and repression of transcription. Among the most studied epigenetic mechanisms we find the methylation of DNA, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and enzyme-mediated deposition and elimination of post-translational modifications at histone and non-histone proteins. In this mini review, we discuss evidence that supports the role of these epigenetic mechanisms during transcriptional control of osteoblast-related genes. Special attention is dedicated to mechanisms of epigenetic control operating at the Runx2 and Sp7 genes coding for the two principal master regulators of the osteogenic lineage during mesenchymal stem cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Montecino
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita E Carrasco
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Lab, Program in Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Busby T, Chen Y, Godfrey TC, Rehan M, Wildman BJ, Smith CM, Hassan Q. Baf45a Mediated Chromatin Remodeling Promotes Transcriptional Activation for Osteogenesis and Odontogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763392. [PMID: 35046892 PMCID: PMC8762305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling, specifically the tissue-specific regulation in mineralized tissues, is an understudied avenue of gene regulation. Here we show that Baf45a and Baf45d, two Baf45 homologs belong to ATPase-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, preferentially expressed in osteoblasts and odontoblasts compared to Baf45b and Baf45c. Recently, biochemical studies revealed that BAF45A associates with Polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complex. However, the BAF45D subunit belongs to the polymorphic canonical BRG1-associated factor (cBAF) complex. Protein profiles of osteoblast and odontoblast differentiation uncovered a significant increase of BAF45A and PBAF subunits during early osteoblast and odontoblast maturation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) during the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiation showed higher histone H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation modifications in the promoter of Baf45a and Baf45d and increased binding of bone and tooth specific transcription factor RUNX2. Overexpression of Baf45a in osteoblasts activates genes essential for the progression of osteoblast maturation and mineralization. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Baf45a in odontoblasts leads to markedly altered genes responsible for the proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and modest decrease in dentinogenic marker gene expression. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) assay in Baf45a knockout osteoblasts revealed a noticeable reduction in chromatin accessibility of osteoblast and odontoblast specific genes, along with transcription factor Atf4 and Klf4. Craniofacial mesenchyme-specific loss of Baf45a modestly reduced the mineralization of the tooth and mandibular bone. These findings indicated that BAF45A-dependent mineralized tissue-specific chromatin remodeling through PBAF-RUNX2 crosstalk results in transcriptional activation is critical for early differentiation and matrix maturation of mineralized tissues.
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25
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Ghorbaninejad M, Khademi-Shirvan M, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Epidrugs: novel epigenetic regulators that open a new window for targeting osteoblast differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:456. [PMID: 33115508 PMCID: PMC7594482 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a critical step in the treatment of bone defects and skeletal disorders, which present challenges for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine. Thus, it is necessary to understand the regulatory agents involved in osteogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms are considered to be the primary mediators that regulate gene expression during MSC differentiation. In recent years, epigenetic enzyme inhibitors have been used as epidrugs in cancer therapy. A number of studies mentioned the role of epigenetic inhibitors in the regulation of gene expression patterns related to osteogenic differentiation. This review attempts to provide an overview of the key regulatory agents of osteogenesis: transcription factors, signaling pathways, and, especially, epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, we propose to introduce epigenetic enzyme inhibitors (epidrugs) and their applications as future therapeutic approaches for bone defect regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Khademi-Shirvan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Neefjes M, van Caam APM, van der Kraan PM. Transcription Factors in Cartilage Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090290. [PMID: 32937960 PMCID: PMC7563835 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, and it is characterized by articular cartilage loss. In part, OA is caused by aberrant anabolic and catabolic activities of the chondrocyte, the only cell type present in cartilage. These chondrocyte activities depend on the intra- and extracellular signals that the cell receives and integrates into gene expression. The key proteins for this integration are transcription factors. A large number of transcription factors exist, and a better understanding of the transcription factors activated by the various signaling pathways active during OA can help us to better understand the complex etiology of OA. In addition, establishing such a profile can help to stratify patients in different subtypes, which can be a very useful approach towards personalized therapy. In this review, we discuss crucial transcription factors for extracellular matrix metabolism, chondrocyte hypertrophy, chondrocyte senescence, and autophagy in chondrocytes. In addition, we discuss how insight into these factors can be used for treatment purposes.
