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Meng S, Cao H, Huang Y, Shi Z, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Shi H, Gao Y. ASK1-K716R reduces neuroinflammation and white matter injury via preserving blood-brain barrier integrity after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:244. [PMID: 37875988 PMCID: PMC10594934 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide public health concern that necessitates attention. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a key player in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke and epilepsy when deleted. Nonetheless, the specific impact of ASK1 on TBI and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Notably, mutation of ATP-binding sites, such as lysine residues, can lead to catalytic inactivation of ASK1. To address these knowledge gaps, we generated transgenic mice harboring a site-specific mutant ASK1 Map3k5-e (K716R), enabling us to assess its effects and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms following TBI. METHODS We employed the CRIPR/Cas9 system to generate a transgenic mouse model carrying the ASK1-K716R mutation, aming to investigate the functional implications of this specific mutant. The controlled cortical impact method was utilized to induce TBI. Expression and distribution of ASK1 were detected through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The ASK1 kinase activity after TBI was detected by a specific ASK1 kinase activity kit. Cerebral microvessels were isolated by gradient centrifugation using dextran. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. BBB ultrastructure was visualized using transmission electron microscopy, while the expression levels of endothelial tight junction proteins and ASK1 signaling pathway proteins was detected by Western blotting. To investigate TBI-induced neuroinflammation, we conducted immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analyses. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining and electrophysiological compound action potentials were conducted to evaluate gray and white matter injury. Finally, sensorimotor function and cognitive function were assessed by a battery of behavioral tests. RESULTS The activity of ASK1-K716R was significantly decreased following TBI. Western blotting confirmed that ASK1-K716R effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of ASK1, JNKs, and p38 in response to TBI. Additionally, ASK1-K716R demonstrated a protective function in maintaining BBB integrity by suppressing ASK1/JNKs activity in endothelial cells, thereby reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins following TBI. Besides, ASK1-K716R effectively suppressed the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma, decreased the number of proinflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, increased the number of anti-inflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, and downregulated expression of several proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, ASK1-K716R attenuated white matter injury and improved the nerve conduction function of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers after TBI. Finally, our findings demonstrated that ASK1-K716R exhibited favorable long-term functional and histological outcomes in the aftermath of TBI. CONCLUSION ASK1-K716R preserves BBB integrity by inhibiting ASK1/JNKs pathway in endothelial cells, consequently reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins. Additionally, it alleviates early neuroinflammation by inhibiting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma and modulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages. These beneficial effects of ASK1-K716R subsequently result in a reduction in white matter injury and promote the long-term recovery of neurological function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Pan J, Liu M, Duan X, Wang D. A short peptide LINC00665_18aa encoded by lncRNA LINC00665 suppresses the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells through the regulation of the CREB1/RPS6KA3 interaction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286422. [PMID: 37285335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) encompass short open reading frames (sORFs) that can be translated into small peptides. Here, we investigated the encoding potential of lncRNA LINC00665 in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Bioinformatic analyses were utilized to predict the lncRNAs with encoding potential in human U2OS cells. Protein expression was assessed by an immunoblotting or immunofluorescence method. Cell viability was assessed by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Cell migration was gauged by transwell assay. The downstream effectors of the short peptide were verified using qualitative proteome analysis after immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments. The effect of the short peptide on protein interactions were confirmed by Co-Immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assays. We found that lncRNA LINC00665 encoded an 18-amino acid (aa)-long short peptide (named LINC00665_18aa). LINC00665_18aa suppressed the viability, proliferation, and migration of human