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Progression of AITL-like tumors in mice is driven by Tfh signature proteins and T-B cross talk. Blood Adv 2021; 4:868-879. [PMID: 32130407 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma driven by a pool of neoplastic cells originating from T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and concomitant expansion of B cells. Conventional chemotherapies for AITL have shown limited efficacy, and as such, there is a need for improved therapeutic options. Because AITL originates from Tfh cells, we hypothesized that AITL tumors continue to rely on essential Tfh components and intimate T-cell-B-cell (T-B) interactions. Using a spontaneous AITL mouse model (Roquinsan/+ mice), we found that acute loss of Bcl6 activity in growing tumors drastically reduced tumor size, demonstrating that AITL-like tumors critically depend on the Tfh lineage-defining transcription factor Bcl6. Because Bcl6 can upregulate expression of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP), which is known to promote T-B conjugation, we next targeted the SAP-encoding Sh2d1a gene. We observed that Sh2d1a deletion from CD4+ T cells in fully developed tumors also led to tumor regression. Further, we provide evidence that tumor progression depends on T-B cross talk facilitated by SAP and high-affinity LFA-1. In our study, AITL-like tumors relied heavily on molecular pathways that support Tfh cell identity and T-B collaboration, revealing potential therapeutic targets for AITL.
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Hart AP, Laufer TM. A review of signaling and transcriptional control in T follicular helper cell differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:173-195. [PMID: 33866600 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ri0121-066r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity and assist in optimal Ab-mediated defense. Multiple effector functions of Tfh support germinal center B cell survival, Ab class switching, and plasma cell maturation. In the past 2 decades, the phenotype and functional characteristics of GC Tfh have been clarified allowing for robust studies of the Th subset including activation signals and environmental cues controlling Tfh differentiation and migration during an immune response. A unique, 2-step differentiation process of Tfh has been proposed but the mechanisms underlying transition between unstable Tfh precursors and functional mature Tfh remain elusive. Likewise, newly identified transcriptional regulators of Tfh development have not yet been incorporated into our understanding of how these cells might function in disease. Here, we review the signals and downstream transcription factors that shape Tfh differentiation including what is known about the epigenetic processes that maintain Tfh identity. It is proposed that further evaluation of the stepwise differentiation pattern of Tfh will yield greater insights into how these cells become dysregulated in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Terri M Laufer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael C. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Biram A, Winter E, Denton AE, Zaretsky I, Dassa B, Bemark M, Linterman MA, Yaari G, Shulman Z. B Cell Diversification Is Uncoupled from SAP-Mediated Selection Forces in Chronic Germinal Centers within Peyer's Patches. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1910-1922.e5. [PMID: 32049020 PMCID: PMC7016508 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies secreted within the intestinal tract provide protection from the invasion of microbes into the host tissues. Germinal center (GC) formation in lymph nodes and spleen strictly requires SLAM-associated protein (SAP)-mediated T cell functions; however, it is not known whether this mechanism plays a similar role in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. Here, we find that in Peyer’s patches (PPs), SAP-mediated T cell help is required for promoting B cell selection in GCs, but not for clonal diversification. PPs of SAP-deficient mice host chronic GCs that are absent in T cell-deficient mice. GC B cells in SAP-deficient mice express AID and Bcl6 and generate plasma cells in proportion to the GC size. Single-cell IgA sequencing analysis reveals that these mice host few diversified clones that were subjected to mild selection forces. These findings demonstrate that T cell-derived help to B cells in PPs includes SAP-dependent and SAP-independent functions. Chronic germinal centers in Peyer’s patches are formed in SAP-deficient mice SAP-independent germinal centers arise in response to influenza infection Few highly diversified clones dominate the SAP-independent germinal centers Germinal center B cells in SAP-deficient mice are subjected to mild selection forces
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Biram
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eitan Winter
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Alice E Denton
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Irina Zaretsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Department of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gur Yaari
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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Zhong MC, Lu Y, Qian J, Zhu Y, Dong L, Zahn A, Di Noia JM, Karo-Atar D, King IL, Veillette A. SLAM family receptors control pro-survival effectors in germinal center B cells to promote humoral immunity. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200756. [PMID: 33237304 PMCID: PMC7694575 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) is critical for the germinal center (GC) reaction and T cell-dependent antibody production. However, when SAP is expressed normally, the role of the associated SLAM family receptors (SFRs) in these processes is nebulous. Herein, we established that in the presence of SAP, SFRs suppressed the expansion of the GC reaction but facilitated the generation of antigen-specific B cells and antibodies. SFRs favored the generation of antigen-reactive B cells and antibodies by boosting expression of pro-survival effectors, such as the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and Bcl-2, in activated GC B cells. The effects of SFRs on the GC reaction and T cell-dependent antibody production necessitated expression of multiple SFRs, both in T cells and in B cells. Hence, while in the presence of SAP, SFRs inhibit the GC reaction, they are critical for the induction of T cell-mediated humoral immunity by enhancing expression of pro-survival effectors in GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jin Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yingzi Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Genetic Diversity, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Javier M. Di Noia