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27
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Gao Y, Patil S, Qian A. The Role of MicroRNAs in Bone Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176081. [PMID: 32846921 PMCID: PMC7503277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is an intricate process involving various bone cells, signaling pathways, cytokines, hormones, growth factors, etc., and the slightest deviation can result in various bone disorders including osteoporosis, arthropathy, and avascular necrosis of femoral head. Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent disorders affecting the skeleton, which is characterized by low bone mass and bone mineral density caused by the disruption in the balanced process of bone formation and bone resorption. The current pharmaceutical treatments such as bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulator, calcitonin, teriparatide, etc., could decrease the risk of fractures but have side-effects that have limited their long term applications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of many non-coding RNAs. These are single-stranded with a length of 19–25 nucleotides and can influence various cellular processes and play an important role in various diseases. Therefore, in this article, we review the different functions of different miRNA in bone metabolism and osteoporosis to understand their mechanism of action for the development of possible therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.G.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7210-8260
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28
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Fan T, Meng X, Sun C, Yang X, Chen G, Li W, Chen Z. Genome-wide DNA methylation profile analysis in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8753-8762. [PMID: 32583558 PMCID: PMC7412700 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) causes serious spinal canal stenosis. The underlying aetiology may relate to genetic and inflammatory factors. DNA methylation plays a critical role in osteogenesis and inflammation, whereas there is no genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis about TOLF. The two subtypes of TOLF (single‐level and multiple‐level) have distinct clinical features. Using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), we showed the ossification arose from the joint between two vertebrae at one/both sides of ligament flavum. With Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 850 BeadChip arrays, genome‐wide DNA methylation profile was measured in ligament flavum of eight healthy and eight TOLF samples. Only 65 of the differentially methylated cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine dinucleotides were found in both subtype groups. Principal component analysis and heat map analysis showed a different methylation pattern in TOLF samples, and methylation patterns of two subtypes are also distinct. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was significantly enriched in differentiation and inflammation. Pyrosequencing analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were performed to validate the arrays results and expression levels, to test six differentially methylated genes (SLC7A11, HOXA10, HOXA11AS, TNIK, homeobox transcript antisense RNA, IFITM1), using another independent samples (P < 0.05). Our findings first demonstrated an altered Genome‐wide DNA methylation profile in TOLF, and implied distinct methylated features in two subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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29
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Saito S, Suzuki T. How do signaling and transcription factors regulate both axis elongation and Hox gene expression along the anteroposterior axis? Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:363-375. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Saito
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
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30
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Liu Y, Wang H, Dou H, Tian B, Li L, Jin L, Zhang Z, Hu L. Bone regeneration capacities of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells sheet in rabbit calvarial bone defect. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420930379. [PMID: 32566118 PMCID: PMC7288803 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420930379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells sheets have been verified as a promising non-scaffold
strategy for bone regeneration. Alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,
derived from neural crest, have the character of easily obtained and strong
multi-differential potential. However, the bone regenerative features of
alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets in the craniofacial region
remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the osteogenic
differentiation and bone defect repairment characteristics of bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells sheets derived from alveolar bone (alveolar bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells) and iliac bone (Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells)
in vitro and in vivo. Histology character,
osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenic gene expression of human alveolar
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
were compared in vitro. The cell sheets were implanted in
rabbit calvarial defects to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the specific gene and
pathways expression profile of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our
results showed that alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had higher
osteogenic differentiation than Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Although
no obvious differences were found in the histological structure, fibronectin and
integrin β1 expression between them, alveolar-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
sheet exhibited higher mineral deposition and expression levels of osteogenic
marker genes. After being transplanted in the rabbit calvarial defects area, the
results showed that greater bone volume and trabecular thickness regeneration
were found in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet group compared to
Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks.