MNNG-HOS and U2OS OS cells in vitro and diminished tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00665_18aa impaired the transcriptional activity, nuclear localization, and phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1). Moreover, LINC00665_18aa weakened the interaction between CREB1 and ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3 (RPS6KA3, RSK2). Additionally, increased expression of CREB1 reversed the inhibitory effects of LINC00665_18aa on OS cell proliferation and migration. Our findings show that the short peptide LINC00665_18aa exerts a tumor-inhibitory function in OS, providing a new basis for cancer therapeutics through the functions of the short peptides encoded by lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaozong Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Boese AC, Kang J, Hwang JS, Kim J, Eun K, Malin CM, Magliocca KR, Pan C, Jin L, Kang S. Succinyl-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta promotes stress granule assembly to regulate redox and drive cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217332120. [PMID: 37253003 PMCID: PMC10266061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217332120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies demonstrate active mitochondrial metabolism in cancers, the precise mechanisms through which mitochondrial factors contribute to cancer metastasis remain elusive. Through a customized mitochondrion RNAi screen, we identified succinyl-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta (SUCLA2) as a critical anoikis resistance and metastasis driver in human cancers. Mechanistically, SUCLA2, but not the alpha subunit of its enzyme complex, relocates from mitochondria to the cytosol upon cell detachment where SUCLA2 then binds to and promotes the formation of stress granules. SUCLA2-mediated stress granules facilitate the protein translation of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, which mitigates oxidative stress and renders cancer cells resistant to anoikis. We provide clinical evidence that SUCLA2 expression correlates with catalase levels as well as metastatic potential in lung and breast cancer patients. These findings not only implicate SUCLA2 as an anticancer target, but also provide insight into a unique, noncanonical function of SUCLA2 that cancer cells co-opt to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C. Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Kiyoung Eun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Courteney M. Malin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Kelly R. Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
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EGFR-phosphorylated GDH1 harmonizes with RSK2 to drive CREB activation and tumor metastasis in EGFR-activated lung cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111827. [PMID: 36516759 PMCID: PMC9813823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer metastasis process involves dysregulated oncogenic kinase signaling, but how this orchestrates metabolic networks and signal cascades to promote metastasis is largely unclear. Here we report that inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) and ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) synergistically attenuates cell invasion, anoikis resistance, and immune escape in lung cancer and more evidently in tumors harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating or EGFR inhibitor-resistant mutations. Mechanistically, GDH1 is activated by EGFR through phosphorylation at tyrosine 135 and, together with RSK2, enhances the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activity via CaMKIV signaling, thereby promoting metastasis. Co-targeting RSK2 and GDH1 leads to enhanced intratumoral CD8 T cell infiltration. Moreover, GDH1, RSK2, and CREB phosphorylation positively correlate with EGFR mutation and activation in lung cancer patient tumors. Our findings reveal a crosstalk between kinase, metabolic, and transcription machinery in metastasis and offer an alternative combinatorial therapeutic strategy to target metastatic cancers with activated EGFRs that are often EGFR therapy resistant.
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Seo E, Nam H, Jun HS. Reactive oxygen species induce HNF-4α expression via the ASK1-CREB pathway, promoting ChREBP expression and lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Life Sci 2022; 310:121042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Boese AC, Hwang JS, Young I, Malin CM, Avalos V, Kang J, Kang S. Metabolic inhibitor screening identifies dihydrofolate reductase as an inducer of the tumor immune escape mediator CD24. IMMUNOMEDICINE 2022; 2:e1041. [PMID: 36816458 PMCID: PMC9937563 DOI: 10.1002/imed.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the clinical management of some cancer cases, yet patients still fail to respond to immunotherapy. Dysregulated metabolism is a common feature of many cancers, and metabolites are known to modulate functions in cancer cells. To identify potential metabolic pathways involved in anti-tumor immune response, we employed a metabolic inhibitor-based drug screen in human lung cancer cell lines and examined expression changes in a panel of immune regulator genes. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) downregulated cancer cell expression of cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), an anti-phagocytic surface protein. Genetic modulation of DHFR resulted in decrease of CD24 expression, whereas tetrahydrofolate, the product of DHFR, enhanced CD24 expression. DHFR inhibition and the consequent CD24 decrease enhanced T cell-mediated tumor cell killing, whereas replenishment of DHFR or CD24 partially mitigated the immune-mediated tumor cell killing that resulted from methotrexate treatment in cancer cells. Moreover, publicly available clinical data analyses further revealed the link between DHFR, CD24, and the antitumor immune response in lung cancer patients. Our study highlights a novel connection between folate metabolism and the anti-tumor immune response and partially interprets how DHFR inhibitors lead to clinical benefits when combined with cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C. Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Isabelle Young
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Current address: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Courteney M. Malin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Vanessa Avalos
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Crystallographic mining of ASK1 regulators to unravel the intricate PPI interfaces for the discovery of small molecule. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3734-3754. [PMID: 35891784 PMCID: PMC9294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein seldom performs biological activities in isolation. Understanding the protein–protein interactions’ physical rewiring in response to pathological conditions or pathogen infection can help advance our comprehension of disease etiology, progression, and pathogenesis, which allow us to explore the alternate route to control the regulation of key target interactions, timely and effectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now a global public health problem exacerbated due to the lack of appropriate treatments. The most advanced anti-NASH lead compound (selonsertib) is withdrawn, though it is able to inhibit its target Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) completely, indicating the necessity to explore alternate routes rather than complete inhibition. Understanding the interaction fingerprints of endogenous regulators at the molecular level that underpin disease formation and progression may spur the rationale of designing therapeutic strategies. Based on our analysis and thorough literature survey of the various key regulators and PTMs, the current review emphasizes PPI-based drug discovery’s relevance for NASH conditions. The lack of structural detail (interface sites) of ASK1 and its regulators makes it challenging to characterize the PPI interfaces. This review summarizes key regulators interaction fingerprinting of ASK1, which can be explored further to restore the homeostasis from its hyperactive states for therapeutics intervention against NASH.
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Key Words
- ASK1
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CFLAR, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- CREG, Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes
- DKK3, Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Interaction fingerprint
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTM, Post-trancriptional modification
- PTMs
- Protein-protein interaction
- TNFAIP3, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3
- TRAF2/6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor2/6
- TRIM48, Tripartite Motif Containing 48
- TRX, Thioredoxin
- USP9X, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked
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Obsilova V, Honzejkova K, Obsil T. Structural Insights Support Targeting ASK1 Kinase for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413395. [PMID: 34948191 PMCID: PMC8705584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, modulates diverse responses to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and calcium influx. As a crucial cellular stress sensor, ASK1 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPKs. Their excessive and sustained activation leads to cell death, inflammation and fibrosis in various tissues and is implicated in the development of many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in addition to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, currently available inhibitors of JNK and p38 kinases either lack efficacy or have undesirable side effects. Therefore, targeted inhibition of their upstream activator, ASK1, stands out as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating such severe pathological conditions. This review summarizes recent structural findings on ASK1 regulation and its role in various diseases, highlighting prospects for ASK1 inhibition in the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (V.O.); (T.O.); Tel.: +420-325-87-3513 (V.O.); +420-22-195-1303 (T.O.)
| | - Karolina Honzejkova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.O.); (T.O.); Tel.: +420-325-87-3513 (V.O.); +420-22-195-1303 (T.O.)
