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Mabry AR, Singh A, Mulrooney B, Gorman J, Thielbar AR, Wolf ER, Mayo LD. Induction of the Mdm2 gene and protein by kinase signaling pathways is repressed by the pVHL tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400935121. [PMID: 39047034 PMCID: PMC11295014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400935121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau, pVHL, is a multifaceted protein. One function is to dock to the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) and recruit a larger protein complex that destabilizes HIF via ubiquitination, preventing angiogenesis and tumor development. pVHL also binds to the tumor suppressor p53 to activate specific p53 target genes. The oncogene Mdm2 impairs the formation of the p53-pVHL complex and activation of downstream genes by conjugating nedd8 to pVHL. While Mdm2 can impact p53 and pVHL, how pVHL may impact Mdm2 is unclear. Like p53 somatic mutations, point mutations are evident in pVHL that are common in renal clear cell carcinomas (RCC). In patients with RCC, Mdm2 levels are elevated, and we examined whether there was a relationship between Mdm2 and pVHL. TCGA and DepMap analysis revealed that mdm2 gene expression was elevated in RCC with vhl point mutations or copy number loss. In pVHL reconstituted or deleted isogenetically match RCC or MEF cell lines, Mdm2 was decreased in the presence of pVHL. Furthermore, through analysis using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that pVHL represses Mdm2 gene expression by blocking the MAPK-Ets signaling pathway and blocks Akt-mediated phosphorylation and stabilization of Mdm2. Mdm2 inhibition results in an increase in the p53-p21 pathway to impede cell growth. This finding shows how pVHL can indirectly impact the function of Mdm2 by regulating signaling pathways to restrict cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
| | - Arnima Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
| | - Brianna Mulrooney
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
| | - James Gorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
| | - Abigail R. Thielbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
| | - Eric R. Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
| | - Lindsey D. Mayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN46022
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN46022
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Olyha SJ, O'Connor SK, Kribis M, Bucklin ML, Uthaya Kumar DB, Tyler PM, Alam F, Jones KM, Sheikha H, Konnikova L, Lakhani SA, Montgomery RR, Catanzaro J, Du H, DiGiacomo DV, Rothermel H, Moran CJ, Fiedler K, Warner N, Hoppenreijs EPAH, van der Made CI, Hoischen A, Olbrich P, Neth O, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Lucena Soto JM, van Rossum AMC, Dalm VASH, Muise AM, Lucas CL. "Deficiency in ELF4, X-Linked": a Monogenic Disease Entity Resembling Behçet's Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:44. [PMID: 38231408 PMCID: PMC10929603 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Defining monogenic drivers of autoinflammatory syndromes elucidates mechanisms of disease in patients with these inborn errors of immunity and can facilitate targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we describe a cohort of patients with a Behçet's- and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like disorder termed "deficiency in ELF4, X-linked" (DEX) affecting males with loss-of-function variants in the ELF4 transcription factor gene located on the X chromosome. An international cohort of fourteen DEX patients was assessed to identify unifying clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria as well as collate findings informing therapeutic responses. DEX patients exhibit a heterogeneous clinical phenotype including weight loss, oral and gastrointestinal aphthous ulcers, fevers, skin inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, arthritis, arthralgia, and myalgia, with findings of increased inflammatory markers, anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, intermittently low natural killer and class-switched memory B cells, and increased inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Patients have been predominantly treated with anti-inflammatory agents, with the majority of DEX patients treated with biologics targeting TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Olyha
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannon K O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marat Kribis
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Molly L Bucklin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul M Tyler
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Faiad Alam
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate M Jones
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hassan Sheikha
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Catanzaro
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hongqiang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daniel V DiGiacomo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly Rothermel
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, MassGeneral for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Moran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, MassGeneral for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karoline Fiedler
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Warner
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther P A H Hoppenreijs
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar I van der Made
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Inborn Errors of Immunity Group, Biomedicine Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Pediatría y Radiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Olaf Neth
- Inborn Errors of Immunity Group, Biomedicine Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Yokomizo-Nakano T, Hamashima A, Kubota S, Bai J, Sorin S, Sun Y, Kikuchi K, Iimori M, Morii M, Kanai A, Iwama A, Huang G, Kurotaki D, Takizawa H, Matsui H, Sashida G. Exposure to microbial products followed by loss of Tet2 promotes myelodysplastic syndrome via remodeling HSCs. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220962. [PMID: 37071125 PMCID: PMC10120406 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been implicated as a driver of the development of MDS. We herein demonstrated that a prior stimulation with bacterial and viral products followed by loss of the Tet2 gene facilitated the development of MDS via up-regulating the target genes of the Elf1 transcription factor and remodeling the epigenome in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a manner that was dependent on Polo-like kinases (Plk) downstream of Tlr3/4-Trif signaling but did not increase genomic mutations. The pharmacological inhibition of Plk function or the knockdown of Elf1 expression was sufficient to prevent the epigenetic remodeling in HSCs and diminish the enhanced clonogenicity and the impaired erythropoiesis. Moreover, this Elf1-target signature was significantly enriched in MDS HSPCs in humans. Therefore, prior infection stress and the acquisition of a driver mutation remodeled the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes and cellular functions in HSCs via the Trif-Plk-Elf1 axis, which promoted the development of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Hamashima
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Supannika Sorin
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mihoko Iimori