Finally, datasets of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus Lon-bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells, and periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (another
neural crest derived mesenchymal stem cells) versus umbilical cord mesenchymal
stem cells were analyzed. Total 71 differential genes were identified by overlap
between the 2 datasets. Homeobox genes, such as LHX8, MKX, PAX9,
MSX, and HOX, were identified as the most
significantly changed and would be potential specific genes in neural crest
mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the Al-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
sheet-based tissue regeneration appears to be a promising strategy for
craniofacial defect repair in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tsinghua University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Vimalraj S. Alkaline phosphatase: Structure, expression and its function in bone mineralization. Gene 2020; 754:144855. [PMID: 32522695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is highly expressed in the cells of mineralized tissue and plays a critical function in the formation of hard tissue. The existing status of this critical enzyme should be reviewed periodically. ALP increases inorganic phosphate local rates and facilitates mineralization as well as reduces the extracellular pyrophosphate concentration, an inhibitor of mineral formation. Mineralization is the production, inside matrix vesicles, of hydroxyapatite crystals that bud from the outermembrane of hypertrophic osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The expansion of hydroxyapatite formsinto the extracellular matrix and its accumulation between collagen fibrils is observed. Among various isoforms, the tissue-nonspecific isozyme of ALP (TNAP) is strongly expressed in bone, liver and kidney and plays a key function in the calcification of bones. TNAP hydrolyzes pyrophosphate and supplies inorganic phosphate to enhance mineralization. The biochemical substrates of TNAP are believed to be inorganic pyrophosphate and pyridoxal phosphate. These substrates concentrate in TNAP deficient condition which results in hypophosphatasia. The increased level of ALP expression and development in this environment would undoubtedly provide new and essential information about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of bone formation, offer therapeutic possibilities for the management of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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32
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Wang K, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhang L, Li G, Dang L, Tan Y, Cao X, Shi F, Zhang S, Zhang G. Bone-targeted lncRNA OGRU alleviates unloading-induced bone loss via miR-320-3p/Hoxa10 axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:382. [PMID: 32427900 PMCID: PMC7237470 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Unloading-induced bone loss is a threat to human health and can eventually result in osteoporotic fractures. Although the underlying molecular mechanism of unloading-induced bone loss has been broadly elucidated, the pathophysiological role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process is unknown. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA, OGRU, a 1816-nucleotide transcript with significantly decreased levels in bone specimens from hindlimb-unloaded mice and in MC3T3-E1 cells under clinorotation-unloading conditions. OGRU overexpression promoted osteoblast activity and matrix mineralization under normal loading conditions, and attenuated the suppression of MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation induced by clinorotation unloading. Furthermore, this study found that supplementation of pcDNA3.1(+)–OGRU via (DSS)6–liposome delivery to the bone-formation surfaces of hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) mice partially alleviated unloading-induced bone loss. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that OGRU functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to facilitate the protein expression of Hoxa10 by competitively binding miR-320-3p and subsequently promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Taken together, the results of our study provide the first clarification of the role of lncRNA OGRU in unloading-induced bone loss through the miR-320-3p/Hoxa10 axis, suggesting an efficient anabolic strategy for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zebing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaozhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Dang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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33
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Ren J, Huang D, Li R, Wang W, Zhou C. Control of mesenchymal stem cell biology by histone modifications. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32025282 PMCID: PMC6996187 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered the most promising seed cells for regenerative medicine because of their considerable therapeutic properties and accessibility. Fine-tuning of cell biological processes, including differentiation and senescence, is essential for achievement of the expected regenerative efficacy. Researchers have recently made great advances in understanding the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics that occur during osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the intrinsic and environmental factors that affect these processes. In this context, histone modifications have been intensively studied in recent years and have already been indicated to play significant and universal roles in MSC fate determination and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the effects of histone modifications on MSC biology. Moreover, we also provide our insights and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Ren
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Delan Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Runze Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Weicai Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