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Pan C, Kang J, Hwang JS, Li J, Boese AC, Wang X, Yang L, Boggon TJ, Chen GZ, Saba NF, Shin DM, Magliocca KR, Jin L, Kang S. Cisplatin-mediated activation of glucocorticoid receptor induces platinum resistance via MAST1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4960. [PMID: 34400618 PMCID: PMC8368102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonists of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are frequently given to cancer patients with platinum-containing chemotherapy to reduce inflammation, but how GR influences tumor growth in response to platinum-based chemotherapy such as cisplatin through inflammation-independent signaling remains largely unclear. Combined genomics and transcription factor profiling reveal that MAST1, a critical platinum resistance factor that reprograms the MAPK pathway, is upregulated upon cisplatin exposure through activated transcription factor GR. Mechanistically, cisplatin binds to C622 in GR and recruits GR to the nucleus for its activation, which induces MAST1 expression and consequently reactivates MEK signaling. GR nuclear translocation and MAST1 upregulation coordinately occur in patient tumors collected after platinum treatment, and align with patient treatment resistance. Co-treatment with dexamethasone and cisplatin restores cisplatin-resistant tumor growth, whereas addition of the MAST1 inhibitor lestaurtinib abrogates tumor growth while preserving the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on inflammation in vivo. These findings not only provide insights into the underlying mechanism of GR in cisplatin resistance but also offer an effective alternative therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical outcome of patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy with GR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Z Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Cronin R, Brooke GN, Prischi F. The role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:3775-3785. [PMID: 33972681 PMCID: PMC8175238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men, with over a million new cases every year worldwide. Tumor growth and disease progression is mainly dependent on the Androgen Receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Standard PCa therapeutic treatments include androgen-deprivation therapy and AR signaling inhibitors. Despite being successful in controlling the disease in the majority of men, the high frequency of disease progression to aggressive and therapy resistant stages (termed castrate resistant prostate cancer) has led to the search for new therapeutic targets. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1-4) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that holds promise as a novel target. RSKs are effector kinases that lay downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and aberrant activation or expression of RSKs has been reported in several malignancies, including PCa. Despite their structural similarities, RSK isoforms have been shown to perform nonredundant functions and target a wide range of substrates involved in regulation of transcription and translation. In this article we review the roles of the RSKs in proliferation and motility, cell cycle control and therapy resistance in PCa, highlighting the possible interplay between RSKs and AR in mediating disease progression. In addition, we summarize the current advances in RSK inhibitor development and discuss their potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cronin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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Pan C, Chun J, Li D, Boese AC, Li J, Kang J, Umano A, Jiang Y, Song L, Magliocca KR, Chen ZG, Saba NF, Shin DM, Owonikoko TK, Lonial S, Jin L, Kang S. Hsp90B enhances MAST1-mediated cisplatin resistance by protecting MAST1 from proteosomal degradation. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4110-4123. [PMID: 31449053 DOI: 10.1172/jci125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1) is a central driver of cisplatin resistance in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism regulating MAST1 levels in cisplatin-resistant tumors is unknown. Through a proteomics screen, we identified the heat shock protein 90 B (hsp90B) chaperone as a direct MAST1 binding partner essential for its stabilization. Targeting hsp90B sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin predominantly through MAST1 destabilization. Mechanistically, interaction of hsp90B with MAST1 blocked ubiquitination of MAST1 at lysines 317 and 545 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP and prevented proteasomal degradation. The hsp90B-MAST1-CHIP signaling axis and its relationship with cisplatin response were clinically validated in cancer patients. Furthermore, combined treatment with a hsp90 inhibitor and the MAST1 inhibitor lestaurtinib further abrogated MAST1 activity and consequently enhanced cisplatin-induced tumor growth arrest in a patient-derived xenograft model. Our study not only uncovers the regulatory mechanism of MAST1 in tumors but also suggests a promising combinatorial therapy to overcome cisplatin resistance in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Umano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Li J, Pan C, Boese AC, Kang J, Umano AD, Magliocca KR, Yang W, Zhang Y, Lonial S, Jin L, Kang S. DGKA Provides Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Through Activation of c-JUN-WEE1 Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3843-3855. [PMID: 32341033 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although platinum compounds are the first-line treatment for ovarian cancer, the majority of patients relapse and develop resistance