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Genetic Diversity, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Irah L. King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Liu Y, Chen L, Wang L, Xiong Y. Effects of intestinal lymphatic ligation on intestinal immunity in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1109-1121. [PMID: 33576136 PMCID: PMC8016124 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by a complicated pathogenesis, multiple organ failure, and high mortality. The primary aim of the present study was to observe the effect of intestinal lymphatic ligation on intestinal injury and modification in rats with SAP. Male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into: (a) Saline group (SO); (b) SAP group; and (c) SAP + ligation group. We evaluated the effect of mesenteric lymphatic duct ligation on the pancreas and intestine tissue by HE. The histopathology of the pancreas in SAP + ligation rats was alleviated slightly compared with SAP rats, but aggravated in the intestine of SAP + ligation rats. Treatment of mesenteric lymphatic duct ligation resulted in an increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and myeloperoxidase compared with the small intestinal tissues of SAP rats. In addition, the expression of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors 3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC), and caspase‐1 in the intestine were higher in the SAP + ligation group. The ratio of Th1/Th2 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the SAP group was lower than those in the SAP + ligation group. The present results indicated that ligation of the mesenteric lymph duct can effectively prevent intestinal inflammatory mediators entering the body through the mesenteric lymph duct, but these mediators assembled in the intestine where they induced an excessive immune response and intestinal injury during SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Liu
- College of Comprehensive Health Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated T.C.M. Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Han Y, Wang X, Pang X, Hu M, Lu Y, Qu J, Chen G. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate interferes with T-follicular helper cell differentiation and cytokine secretion through signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member-1. J Immunotoxicol 2019; 16:155-163. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1649765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mangze Hu
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Dragovich MA, Mor A. The SLAM family receptors: Potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:674-682. [PMID: 29729453 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family is comprised of nine distinct receptors (SLAMF1 through SLAMF9) that are expressed on hematopoietic cells. All of these receptors, with the exception of SLAMF4, are homotypic by nature as downstream signaling occurs when hematopoietic cells that express the same SLAM receptor interact. The SLAM family receptor function is largely controlled via SLAM associated protein (SAP) family adaptors. The SAP family adaptors consist of SAP, Ewing sarcoma associated transcript (EAT)-2, and EAT-2-related transducer (ERT). These adaptors associate with the cytoplasmic domain of the SLAM family receptors through phosphorylated tyrosines. Defects in SLAM family members and SAP adaptors have been implicated in causing immune deficiencies. This is exemplified in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease, where SAP undergoes a loss of function mutation. Furthermore, evidence has been accumulating that SLAM family members are potential targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the structure and function of the SLAM family receptors and SAP family adaptors, their role in immune regulation, and potential approaches to target this family of receptors therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Dragovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adam Mor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Zhong MC, Veillette A. The adaptor molecule signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP) is essential in mechanisms involving the Fyn tyrosine kinase for induction and progression of collagen-induced arthritis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31423-36. [PMID: 24045941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) is an Src homology 2 domain-only adaptor involved in multiple immune cell functions. It has also been linked to immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we examined the role and mechanism of action of SAP in autoimmunity using a mouse model of autoimmune arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We found that SAP was essential for development of CIA in response to collagen immunization. It was also required for production of collagen-specific antibodies, which play a key role in disease pathogenesis. These effects required SAP expression in T cells, not in B cells. In mice immunized with a high dose of collagen, the activity of SAP was nearly independent of its ability to bind the protein tyrosine kinase Fyn and correlated with the capacity of SAP to promote full differentiation of follicular T helper (TFH) cells. However, with a lower dose of collagen, the role of SAP was more dependent on Fyn binding, suggesting that additional mechanisms other than TFH cell differentiation were involved. Further studies suggested that this might be due to a role of the SAP-Fyn interaction in natural killer T cell development through the ability of SAP-Fyn to promote Vav-1 activation. We also found that removal of SAP expression during progression of CIA attenuated disease severity. However, it had no effect on disease when CIA was clinically established. Together, these results indicate that SAP plays an essential role in CIA because of Fyn-independent and Fyn-dependent effects on TFH cells and, possibly, other T cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chao Zhong
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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