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High Expression of MicroRNA-196a is Associated with Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Younger Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101549. [PMID: 31614906 PMCID: PMC6826650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small RNAs involved in various biological processes and cancer metastasis. miR-196a was associated with aggressive behaviors in several cancers. The role of miR-196a in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the role of miR-196a in HCC progression. Expression of miR-196a was measured in 83 human HCC samples. The HCC patients with high miR-196a expression had younger ages, lower albumin levels, higher frequency with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels ≥20 ng/mL, more macrovascular invasion, and non-early stages. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high miR-196a expression was associated with lower recurrence-free survival. Knockdown of miR-196a decreased transwell invasiveness, sphere formation, transendothelial invasion, and Slug, Twist, Oct4, and Sox2 expression, suppressed angiogenesis, and reduced sizes of xenotransplants and number of pulmonary metastasis. Down-regulation of miR-196a decreased Runx2 and osteopontin (OPN) levels. Knockdown of Runx2 in vitro resulted in comparable phenotypes with miR-196a down-regulation. Restoration of Runx2 in miR-196a-knockdown HCC reverted tumor phenotypes. This study showed that high expression of miR-196a is associated with HCC progression in a subset of younger patients. miR-196a mediates HCC progression via upregulation of Runx2, OPN, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators, and stemness genes. We proposed that miR-196a can be used as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.
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da Silva RA, Fuhler GM, Janmaat VT, da C Fernandes CJ, da Silva Feltran G, Oliveira FA, Matos AA, Oliveira RC, Ferreira MR, Zambuzzi WF, Peppelenbosch MP. HOXA cluster gene expression during osteoblast differentiation involves epigenetic control. Bone 2019; 125:74-86. [PMID: 31054377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The HOXA gene cluster is generally recognized as a pivotal mediator of positional identity in the skeletal system, expression of different orthologues conferring alternative locational phenotype of the vertebrate bone. Strikingly, however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate orthologue-specific expression of different HOXA cluster members in gestating osteoblasts remain largely obscure, but in analogy to the processes observed in acute lymphatic leukemia it is assumed that alternative methylation of HOXA promoter regions drives position specific expression patterns. In an effort to understand HOXA cluster gene expression in osteogenesis we characterize both expression and the epigenetic landscape of the HOXA gene cluster during in vitro osteoblast formation from mesenchymal precursors. We observe that osteoblast formation per se provokes strong upregulation of HOXA gene cluster expression, in particular of midcluster genes, and paradoxal downregulation of HOXA7 and HOXA10. These differences in expression appear related to promoter methylation. LnRNAs HOTAIR and HOTTIP, known to modulate HOXA expression, are also regulated by their promoter methylation processing, but do not correlate with HOXA cluster expression profile. We thus conclude that HOXA expression is profoundly regulated during osteoblast differentiation through canonical methylation-dependent mechanisms but not through the flanking lnRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A da Silva
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent T Janmaat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Célio Júnior da C Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Geórgia da Silva Feltran
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Flávia Amadeu Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Arruda Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Narayanan A, Srinaath N, Rohini M, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Runx2 by MicroRNAs in osteoblast differentiation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116676. [PMID: 31340165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most dynamic organs in the body that continuously undergoes remodeling through bone formation and resorption. A cascade of molecules and pathways results in the osteoblast differentiation that is attributed to osteogenesis, or bone formation. The process of osteogenesis is achieved through participation of the Wnt pathway, FGFs, BMPs/TGF-β, and transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osx. The activity and function of the master transcription factor, Runx2, is of utmost significance as it can induce the function of osteoblast differentiation markers. A number of microRNAs [miRNAs] have been recently identified in the regulation of Runx2 expression/activity, thus affecting the process of osteogenesis. miRNAs that target Runx2 corepressors favor osteogenesis, while miRNAs that target Runx2 coactivators inhibit osteogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of Runx2 by miRNAs in osteoblast differentiation and their potential for treating bone and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Narayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Srinaath
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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A Case of Identity: HOX Genes in Normal and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040512. [PMID: 30974862 PMCID: PMC6521190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into many different cell types. Their function is controlled by core gene networks whose misregulation can result in aberrant stem cell function and defects of regeneration or neoplasia. HOX genes are master regulators of cell identity and cell fate during embryonic development. They play a crucial role in embryonic stem cell differentiation into specific lineages and their expression is maintained in adult stem cells along differentiation hierarchies. Aberrant HOX gene expression is found in several cancers where they can function as either oncogenes by sustaining cell proliferation or tumor-suppressor genes by controlling cell differentiation. Emerging evidence shows that abnormal expression of HOX genes is involved in the transformation of adult stem cells into cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells have been identified in most malignancies and proved to be responsible for cancer initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we consider the role of HOX genes in normal and cancer stem cells and discuss how the modulation of HOX gene function could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that target cancer stem cells to halt tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment.