to treatment. However, the mechanism underlying resistance is unclear. The goal of our study is to decipher the mechanism by which a metabolic kinase, diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA), confers platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Metabolic kinase RNAi synthetic lethal screening was used to identify a cisplatin resistance driver in ovarian cancer. DGKA variants were used to demonstrate the need for DGKA activity in cisplatin resistance. Phospho-proteomic and genomic screens were performed to identify downstream effectors of DGKA. Therapeutic efficacy of targeting DGKA was confirmed and clinical relevance of DGKA signaling was validated using ovarian cancer patient-derived tumors that had different responses to platinum-based therapy. RESULTS We found that platinum resistance was mediated by DGKA and its product, phosphatidic acid (PA), in ovarian cancer. Proteomic and genomic screens revealed that DGKA activates the transcription factor c-JUN and consequently enhances expression of a cell-cycle regulator, WEE1. Mechanistically, PA facilitates c-JUN N-terminal kinase recruitment to c-JUN and its nuclear localization, leading to c-JUN activation upon cisplatin exposure. Pharmacologic inhibition of DGKA sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment and DGKA-c-JUN-WEE1 signaling positively correlated with platinum resistance in tumors derived from patients with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates how the DGKA-derived lipid messenger, PA, contributes to cisplatin resistance by intertwining with kinase and transcription networks, and provides preclinical evidence for targeting DGKA as a new strategy in ovarian cancer treatment to battle cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna D Umano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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13
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Zhou R, Rotte A, Li G, Chen X, Chen G, Bhandaru M. Nuclear localization of ING3 is required to suppress melanoma cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:418-424. [PMID: 32334834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of growth family member 3 (ING3), a tumor suppressor, plays crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and transcription. Previous studies suggest important roles of nuclear ING3, however, the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of ING3 is not defined and its biological functions remain to be elucidated. In this study, various ING3 mutants were generated to identify its NLS. The NLS of ING3 was determined as KKFK between 164 and 167 amino acids. More intriguingly, replacement of Lysine 164 residue of ING3 with alanine (K164A) resulted in retention of ING3 in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of ING3 led to inhibition of melanoma cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis respectively, however, this inhibition was abrogated in cells with overexpression of ING3-K164A mutant. In conclusion, this study identified the NLS of ING3 and demonstrated the significance of ING3 nuclear localization for tumor suppressive functions of ING3, and future studies await to elucidate the role of ING3 (K164) post-modificaton in its nuclear transportation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Anand Rotte
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Madhuri Bhandaru
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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14
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Francescangeli F, Contavalli P, De Angelis ML, Careccia S, Signore M, Haas TL, Salaris F, Baiocchi M, Boe A, Giuliani A, Tcheremenskaia O, Pagliuca A, Guardiola O, Minchiotti G, Colace L, Ciardi A, D'Andrea V, La Torre F, Medema J, De Maria R, Zeuner A. A pre-existing population of ZEB2 + quiescent cells with stemness and mesenchymal features dictate chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:2. [PMID: 31910865 PMCID: PMC6947904 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Quiescent/slow cycling cells have been identified in several tumors and correlated with therapy resistance. However, the features of chemoresistant populations and the molecular factors linking quiescence to chemoresistance are largely unknown. Methods A population of chemoresistant quiescent/slow cycling cells was isolated through PKH26 staining (which allows to separate cells on the basis of their proliferation rate) from colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts and subjected to global gene expression and pathway activation analyses. Factors expressed by the quiescent/slow cycling population were analyzed through lentiviral overexpression approaches for their ability to induce a dormant chemoresistant state both in vitro and in mouse xenografts. The correlation between quiescence-associated factors, CRC consensus molecular subtype and cancer prognosis was analyzed in large patient datasets. Results Untreated colorectal tumors contain a population of quiescent/slow cycling cells with stem cell features (quiescent cancer stem cells, QCSCs) characterized by a predetermined mesenchymal-like chemoresistant phenotype. QCSCs expressed increased levels of ZEB2, a transcription factor involved in stem cell plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and of antiapototic factors pCRAF and pASK1. ZEB2 overexpression upregulated pCRAF/pASK1 levels resulting in increased chemoresistance, enrichment of cells with stemness/EMT traits and proliferative slowdown of tumor xenografts. In parallel, chemotherapy treatment of tumor xenografts induced the prevalence of QCSCs with a stemness/EMT phenotype and activation of the ZEB2/pCRAF/pASK1 axis, resulting in a chemotherapy-unresponsive state. In CRC patients, increased ZEB2 levels correlated with worse relapse-free survival and were strongly associated to the consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) characterized by dismal prognosis, decreased proliferative rates and upregulation of EMT genes. Conclusions These results show that chemotherapy-naive tumors contain a cell population characterized by a coordinated program of chemoresistance, quiescence, stemness and EMT. Such population becomes prevalent upon drug treatment and is responsible for chemotherapy resistance, thus representing a key target for more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Francescangeli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Contavalli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Careccia