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Mozammel N, Amini M, Baradaran B, Mahdavi SZB, Hosseini SS, Mokhtarzadeh A. The function of miR-145 in colorectal cancer progression; an updated review on related signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154290. [PMID: 36621158 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a broad class of small, highly conserved non-coding RNAs that largely influence gene expression after transcription through binding to various target mRNAs. miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in a wide array of human cancers, possessing great value as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. miR-145, as promising tumor suppressor miRNA, also exhibits deregulated expression levels in human malignancies and participates in various processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and differentiation. In particular, miR-145 has been shown to be downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), which in turn leads to cell growth, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Furthermore, miR-145 is involved in the regulation of multiple tumor specific signaling pathways, such as KRAS and P53 signaling by targeting various genes through colorectal tumorigenesis. Therefore, considering its diagnostic and therapeutic potential, it was aimed to present the recent finding focusing on miR-145 functions to better understand its involvement in CRC incidence and progression through interplay with various signaling pathways. This study is based on articles indexed in PubMed and Google scholar until 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Mozammel
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang X, Lv JL, Cheng S, Su ZH, Qin S, Sun X, Tang XD, Liu QN, Li MW, Wang XY. Bombyx mori transcription factor, E74A, beneficially affects BmNPV infection through direct interaction. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5302-5312. [PMID: 36054174 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), one of the baculoviruses, is a promising biopesticide for pest control. Lepidopteran account for 70% of pests, therefore investigation on highly conserved genes associated with viral infections in the lepidopteran model, the silkworm, will serve as a valuable reference for improving the effectiveness of pest management. BmE74A is a member of the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcription factors in Bombyx mori, which we previously found to be highly conserved and closely associated with BmNPV. This study aimed to elucidate the role of BmE74A in viral infection. RESULTS A significantly high expression of BmE74A in eggs indicated its important role in embryonic development, as did relatively high expressions in the hemolymph and midgut. Significant differences in BmE74A expression in different resistant strains after BmNPV infection suggested its involvement as a response to viral infection. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression experiments confirmed the important role of BmE74A in promoting viral infection. BmNPV infection was significantly suppressed and enhanced by BmE74A knockdown and overexpression, respectively. Besides, BmE74A was found to regulate the expression of BmMdm2 and Bmp53. Furthermore, the binding of ETS, the functional domain of BmE74A, to occlusion-derived virus proteins was confirmed by far-western blotting, and four viral proteins that may interact with ETS proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Similarly, a homolog of BmE74A in Spodoptera litura was also found to be involved in larval susceptibility to BmNPV. CONCLUSION BmE74A promotes BmNPV proliferation by directly interacting with the virus, which may be related to the suppression of the p53 pathway. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun-Li Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Mu-Wang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Cao S, Zhao H, Jiang R, Li Y. Tumor-derived exosomes orchestrate the microRNA-128-3p/ELF4/CDX2 axis to facilitate the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer via delivery of LINC01091. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09728-y. [PMID: 35674868 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been manifested that tumor-derived exosomes (Exos) can deliver long noncoding RNAs to participate in gastric cancer (GC) progression. In this research, we intended to dissect out whether tumor-derived Exos carried LINC01091 to afflict the growth and metastasis of GC. GC tissues and human GC cells were attained for RNA and protein quantification. Accordingly, LINC01091, ELF4, and CDX2 were abundant but microRNA (miR)-128-3p was underexpressed in GC tissues and cells. Exos were isolated from LINC01091-silenced GC cells (Exo-sh-LINC01091). GC cells were co-cultured with Exo-sh-LINC01091 or manipulated with miR mimic, inhibitor, or overexpressing or silencing plasmids. Exo-sh-LINC01091, LINC01091, ELF4 or CDX2 silencing, or miR-128-3p upregulation augmented GC cell proliferative, migrating, and invasive properties. In addition, luciferase, RNA pull-down, and ChIP assays offered evidence supporting the mechanism that LINC01091 bound to miR-128-3p that inversely targeted ELF4, and ELF4 transcriptionally activated CDX2 by binding to its promoter in GC cells. Moreover, Exo-sh-LINC01091 modulated the miR-128-3p/ELF4/CDX2 axis and restrained the tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Conclusively, LINC01091 shuttled by tumor-derived Exos might expedite GC development by activating the ELF4/CDX2 axis via miR-128-3p downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengya Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongke Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 131, Huancheng Road, Xuzhou, 221005, People's Republic of China
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Wei G, Wang L, Wan X, Tan Y. [ELF4 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human insulinoma cells by activating Akt signaling]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1329-1333. [PMID: 34658346 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor ELF4 on proliferation and apoptosis in human insulinoma cells and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS A human insulinoma BON cell line with stable overexpression of ELF4 (BON-ELF4 cells) was constructed using a recombinant retrovirus vector and the expression of ELF4 protein was verified using Western blotting. MTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of BON-ELF4 cells and BON-Vector cells, and the cell apoptosis induced by treatment with epirubicin (0.1 μmol/L for 24 h) was analyzed by detecting the expressions of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP using Western blotting. Flow cytometry with Annexin VFITC/PI staining was performed to analyze the numbers of apoptotic BON-Vector or BON-ELF4 cells. The expressions of phosphorylated Akt and total Akt in the cells were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS BON-ELF4 cell line with stable overexpression of ELF4 was successfully established. ELF4 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation (P < 0.05) and obviously suppressed epirubicin- induced apoptosis in BON cells, resulting also in significantly reduced expressions of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9 and PARP (P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed a significantly lower apoptotic rate in BON-ELF4 cells than in BON-Vector cells following epirubicin treatment (6.03% vs 22.90%). The phosphorylation levels of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while the level of total Akt remained unchanged (P>0.05) in ELF4- overexpressing cells. CONCLUSION ELF4 overexpression enhances the proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of insulinomas cells by activating Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Healthcare, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - X Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Y Tan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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8