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Verbeeck L, Geris L, Tylzanowski P, Luyten FP. Uncoupling of in-vitro identity of embryonic limb derived skeletal progenitors and their in-vivo bone forming potential. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5782. [PMID: 30962493 PMCID: PMC6453955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing of large bone defects remains a major unmet medical need. Our developmental engineering approach consists of the in vitro manufacturing of a living cartilage tissue construct that upon implantation forms bone by recapitulating an endochondral ossification process. Key to this strategy is the identification of the cells to produce such cartilage intermediates efficiently. We applied a cell selection strategy based on published skeletal stem cell markers using mouse embryonic limb cartilage as cell source and analysed their potential to form bone in an in vivo ectopic assay. FGF2 supplementation to the culture media for expansion blocked dedifferentiation of the embryonic cartilage cells in culture and enriched for stem cells and progenitors as quantified using the recently published CD marker set. However, when the stem cells and progenitors were fractionated from expanded embryonic cartilage cells and assessed in the ectopic assay, a major loss of bone forming potential was observed. We conclude that cell expansion appears to affect the association between cell identity based on CD markers and in vivo bone forming capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louca Verbeeck
- Prometheus, Div of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Tissue Engineering laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Div of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Development & Stem Cell Biology laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dept of Bioch. & Mol Biol., Medical University Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Div of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Tissue Engineering laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Development & Stem Cell Biology laboratory, SBERC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Huang L, Ying H, Chen Z, Zhu YL, Gu Y, Hu L, Chen D, Zhong N. Down-regulation of DKK1 and Wnt1/β-catenin pathway by increased homeobox B7 resulted in cell differentiation suppression of intrauterine fetal growth retardation in human placenta. Placenta 2019; 80:27-35. [PMID: 31103063 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the influence of homeobox B7 (HoxB7) on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of human trophoblast cells and to reveal the down-regulation of HoxB7 on the transcriptional suppression of Dick Kopf-related protein1 (DKK1) and of Cysteine-rich glycosylated wingless protein 1 (Wnt1)/β-catenin in intrauterine fetal growth retardation (FGR). METHODS Quantitative measurement of HoxB7, DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin was performed in human placentas collected from normal pregnancies and from FGR with quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cultured HTR-8/SVneo cells, transfected with a lentiviral plasmid that in-frame expresses human HoxB7 gene, were applied to functional assessment to study the biological impact of HoxB7 gene on DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin. Counting Kit-8, Transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry were applied for the functional measurements. RESULTS The expression of HoxB7 was significantly increased, and of DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin was decreased, in FGR placenta tissues and in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Function studies revealed that overexpression of HoxB7 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in HTR-8/SVneo cells. DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin were down-regulated in HTR-8/SVneo cells, inversely correlated with HoxB7 expression. Overexpression of HoxB7 showed a suppressive effect on proliferation, migration, and invasion in the HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HoxB7 inhibited human trophoblast cell differentiation by down-regulating DKK1 expression and that it may affect transcription of Wnt1/β-catenin. The activation of HoxB7 might suppress the cell differentiation in HTR-8/SVneo cell cultures. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of FGR by regulating the invasion and proliferation of trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 536 Changle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Yun Long Zhu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Ying Gu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lingqing Hu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China.