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Longin Haas
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Salaris
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Baiocchi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Tcheremenskaia
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pagliuca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Guardiola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR,Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR,Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Colace
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciardi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, via Lancisi 2, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo La Torre
- Surgical Sciences and Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - JanPaul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Jin L, Chun J, Pan C, Alesi GN, Li D, Magliocca KR, Kang Y, Chen ZG, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Fan J, Kang S. Phosphorylation-mediated activation of LDHA promotes cancer cell invasion and tumour metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:3797-3806. [PMID: 28218905 PMCID: PMC5501759 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastases remain the major cause of death from cancer. Recent molecular advances have highlighted the importance of metabolic alterations in cancer cells, including the Warburg effect that describes an increased glycolysis in cancer cells. However, how this altered metabolism contributes to tumour metastasis remains elusive. Here, we report that phosphorylation-induced activation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, promotes cancer cell invasion, anoikis resistance and tumour metastasis. We demonstrate that LDHA is phosphorylated at tyrosine 10 by upstream kinases, HER2 and Src. Targeting HER2 or Src attenuated LDH activity as well as invasive potential in head and neck cancer and breast cancer cells. Inhibition of LDH activity by small hairpin ribonucleic acid or expression of phospho-deficient LDHA Y10F sensitized the cancer cells to anoikis induction and resulted in attenuated cell invasion and elevated reactive oxygen species, whereas such phenotypes were reversed by its product lactate or antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that Y10 phosphorylation-mediated LDHA activity promotes cancer cell invasion and anoikis resistance through redox homeostasis. In addition, LDHA knockdown or LDHA Y10F rescue expression in human cancer cells resulted in decreased tumour metastasis in xenograft mice. Furthermore, LDHA phosphorylation at Y10 positively correlated with progression of metastatic breast cancer in clinical patient tumour samples. Our findings demonstrate that LDHA phosphorylation and activation provide pro-invasive, anti-anoikis and pro-metastatic advantages to cancer cells, suggesting that Y10 phosphorylation of LDHA may represent a promising therapeutic target and a prognostic marker for metastatic human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Chun
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Pan
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - GN Alesi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - KR Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - ZG Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - DM Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - FR Khuri
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Fan
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Nishida T, Hattori K, Watanabe K. The regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the ASK family. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:2-22. [PMID: 28669716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was identified as a MAP3K that activates the JNK and p38 pathways, and subsequent studies have reported ASK2 and ASK3 as members of the ASK family. The ASK family is activated by various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, including oxidative stress, ER stress and osmotic stress. Numerous lines of evidence have revealed that members of the ASK family are critical for signal transduction systems to control a wide range of stress responses such as cell death, differentiation and cytokine induction. In this review, we focus on the precise signaling mechanisms of the ASK family in response to diverse stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nishida