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Gong R, Li ZQ, Fu K, Ma C, Wang W, Chen JC. Long Noncoding RNA PVT1 Promotes Stemness and Temozolomide Resistance through miR-365/ELF4/SOX2 Axis in Glioma. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:244-255. [PMID: 34230224 PMCID: PMC8278140 DOI: 10.5607/en20060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are a class of non-coding RNAs demonstrated to play pivotal roles in regulating tumor progression. Therefore, deciphering the regulatory role of lncRNA in the development of glioma may offer a promising therapeutic target for treatment of glioma. We performed RT-qPCR analysis on the expression of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and miR-365 in glioma tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation and viability was assessed with CCK8 assay. Cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Transwell assay was used to assess cell invasion capacity. Expression of CD133+ cells was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot assay was used to detection the expression of ELF4 and stemness-related protein SOX2, Oct4 and Nanog. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase assay were used to predict and validate the interaction between PVT1 and miR-365. Elevated PVT1 expression was observed in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of PVT1 and overexpression of miR-365 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted stemness and Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of glioma cells. PVT1 regulated ELF4 expression by competitively binds to miR-365. PVT1 regulated the stemness and sensitivity of TMZ of glioma cells through miR-365/ELF4/SOX2 axis. This study identified that PVT1 promoted glioma stemness through miR-365/ELF4/SOX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kai Fu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang 430071, Hubei, P.R. China
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9
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Klein AM, de Queiroz RM, Venkatesh D, Prives C. The roles and regulation of MDM2 and MDMX: it is not just about p53. Genes Dev 2021; 35:575-601. [PMID: 33888565 PMCID: PMC8091979 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347872.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Klein et al. discuss the p53-independent roles of MDM2 and MDMX. First, they review the structural and functional features of MDM2 and MDMX proteins separately and together that could be relevant to their p53-independent activities. Following this, they summarize how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Most well studied as proteins that restrain the p53 tumor suppressor protein, MDM2 and MDMX have rich lives outside of their relationship to p53. There is much to learn about how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Regulation of MDM2 and MDMX, which takes place at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and protein modification, can be very intricate and is context-dependent. Equally complex are the myriad roles that these two proteins play in cells that lack wild-type p53; while many of these independent outcomes are consistent with oncogenic transformation, in some settings their functions could also be tumor suppressive. Since numerous small molecules that affect MDM2 and MDMX have been developed for therapeutic outcomes, most if not all designed to prevent their restraint of p53, it will be essential to understand how these diverse molecules might affect the p53-independent activities of MDM2 and MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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10
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Kafita D, Daka V, Nkhoma P, Zulu M, Zulu E, Tembo R, Ngwira Z, Mwaba F, Sinkala M, Munsaka S. High ELF4 expression in human cancers is associated with worse disease outcomes and increased resistance to anticancer drugs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248984. [PMID: 33836003 PMCID: PMC8034723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The malignant phenotype of tumour cells is fuelled by changes in the expression of various transcription factors, including some of the well-studied proteins such as p53 and Myc. Despite significant progress made, little is known about several other transcription factors, including ELF4, and how they help shape the oncogenic processes in cancer cells. To this end, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to facilitate a detailed understanding of how the expression variations of ELF4 in human cancers are related to disease outcomes and the cancer cell drug responses. Here, using ELF4 mRNA expression data of 9,350 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer project, we identify two groups of patient's tumours: those that expressed high ELF4 transcripts and those that expressed low ELF4 transcripts across 32 different human cancers. We uncover that patients segregated into these two groups are associated with different clinical outcomes. Further, we find that tumours that express high ELF4 mRNA levels tend to be of a higher-grade, afflict a significantly older patient population and have a significantly higher mutation burden. By analysing dose-response profiles to 397 anti-cancer drugs of 612 well-characterised human cancer cell lines, we discover that cell lines that expressed high ELF4 mRNA transcript are significantly less responsive to 129 anti-cancer drugs, and only significantly more response to three drugs: dasatinib, WH-4-023, and Ponatinib, all of which remarkably target the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC and tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1. Collectively our analyses have shown that, across the 32 different human cancers, the patients afflicted with tumours that overexpress ELF4 tended to have a more aggressive disease that is also is more likely more refractory to most anti-cancer drugs, a finding upon which we could devise novel categorisation of patient tumours, treatment, and prognostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kafita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Panji Nkhoma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mildred Zulu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Ephraim Zulu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rabecca Tembo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Zifa Ngwira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Florence Mwaba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sody Munsaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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11
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Sze KM, Ho DW, Chiu Y, Tsui Y, Chan L, Lee JM, Chok KS, Chan AC, Tang C, Tang VW, Lo IL, Yau DT, Cheung T, Ng IO. Hepatitis B Virus-Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter Integration Harnesses Host ELF4, Resulting in Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Transcription in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73:23-40. [PMID: 32170761 PMCID: PMC7898544 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrations are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In particular, alterations of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene by HBV integrations are frequent; however, the molecular mechanism and functional consequence underlying TERT HBV integration are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We adopted a targeted sequencing strategy to survey HBV integrations in human HBV-associated HCCs (n = 95). HBV integration at the TERT promoter was frequent (35.8%, n = 34/95) in HCC tumors and was associated with increased TERT mRNA expression and more aggressive tumor behavior. To investigate the functional importance of various integrated HBV components, we employed different luciferase reporter constructs and found that HBV enhancer I (EnhI) was the key viral component leading to TERT activation on integration at the TERT promoter. In addition, the orientation of the HBV integration at the TERT promoter further modulated the degree of TERT transcription activation in HCC cell lines and patients' HCCs. Furthermore, we performed array-based small interfering RNA library functional screening to interrogate the potential major transcription factors that physically interacted with HBV and investigated the cis-activation of host TERT gene transcription on viral integration. We identified a molecular mechanism of TERT activation through the E74 like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4), which normally could drive HBV gene transcription. ELF4 bound to the chimeric HBV EnhI at the TERT promoter, resulting in telomerase activation. Stable knockdown of ELF4 significantly reduced the TERT expression and sphere-forming ability in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a cis-activating mechanism harnessing host ELF4 and HBV integrated at the TERT promoter and uncover how TERT HBV-integrated HCCs may achieve TERT activation in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Man‐Fong Sze