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
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40
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Godfrey TC, Wildman BJ, Beloti MM, Kemper AG, Ferraz EP, Roy B, Rehan M, Afreen LH, Kim E, Lengner CJ, Hassan Q. The microRNA-23a cluster regulates the developmental HoxA cluster function during osteoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17646-17660. [PMID: 30242124 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) and Hox transcription factors have decisive roles in postnatal bone formation and homeostasis. In silico analysis identified extensive interaction between HOXA cluster mRNA and microRNAs from the miR-23a cluster. However, Hox regulation by the miR-23a cluster during osteoblast differentiation remains undefined. We examined this regulation in preosteoblasts and in a novel miR-23a cluster knockdown mouse model. Overexpression and knockdown of the miR-23a cluster in preosteoblasts decreased and increased, respectively, the expression of the proteins HOXA5, HOXA10, and HOXA11; these proteins' mRNAs exhibited significant binding with the miR-23a cluster miRNAs, and miRNA 3'-UTR reporter assays confirmed repression. Importantly, during periods correlating with development and differentiation of bone cells, we found an inverse pattern of expression between HoxA factors and members of the miR-23a cluster. HOXA5 and HOXA11 bound to bone-specific promoters, physically interacted with transcription factor RUNX2, and regulated bone-specific genes. Depletion of HOXA5 or HOXA11 in preosteoblasts also decreased cellular differentiation. Additionally, stable overexpression of the miR-23a cluster in osteoblasts decreased the recruitment of HOXA5 and HOXA11 to osteoblast gene promoters, significantly inhibiting histone H3 acetylation. Heterozygous miR-23a cluster knockdown female mice (miR-23a ClWT/ZIP) had significantly increased trabecular bone mass when compared with WT mice. Furthermore, miR-23a cluster knockdown in calvarial osteoblasts of these mice increased the recruitment of HOXA5 and HOXA11, with a substantial enrichment of promoter histone H3 acetylation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the miR-23a cluster is required for maintaining stage-specific HoxA factor expression during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Godfrey
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Benjamin J Wildman
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Marcio M Beloti
- the School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil, and
| | - Austin G Kemper
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Emanuela P Ferraz
- the School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil, and
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Lubana H Afreen
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eddy Kim
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Quamarul Hassan
- From the RNA Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,
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Effects of zinc and aprotinin on the healing of ulnar diaphyseal fractures in rabbits. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of zinc and aprotinin on fracture healing in experimentally induced fractures were investigated by means of histometric analyses and alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. Healthy 54 adult New Zealand White female rabbits were separated into three groups as control, zinc, and aprotinin treatment. The control animals did not receive any medicament; zinc sulphate was given orally to the rabbits in the Zn group for 15 days. Aprotinin was postoperatively infiltrated into the fracture area at the 3rdand 24thh following operation. Immobilization of fracture ends of all groups was similar throughout the experiment. The zinc administered group displayed the highest alkaline phosphatase positive cell level through the experiment. By day 30 after the operation, fibrocartilage and osseous tissues reached the highest levels in the zinc treated group. Based on the observation of augmented osseous tissue formation and increased alkaline phosphatase positive osteoblastic cell activity in the callus, it was conluded that Zn sulphate is a potent stimulator of bone formation by increasing mineralization in the fractured bone segments.
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Li J, Zuo B, Zhang L, Dai L, Zhang X. Osteoblast versus Adipocyte: Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Guided Epigenetic Control. CASE REPORTS IN ORTHOPEDIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000489053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The commitment and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is tightly controlled by the local environment ensuring lineage differentiation balance and bone homeostasis. However, pathological conditions linked with osteoporosis have changed the bone marrow microenvironment, shifting MSCs’ fate to favor adipocytes over osteoblasts, and consequently leading to decreased bone mass with marrow fat accumulation. Multiple questions related to the underlying mechanisms remain to be answered. As recent findings have confirmed the fundamental role of the epigenetic mechanism in connecting environmental signals with gene expression and stem cell differentiation, a regulatory network in the bone marrow microenvironment, epigenetic modulation, gene expression, and MSC differentiation begins to emerge. This review discusses how pathological environmental factors affect MSCs’ fate by epigenetic modulating lineage-specific genes. We conclude that manipulating local environments and/or the epigenetic regulatory machinery that target the adipocyte differentiation pathway might be a therapeutic implication of bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Li G, Han N, Yang H, Wang L, Lin X, Diao S, Du J, Dong R, Wang S, Fan Z. Homeobox C10 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:201-211. [PMID: 28605223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1341496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a reliable cell source for tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the directed differentiation of MSCs remain unclear which impedes potential clinical applications. Recent studies have discovered that Homeobox (HOX) genes are involved in the differentiation regulation of MSCs and bone formation. In this study, we investigate the HOXC10 function in the osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were used in this study. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays, ALP staining, Alizarin red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, osteogenesis-associated gene expression, and in vivo transplantation experiments were used to study osteogenic differentiation potential. RESULTS Our results showed that overexpression of HOXC10 in SCAPs inhibited ALP activity and mineralization in vitro and decreased the mRNA expression of collagen alpha-1 (I) chain, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and a key transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2, in SCAPs. Depletion of HOXC10 promoted osteogenic differentiation in SCAPs in vitro. In addition, in vivo transplantation experiments in nude mice confirmed that SCAPs osteogenesis was triggered when HOXC10 was downregulated. Furthermore, depletion of HOXC10 also enhanced osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that HOXC10 decreased the MSC osteogenic differentiation potential. Thus, inhibition of HOXC10 in MSCs might have the potential to improve tissue regeneration and provide insight into the mechanism underlying the directed differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Nannan Han
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,c Department of Periodontology , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Liping Wang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Lin
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,d Department of Implant Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Shu Diao
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,e Department of Pediatric Dentistry , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Juan Du
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Rui Dong
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
| | - Songlin Wang
- b Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China.,f Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- a Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction , Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing , China
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Sun J, Ermann J, Niu N, Yan G, Yang Y, Shi Y, Zou W. Histone demethylase LSD1 regulates bone mass by controlling WNT7B and BMP2 signaling in osteoblasts. Bone Res 2018; 6:14. [PMID: 29707403 PMCID: PMC5916912 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple regulatory mechanisms control osteoblast differentiation and function to ensure unperturbed skeletal formation and remodeling. In this study we identify histone lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1/KDM1A) as a key epigenetic regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of LSD1 promoted osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro and mice lacking LSD1 in mesenchymal cells displayed increased bone mass secondary to accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistic in vitro studies revealed that LSD1 epigenetically regulates the expression of WNT7B and BMP2. LSD1 deficiency resulted in increased BMP2 and WNT7B expression in osteoblasts and enhanced bone formation, while downregulation of WNT7B- and BMP2-related signaling using genetic mouse model or small-molecule inhibitors attenuated bone phenotype in vivo. Furthermore, the LSD1 inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP) could increase bone mass in mice. These data identify LSD1 as a novel regulator of osteoblast activity and suggest LSD1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Joerg Ermann
- 2Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ningning Niu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Guang Yan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yang Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yujiang Shi
- 3Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Weiguo Zou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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45