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Daniel Wai‐Hung Ho
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yung‐Tuen Chiu
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yu‐Man Tsui
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Lo‐Kong Chan
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Joyce Man‐Fong Lee
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kenneth Siu‐Ho Chok
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Albert Chi‐Yan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | | | - Tan‐To Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Irene Oi‐Lin Ng
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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12
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Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Contributes to Cancer Stemness of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulating β-Catenin Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123785. [PMID: 33334065 PMCID: PMC7765506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common female malignancy worldwide, but the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is a kind of scaffold protein that may regulate multiple cellular processes by organizing binding partner proteins involving signaling transduction pathways. The goal of this study is to investigate if TRIB3 is involved in the malignant features of EC. Our data demonstrate that TRIB3 positively regulates the cancer stem-cell activity and in vivo tumorigenicity of EC cells by modulating β-catenin signaling through directly interacting with the ELF4 transcription factor. Our results could lead to new insight for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for EC by targeting TRIB3. Abstract Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is a scaffolding protein that regulates intracellular signal transduction, and its role in tumor development is controversial. Here, we investigated the biological function of TRIB3 in EC. We found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of TRIB3 was significantly and positively correlated with shorter overall survival of EC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The protein expression of TRIB3 was found to be significantly increased in EC cancer stem cells (CSCs) enriched by tumorsphere cultivation. Knockdown of TRIB3 in EC cells suppressed tumorsphere formation, the expression of cancer stemness genes, and the in vivo tumorigenesis. The expression of β-catenin at both the protein and the mRNA levels was downregulated upon TRIB3 silencing. TRIB3 was found to interact with E74 Like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4) in the nucleus and bound to ELF4 consensus sites within the catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) promoter in EC cell lines. These data indicated that TRIB3 may regulate CTNNB1 transcription by enhancing the recruitment of ELF4 to the CTNNB1 promoter. In conclusion, our results suggest that TRIB3 plays an oncogenic role in EC and positively regulates the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of EC-CSCs. Targeting TRIB3 is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy in future EC therapy.
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13
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Kosti A, Du L, Shivram H, Qiao M, Burns S, Garcia JG, Pertsemlidis A, Iyer VR, Kokovay E, Penalva LOF. ELF4 Is a Target of miR-124 and Promotes Neuroblastoma Proliferation and Undifferentiated State. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:68-78. [PMID: 31624087 PMCID: PMC6942226 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
13-Cis-retinoic acid (RA) is typically used in postremission maintenance therapy in patients with neuroblastoma. However, side effects and recurrence are often observed. We investigated the use of miRNAs as a strategy to replace RA as promoters of differentiation. miR-124 was identified as the top candidate in a functional screen. Genomic target analysis indicated that repression of a network of transcription factors (TF) could be mediating most of miR-124's effect in driving differentiation. To advance miR-124 mimic use in therapy and better define its mechanism of action, a high-throughput siRNA morphologic screen focusing on its TF targets was conducted and ELF4 was identified as a leading candidate for miR-124 repression. By altering its expression levels, we showed that ELF4 maintains neuroblastoma in an undifferentiated state and promotes proliferation. Moreover, ELF4 transgenic expression was able to counteract the neurogenic effect of miR-124 in neuroblastoma cells. With RNA sequencing, we established the main role of ELF4 to be regulation of cell-cycle progression, specifically through the DREAM complex. Interestingly, several cell-cycle genes activated by ELF4 are repressed by miR-124, suggesting that they might form a TF-miRNA regulatory loop. Finally, we showed that high ELF4 expression is often observed in neuroblastomas and is associated with poor survival. IMPLICATIONS: miR-124 induces neuroblastoma differentiation partially through the downregulation of TF ELF4, which drives neuroblastoma proliferation and its undifferentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kosti
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Mei Qiao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Suzanne Burns
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Juan Gabriel Garcia
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Vishwanath R Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Luiz O F Penalva
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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14
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Rovira-Rigau M, Raimondi G, Marín MÁ, Gironella M, Alemany R, Fillat C. Bioselection Reveals miR-99b and miR-485 as Enhancers of Adenoviral Oncolysis in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 27:230-243. [PMID: 30341009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are designed for cancer treatment. Cell-virus interactions are key determinants for successful viral replication. Therefore, the extensive reprogramming of gene expression that occurs in tumor cells might create a hurdle for viral propagation. We used a replication-based approach of a microRNA (miRNA) adenoviral library encoding up to 243 human miRNAs as a bioselection strategy to identify miRNAs that facilitate adenoviral oncolytic activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We identify two miRNAs, miR-99b and miR-485, that function as enhancers of adenoviral oncolysis by improving the intra- and extracellular yield of mature virions. An increased adenoviral activity is the consequence of enhanced E1A and late viral protein expression, which is probably mediated by the downregulation of the transcriptional repressors ELF4, MDM2, and KLF8, which we identify as miR-99b or miR-485 target genes. Arming the oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR15 with miR-99b or miR-485 enhances its fitness and its antitumoral activity. Our results demonstrate the potential of this strategy to improve oncolytic adenovirus potency, and they highlight miR-99b and miR-485 as sensitizers of adenoviral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rovira-Rigau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Marín
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Suico MA, Shuto T, Kai H. Roles and regulations of the ETS transcription factor ELF4/MEF. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:168-177. [PMID: 27932483 PMCID: PMC5907832 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. This is in part due to the roles of ETS transcription factors in basic biological processes such as growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and also because of their regulatory functions that have physiological relevance in tumorigenesis, immunity, and basal cellular homoeostasis. A member of the E74-like factor (ELF) subfamily of the ETS transcription factor family—myeloid elf-1-like factor (MEF), designated as ELF4—has been shown to be critically involved in immune response and signalling, osteogenesis, adipogenesis, cancer, and stem cell quiescence. ELF4 carries out these functions as a transcriptional activator or through interactions with its partner proteins. Mutations in ELF4 cause aberrant interactions and induce downstream processes that may lead to diseased cells. Knowing how ELF4 impinges on certain cellular processes and how it is regulated in the cells can lead to a better understanding of the physiological and pathological consequences of modulated ELF4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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16