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Tang Y, Zhang L, Tu T, Li Y, Murray D, Tu Q, Chen JJ. MicroRNA-99a is a novel regulator of KDM6B-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2162-2176. [PMID: 29377540 PMCID: PMC5867145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal tissue originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with differentiation potential into the osteoblast lineage regulated by essential transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, miRNAs and histone modifications have been identified as novel key regulators of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Here, we identified miR‐99a and its target lysine (K)‐specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) gene as novel modulators of osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Microarray profiling and further validation by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR revealed that miR‐99a was up‐regulated during osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs, and decreased in differentiated osteoblasts. Transfection of miR‐99a mimics inhibited osteoblastic commitment and differentiation of BMSCs, whereas inhibition of miR‐99a by inhibitors enhances these processes. KDM6B was determined as one of important targets of miR‐99a, which was further confirmed by luciferase assay of 3′‐UTR of KDM6B. Moreover, HOX gene level decreased after transfection of miR‐99a mimics in BMSCs, which indicated that KDM6B is a bona fide target of miR‐99a. Furthermore, in a model of in vivo bone regeneration, osteoblast‐specific gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments performed using cranial bone defects revealed that miR‐99a mimics‐transfected BMSCs reduced bone formation, and conversely, miR‐99a inhibitors‐transfected BMSCs increased in vivo bone formation. Tissue‐specific inhibition of miR‐99a may be a potential novel therapeutic approach for enhancing BMSCs‐based bone formation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianchi Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Jinkun Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Komori T. Runx2, an inducer of osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:313-323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Jo S, Lee JK, Han J, Lee B, Kang S, Hwang KT, Park YS, Kim TH. Identification and characterization of human bone-derived cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1257-1263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Lim JE, Son Y. Endogenous Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Aging. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:679-698. [PMID: 30603520 PMCID: PMC6171667 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In almost all human tissues and organs, adult stem cells or tissue stem cells are present in a unique location, the so-called stem cell niche or its equivalent, continuously replenishing functional differentiated cells. Those endogenous stem cells can be expanded for cell therapeutics using ex vivo cell culture or recalled for tissue repair in situ through cell trafficking and homing. In the aging process, inefficiency in the endogenous stem cell-mediated healing mechanism can emerge from a variety of impairments that accumulate in the processes of stem cell self-renewal, function, differentiation capacity, and trafficking through cell autonomous intrinsic pathways (such as epigenetic alterations) or systemic extrinsic pathways. This review examines the homeostasis of endogenous stem cells, particularly bone marrow stem cells, and their dysregulation in disease and aging and discusses possible intervention strategies. Several systemic pro-aging and rejuvenating factors, recognized in heterochronic parabiosis or premature aging progeroid animal models, are reviewed as possible anti-aging pharmaceutical targets from the perspective of a healthy environment for endogenous stem cells. A variety of epigenetic modifications and chromosome architectures are reviewed as an intrinsic cellular pathway for aging and senescence. A gradual increase in inflammatory burden during aging is also reviewed. Finally, the tissue repair and anti-aging effects of Substance-P, a peptide stimulating stem cell trafficking from the bone marrow and modifying the inflammatory response, are discussed as a future anti-aging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Fang S. Small non-coding RNAs-based bone regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 456:16-35. [PMID: 27888003 PMCID: PMC7116989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs, which are 20-25 nucleotide ribonucleic acids, have emerged as an important transformation in the biological evolution over almost three decades. microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two significant categories of the small RNAs that exert important effects on bone endocrinology and skeletology. Therefore, clarifying the expression and function of these important molecules in bone endocrine physiology and pathology is of great significance for improving their potential therapeutic value for metabolism-associated bone diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recent advances made in understanding the function and molecular mechanism of these small non-coding RNAs in bone metabolism, especially their potentially therapeutic values in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Mortada I, Mortada R. Epigenetic changes in mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:114-118. [PMID: 29079547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are known to play a major role in determining stem cell fate and differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells are the most studied population of stem cells due to their important applications in experimental biology and regenerative medicine. After a brief overview on mesenchymal stem cells, this review aims to highlight the role of epigenetic changes on mesenchymal stem cells biology and differentiation protocols with a focus on osteocytic, chondrocytic and adipocytic differentiation. Chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression will be investigated. The impact of epigenetics on transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells will also be discussed. Indeed, epigenetic modulation appears to constitute a promising experimental target in stem cell basic and translational research.
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