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Shi Y, Wang D, Zhu X, Wu Q, Chen H, Xiao S, Fang L. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine E74-like factor 4 (ELF4). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:149-158. [PMID: 27426928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
E74-like factor 4 (ELF4) is a novel transcription factor that initiates transcription of type I interferon (IFN) genes to control diverse pathogens. Here, porcine ELF4 (poELF4) was cloned and its role in type I IFN signaling was investigated in different porcine cell lines. Full-length cDNA of poELF4 encodes 663 amino acid residues and ectopic expression of poELF4 significantly induced IFN-β production. Interestingly, difference from the human ELF4 (huELF4), poELF4 mutants lacking the serine/threonine rich domain, which has been demonstrated to be responsible for the phosphorylation of huELF4, were still capable of activating IFN-β promoter. Using pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as the models of DNA virus and RNA virus, respectively, we found that the replication of both PRV and PRRSV was reduced with poELF4 overexpression and enhanced with poELF4 knockdown. Taken together, these results suggested that poELF4 is an important antiviral host restriction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Chen Y, Pan K, Wang P, Cao Z, Wang W, Wang S, Hu N, Xue J, Li H, Jiang W, Li G, Zhang X. HBP1-mediated Regulation of p21 Protein through the Mdm2/p53 and TCF4/EZH2 Pathways and Its Impact on Cell Senescence and Tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12688-12705. [PMID: 27129219 PMCID: PMC4933444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of the CDK inhibitor p21 is associated with diverse biological activities, including cell proliferation, senescence, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms governing transcription of p21 need to be extensively studied. In this study, we demonstrate that the high-mobility group box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) transcription factor is a novel activator of p21 that works as part of a complex mechanism during senescence and tumorigenesis. We found that HBP1 activates the p21 gene through enhancing p53 stability by inhibiting Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of p53, a well known positive regulator of p21. HBP1 was also found to enhance p21 transcription by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We identified histone methyltransferase EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, as a target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. HBP1-mediated repression of EZH2 through Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased the level of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 of overall and specific histone on the p21 promoter, resulting in p21 transactivation. Although intricate, the reciprocal partnership of HBP1 and p21 has exceptional importance. HBP1-mediated elevation of p21 through the Mdm2/p53 and TCF4/EZH2 pathways contributes to both cellular senescence and tumor inhibition. Together, our results suggest that the HBP1 transcription factor orchestrates a complex regulation of key genes during cellular senescence and tumorigenesis with an impact on protein ubiquitination and overall histone methylation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Kewu Pan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- the Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengyi Cao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Weibin Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Shuya Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Ningguang Hu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Junhui Xue
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Hui Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Wei Jiang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Gang Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191 and.
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18
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Generation of a novel, multi-stage, progressive, and transplantable model of plasma cell neoplasms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22760. [PMID: 26961797 PMCID: PMC4785351 DOI: 10.1038/srep22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm with an extremely variable clinical
course. Animal models are needed to better understand its pathophysiology and for
preclinical testing of potential therapeutic agents. Hematopoietic cells expressing
the hypermorphic Rad50s allele show hematopoietic
failure, which can be mitigated by the lack of a transcription factor, Mef/Elf4.
However, we find that 70% of
Mef−/−Rad50s/s
mice die from multiple myeloma or other plasma cell neoplasms. These mice initially
show an abnormal plasma cell proliferation and monoclonal protein production, and
then develop anemia and a decreased bone mineral density. Tumor cells can be
serially transplanted and according to array CGH and whole exome sequencing, the
pathogenesis of plasma cell neoplasms in these mice is not linked to activation of a
specific oncogene, or inactivation of a specific tumor suppressor. This model
recapitulates the systemic manifestations of human plasma cell neoplasms, and
implicates cooperativity between the Rad50s and
Mef/Elf4 pathways in initiating myelomagenic mutations that promote plasma cell
transformation.
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19
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Ando M, Kawazu M, Ueno T, Koinuma D, Ando K, Koya J, Kataoka K, Yasuda T, Yamaguchi H, Fukumura K, Yamato A, Soda M, Sai E, Yamashita Y, Asakage T, Miyazaki Y, Kurokawa M, Miyazono K, Nimer SD, Yamasoba T, Mano H. Mutational Landscape and Antiproliferative Functions of ELF Transcription Factors in Human Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1814-24. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Suico MA, Taura M, Kudo E, Gotoh K, Shuto T, Okada S, Kai H. The ETS Factor Myeloid Elf-1-Like Factor (MEF)/Elf4 Is Transcriptionally and Functionally Activated by Hypoxia. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:641-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Manabu Taura
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University
| | - Kumiko Gotoh
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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21
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Mutations driving CLL and their evolution in progression and relapse. Nature 2015; 526:525-30. [PMID: 26466571 PMCID: PMC4815041 DOI: 10.1038/nature15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Which genetic alterations drive tumorigenesis and how they evolve over the course of disease and therapy are central questions in cancer biology. We identify 44 recurrently mutated genes and 11 recurrent somatic copy number variations through whole-exome sequencing of 538 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and matched germline DNA samples, 278 of which were collected in a prospective clinical trial. These include previously unrecognized cancer drivers (RPS15, IKZF3) and collectively identify RNA processing and export, MYC activity and MAPK signaling as central pathways involved in CLL. Clonality analysis of this large dataset further enabled reconstruction of temporal relationships between driver events. Direct comparison between matched pre-treatment and relapse samples from 59 patients demonstrated highly frequent clonal evolution. Thus, large sequencing datasets of clinically informative samples enable the discovery of novel cancer genes and the network of relationships between the driver events and their impact on disease relapse and clinical outcome.
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22
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Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated genes in the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:218-20. [PMID: 25544499 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major viral cause of chronic liver disease, frequently progresses to steatosis and cirrhosis, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection strongly induces host responses, such as the activation of the unfolded protein response, autophagy and the innate immune response. Upon HCV infection, the host induces the interferon (IFN)-mediated frontline defense to limit virus replication. Conversely, HCV employs diverse strategies to escape host innate immune surveillance. Type I IFN elicits its antiviral actions by inducing a wide array of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which these ISGs participate in IFN-mediated anti-HCV actions remain largely unknown. In this review, we first outline the signaling pathways known to be involved in the production of type I IFN and ISGs and the tactics that HCV uses to subvert innate immunity. Then, we summarize the effector mechanisms of scaffold ISGs known to modulate IFN function in HCV replication. We also highlight the potential functions of emerging ISGs, which were identified from genome-wide siRNA screens, in HCV replication. Finally, we discuss the functions of several cellular determinants critical for regulating host immunity in HCV replication. This review will provide a basis for understanding the complexity and functionality of the pleiotropic IFN system in HCV infection. Elucidation of the specificity and the mode of action of these emerging ISGs will also help to identify novel cellular targets against which effective HCV therapeutics can be developed.
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23
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Suico MA, Fukuda R, Miyakita R, Koyama K, Taura M, Shuto T, Kai H. The transcription factor MEF/Elf4 is dually modulated by p53-MDM2 axis and MEF-MDM2 autoregulatory mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26143-26154. [PMID: 25081543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid Elf-1-like factor (MEF) or Elf4 is an ETS transcription factor that activates innate immunity-associated genes such as lysozyme (LYZ), human β-defensin 2 (HβD2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in epithelial cells and is also known to influence cell cycle progression. MEF is transcriptionally activated by E2F1, but the E2F1-mediated transcriptional activation is inhibited by p53 through E2F1-p53 protein interaction. Although the transcriptional activation of MEF has been investigated in depth, its post-translational regulation is not well explored. By overexpressing MEF cDNA in human cell lines, here we show that MEF protein expression is suppressed by p53. By screening a number of E3 ligases regulated by p53, we found that MDM2 is involved in the effect of p53 on MEF. MDM2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and interacts with MEF protein to enhance MEF degradation. MDM2 reduces MEF protein expression, as well as stability and function of MEF as transcriptional activator. Furthermore, MDM2 was able to down-regulate MEF in the absence of p53, indicating a p53-independent effect on MEF. Notably, MEF transcriptionally activates MDM2, which was previously demonstrated to be the mechanism by which MEF suppresses the p53 protein. These results reveal that in addition to the potential of MEF to down-regulate p53 by transcriptionally activating E3 ligase MDM2, MEF participates with MDM2 in a novel autoregulatory feedback loop to regulate itself. Taken together with the findings on the effect of p53 on MEF, these data provide evidence that the p53-MDM2-MEF axis is a feedback mechanism that exquisitely controls the balance of these transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Rui Miyakita
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Manabu Taura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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24
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ELF4 is critical for induction of type I interferon and the host antiviral response. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:1237-46. [PMID: 24185615 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction of type I interferon is a central event of innate immunity, essential for host defense. Here we report that the transcription factor ELF4 is induced by type I interferon and upregulates interferon expression in a feed-forward loop. ELF4 deficiency leads to reduced interferon production, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to West Nile virus encephalitis in mice. After viral infection, ELF4 is recruited by STING, interacts with and is activated by the MAVS-TBK1 complex, and translocates into the nucleus to bind interferon promoters. Cooperative binding with ELF4 increases the binding affinity of interferon regulatory factors IRF3 and IRF7, which is mediated by EICE elements. Thus, in addition to identifying a regulator of innate immune signaling, we uncovered a role for EICE elements in interferon transactivation.
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25
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Ando K, Tsushima H, Matsuo E, Horio K, Tominaga-Sato S, Imanishi D, Imaizumi Y, Iwanaga M, Itonaga H, Yoshida S, Hata T, Moriuchi R, Kiyoi H, Nimer S, Mano H, Naoe T, Tomonaga M, Miyazaki Y. Mutations in the nucleolar phosphoprotein, nucleophosmin, promote the expression of the oncogenic transcription factor MEF/ELF4 in leukemia cells and potentiates transformation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9457-67. [PMID: 23393136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.415703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid ELF1-like factor (MEF/ELF4), a member of the ETS transcription factors, can function as an oncogene in murine cancer models and is overexpressed in various human cancers. Here, we report a mechanism by which MEF/ELF4 may be activated by a common leukemia-associated mutation in the nucleophosmin gene. By using a tandem affinity purification assay, we found that MEF/ELF4 interacts with multifactorial protein nucleophosmin (NPM1). Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down experiments demonstrated that MEF/ELF4 directly forms a complex with NPM1 and also identified the region of NPM1 that is responsible for this interaction. Functional analyses showed that wild-type NPM1 inhibited the DNA binding and transcriptional activity of MEF/ELF4 on the HDM2 promoter, whereas NPM1 mutant protein (Mt-NPM1) enhanced these activities of MEF/ELF4. Induction of Mt-NPM1 into MEF/ELF4-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells facilitated malignant transformation. In addition, clinical leukemia samples with NPM1 mutations had higher human MDM2 (HDM2) mRNA expression. Our data suggest that enhanced HDM2 expression induced by mutant NPM1 may have a role in MEF/ELF4-dependent leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease and Hibakusha Medicine Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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26
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Bazzoli E, Pulvirenti T, Oberstadt MC, Perna F, Wee B, Schultz N, Huse JT, Fomchenko EI, Voza F, Tabar V, Brennan CW, DeAngelis LM, Nimer SD, Holland EC, Squatrito M. MEF promotes stemness in the pathogenesis of gliomas. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 11:836-44. [PMID: 23217424 PMCID: PMC3812924 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are aggressive and uniformly fatal tumors, composed of a heterogeneous population of cells that include many with stem-cell-like properties. The acquisition of stem-like traits might contribute to glioma initiation, growth, and recurrence. Here we investigated the role of the transcription factor myeloid Elf-1 like factor (MEF, also known as ELF4) in gliomas. We found that MEF is highly expressed in both human and mouse glioblastomas and its absence impairs gliomagenesis in a PDGF-driven glioma mouse model. We show that modulation of MEF levels in both mouse neural stem cells and human glioblastoma cells has a significant impact on neurosphere formation. Moreover, we identify Sox2 as a direct downstream target of MEF. Taken together, our studies implicate MEF as a previously unrecognized gatekeeper gene in gliomagenesis that promotes stem cell characteristics through Sox2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bazzoli
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, University of Verona
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Department of Neurology, University of Verona
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Motor Sciences, University of Verona
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Teodoro Pulvirenti
- Cell Biology Program, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Moritz C. Oberstadt
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, University of Verona
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Department of Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Boyoung Wee
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, University of Verona
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jason T. Huse
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elena I. Fomchenko
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, University of Verona
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
| | - Francesca Voza
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Cameron W. Brennan
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lisa M. DeAngelis
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Department of Neurology, University of Verona
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eric C. Holland
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, University of Verona
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, University of Verona
- Brain Tumor Center, University of Verona
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27
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Fang Y, Hu XH, Jia ZG, Xu MH, Guo ZY, Gao FH. Tiron protects against UVB-induced senescence-like characteristics in human dermal fibroblasts by the inhibition of superoxide anion production and glutathione depletion. Australas J Dermatol 2012; 53:172-80. [PMID: 22734867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2012.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by UV irradiation, may induce an irreversible growth arrest similar to senescence. Tiron, 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid, is a widely used antioxidant to rescue ROS-evoked cell death. The aim of the article was to explore the effects of tiron on skin photoaging and associated mechanisms. METHODS The effects of tiron on cell proliferation were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Senescent cells were determined by morphology and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity analysis. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and glutathione concentration were analysed by a fluorescent probe. The concomitant changes of protein expression were analysed with Western blot. RESULTS Human dermal fibroblasts were induced to premature senescence by sub-cytotoxic doses of irradiated UVB. Strong senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and increased intracellular superoxide anion were observed in human dermal fibroblasts irradiated by UVB. Tiron blocks UVB-induced glutathione depletion and increase of superoxide anion and protects against UVB-induced senescence-like characteristics in human dermal fibroblasts. Compared with normal fibroblasts, UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts showed a higher ratio of active (hypophosphorylated) to inactive (phosphorylated) forms of Rb and p38, upregulation of p53 or p16 and c-Myc and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) downregulation. After treatment with tiron, p53, p16 c-Myc and IGF-1 as well as phosphorylation Rb and p38 could partially recover. CONCLUSION These results indicate that tiron protects against UVB-induced senescence-like characteristics in human dermal fibroblasts via the inhibition of production of superoxide anion and glutathione depletion, and modulation of related senescence proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- No.3 People's Hospital/Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
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28
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Abstract
Cancer cells silence autosomal tumor suppressor genes by Knudson's two-hit mechanism in which loss-of-function mutations and then loss of heterozygosity occur at the tumor suppressor gene loci. However, the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes has challenged the traditional theory of 'two-hit inactivation' in tumor suppressor genes, introducing the novel concept that a single genetic hit can cause loss of tumor suppressor function. The mechanism through which these genes are silenced in human cancer is unclear, but elucidating the details will greatly enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of human cancer. Here, we review the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes and discuss the potential mechanisms of their inactivation. In addition, we also discuss how the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes can potentially lead to new approaches in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mandy Kain
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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29
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Abstract
Mdm2 is an essential regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. Mdm2 is modified at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels to control p53 activity in normal versus stressed cells. Importantly, errors in these regulatory mechanisms can result in aberrant Mdm2 expression and failure to initiate programmed cell death in response to DNA damage. Such errors can have severe consequences as evidenced by tumor phenotypes resulting from amplification at the Mdm2 locus and changes in post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of Mdm2. Although Mdm2 mediated inhibition of p53 is well characterized, Mdm2 interacts with many additional proteins and also targets many of these for proteosomal degradation. Mdm2 also has E3-ligase independent functions and p53-independent functions that have important implications for genome stability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurisa F Riley
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Asai T, Liu Y, Bae N, Nimer SD. The p53 tumor suppressor protein regulates hematopoietic stem cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2215-21. [PMID: 21660944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a key transcription factor that regulates several signaling pathways involved in the cell's response to stress. Through stress-induced activation, p53 accumulates and triggers the expression of target genes that protect the genetic integrity of all cells including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These protective mechanisms include cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, induction of apoptosis, or initiation of senescence. In addition to its function under stress conditions, p53 has important functions during steady-state hematopoiesis, regulating HSC quiescence and self-renewal. In addition, it appears that p53 levels affect HSC competition for the hematopoietic niche, with the less p53 activated HSCs preferentially surviving. The specific genes and precise mechanisms underlying p53's effects on normal HSCs are slowly being clarified. p53 also plays an important role in leukemia stem cell (LSC) behavior, with p53 loss affecting drug resistance and disease progression. Pharmacologic activation of p53 function could overcome the adverse impact of p53 inactivation in LSCs. Thus, understanding the p53 regulatory mechanisms active in HSCs and LSCs may promote the development of new therapeutic strategies that could eliminate the population of largely quiescent LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asai
- Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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31
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Sashida G, Bae N, Di Giandomenico S, Asai T, Gurvich N, Bazzoli E, Liu Y, Huang G, Zhao X, Menendez S, Nimer SD. The mef/elf4 transcription factor fine tunes the DNA damage response. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4857-65. [PMID: 21616937 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ATM kinase plays a critical role in initiating the DNA damage response that is triggered by genotoxic stresses capable of inducing DNA double-strand breaks. Here, we show that ELF4/MEF, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, contributes to the persistence of γH2AX DNA damage foci and promotes the DNA damage response leading to the induction of apoptosis. Conversely, the absence of ELF4 promotes the faster repair of damaged DNA and more rapid disappearance of γH2AX foci in response to γ-irradiation, leading to a radio-resistant phenotype despite normal ATM phosphorylation. Following γ-irradiation, ATM phosphorylates ELF4, leading to its degradation; a mutant form of ELF4 that cannot be phosphorylated by ATM persists following γ-irradiation, delaying the resolution of γH2AX foci and triggering an excessive DNA damage response. Thus, although ELF4 promotes the phosphorylation of H2AX by ATM, its activity must be dampened by ATM-dependent phosphorylation and degradation to avoid an excessive DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Sashida
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program of the Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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32
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Wang Z, Li B. Mdm2 links genotoxic stress and metabolism to p53. Protein Cell 2011; 1:1063-72. [PMID: 21213101 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) gene was isolated from a cDNA library derived from transformed mouse 3T3 cells, and was classified as an oncogene as it confers 3T3 and Rat2 cells tumorigenicity when overexpressed. It encodes a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling ubiquitin E3 ligase, with its main target being tumor suppressor p53, which is mutated in more than 50% of human primary tumors. Mdm2's oncogenic activity is mainly mediated by p53, which is activated by various stresses, especially genotoxic stress, via Atm (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and Atr (Atm and Rad3-related). Activated p53 inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis or senescence, and maintains genome integrity. Mdm2 is also a target gene of p53 transcription factor. Thus, Mdm2 and p53 form a feedback regulatory loop. External and internal cues, through multiple signaling pathways, can act on Mdm2 to regulate p53 levels and cell proliferation, death, and senescence. This review will focus on how Mdm2 is regulated under genotoxic stress, and by the Akt1-mTOR-S6K1 pathway that is activated by insulin, growth factors, amino acids, or energy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfeng Wang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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Sashida G, Bazzoli E, Menendez S, Liu Y, Nimer SD. The oncogenic role of the ETS transcription factors MEF and ERG. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:3457-9. [PMID: 20814243 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.17.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ETS transcription factors, including MEF/ELF4 and ERG, can function as oncogenes and are overexpressed in human cancer. MEF cooperates in tumorigenesis in retroviral insertional mutagenesis-based mouse models of cancer and MEF is overexpressed in human lymphoma and ovarian cancer tissues via unknown mechanisms. ERG (Ets related gene) overexpression or increased activity has been found in various human cancers, including sarcomas, acute myeloid leukemia and prostate cancer, where the ERG gene is rearranged due to chromosomal translocations. We have been examining how MEF functions as an oncogene and recently showed that MEF can cooperate with H-Ras(G12V) and can inhibit both p53 and p16 expression thereby promoting transformation. In fact, in cells lacking p53, the absence of Mef abrogates H-Ras(G12V)-induced transformation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, at least in part due to increased p16 expression. We discuss the known mechanisms by which the ETS transcription factors MEF and ERG contribute to the malignant transformation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Sashida
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program of the Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
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Taura M, Suico MA, Fukuda R, Koga T, Shuto T, Sato T, Morino-Koga S, Okada S, Kai H. MEF/ELF4 transactivation by E2F1 is inhibited by p53. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:76-88. [PMID: 20805247 PMCID: PMC3017608 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid elf-1-like factor (MEF) or Elf4 is an E-twenty-six (ETS)-related transcription factor with strong transcriptional activity that influences cellular senescence by affecting tumor suppressor p53. MEF downregulates p53 expression and inhibits p53-mediated cellular senescence by transcriptionally activating MDM2. However, whether p53 reciprocally opposes MEF remains unex-plored. Here, we show that MEF is modulated by p53 in human cells and mice tissues. MEF expression and promoter activity were suppressed by p53. While we found that MEF promoter does not contain p53 response elements, intriguingly, it contains E2F consensus sites. Subsequently, we determined that E2F1 specifically binds to MEF promoter and transactivates MEF. Nevertheless, E2F1 DNA binding and transactivation of MEF promoter was inhibited by p53 through the association between p53 and E2F1. Furthermore, we showed that activation of p53 in doxorubicin-induced senescent cells increased E2F1 and p53 interaction, diminished E2F1 recruitment to MEF promoter and reduced MEF expression. These observations suggest that p53 downregulates MEF by associating with and inhibiting the binding activity of E2F1, a novel transcriptional activator of MEF. Together with previous findings, our present results indicate that a negative regulatory mechanism exists between p53 and MEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Taura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global COE 'Cell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Liu Y, Elf SE, Asai T, Miyata Y, Liu Y, Sashida G, Huang G, Di Giandomenico S, Koff A, Nimer SD. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell behavior. Cell Cycle 2010; 8:3120-4. [PMID: 19755852 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.19.9627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse stresses, the tumor suppressor p53 differentially regulates its target genes, variably inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis or senescence. Emerging evidence indicates that p53 plays an important role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence, self-renewal, apoptosis and aging. The p53 pathway is activated by DNA damage, defects in ribosome biogenesis, oxidative stress and oncogene induced p19 ARF upregulation. We present an overview of the current state of knowledge about p53 (and its target genes) in regulating HSC behavior, with the hope that understanding the molecular mechanisms that control p53 activity in HSCs and how p53 mutations affect its role in these events may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for eliminating leukemia (and cancer) propagating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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