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Pleinis JM, Davis CW, Cantrell CB, Qiu DY, Zhan X. Purification, auto-activation and kinetic characterization of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase I. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 132:34-43. [PMID: 28082061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase I (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) that activates the downstream MAP kinase kinases (MKKs) from two MAP kinase cascades: c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. The essential physiological functions of ASK1 have attracted extensive attention. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ASK1, including the activation mechanism of ASK1 and the catalytic mechanism of ASK1-mediated MKK phosphorylation, remain unclear. The lack of purified ASK1 protein has hindered the elucidation of ASK1-initiated signal transduction mechanisms. Here, we report a one-step chromatography method for the expression and purification of functional full-length ASK1 from Escherichia coli. The purified ASK1 demonstrates auto-phosphorylation activity. The kinase activity of auto-phosphorylated ASK1 (pASK1) was also evaluated on two MKK substrates, MKK4 and 7, from the JNK cascades. Our results show that MKK7 can be phosphorylated by pASK1 more effectively than MKK4. The steady-state kinetic analysis demonstrates that MKK7 is a better ASK1 substrate than MKK4. These observations are further confirmed by direct pull-down assays which shows ASK1 binds MKK7 significantly stronger than MKK4. Furthermore, robust phospho-tyrosine signal is observed in MKK4 phosphorylation by pASK1 in addition to the phospho-serine and phospho-threonine. This study provides novel mechanistic and kinetic insights into the ASK1-initiated MAPK signal transduction via highly controlled reconstructed protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pleinis
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - Cameron W Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - Caleb B Cantrell
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - David Y Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
| | - Xuanzhi Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA.
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18
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Alesi GN, Jin L, Li D, Magliocca KR, Kang Y, Chen ZG, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Kang S. RSK2 signals through stathmin to promote microtubule dynamics and tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5412-5421. [PMID: 27041561 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for >90% of cancer-related deaths. Complex signaling in cancer cells orchestrates the progression from a primary to a metastatic cancer. However, the mechanisms of these cellular changes remain elusive. We previously demonstrated that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) promotes tumor metastasis. Here we investigated the role of RSK2 in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and its potential implication in cancer cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Stable knockdown of RSK2 disrupted microtubule stability and decreased phosphorylation of stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing protein, at serine 16 in metastatic human cancer cells. We found that RSK2 directly binds and phosphorylates stathmin at the leading edge of cancer cells. Phosphorylation of stathmin by RSK2 reduced stathmin-mediated microtubule depolymerization. Moreover, overexpression of phospho-mimetic mutant stathmin S16D significantly rescued the decreased invasive and metastatic potential mediated by RSK2 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, stathmin phosphorylation positively correlated with RSK2 expression and metastatic cancer progression in primary patient tumor samples. Our finding demonstrates that RSK2 directly phosphorylates stathmin and regulates microtubule polymerization to provide a pro-invasive and pro-metastatic advantage to cancer cells. Therefore, the RSK2-stathmin pathway represents a promising therapeutic target and a prognostic marker for metastatic human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Alesi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Jin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Z G Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F R Khuri
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Jin L, Li D, Alesi GN, Fan J, Kang HB, Lu Z, Boggon TJ, Jin P, Yi H, Wright ER, Duong D, Seyfried NT, Egnatchik R, DeBerardinis RJ, Magliocca KR, He C, Arellano ML, Khoury HJ, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Kang S. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 signals through antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 to regulate redox homeostasis and tumor growth. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:257-70. [PMID: 25670081 PMCID: PMC4325424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How mitochondrial glutaminolysis contributes to redox homeostasis in cancer cells remains unclear. Here we report that the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) is commonly upregulated in human cancers. GDH1 is important for redox homeostasis in cancer cells by controlling the intracellular levels of its product alpha-ketoglutarate and subsequent metabolite fumarate. Mechanistically, fumarate binds to and activates a reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1. Targeting GDH1 by shRNA or a small molecule inhibitor R162 resulted in imbalanced redox homeostasis, leading to attenuated cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtao Jin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gina N Alesi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jun Fan
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hong Yi
- Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Martha L Arellano
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanna J Khoury
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms possess huge numbers of uncharacterized enzymes. Selective inhibitors offer powerful probes for assigning functions to enzymes in native biological systems. Here, we discuss how the chemical proteomic platform activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) can be implemented to discover selective and in vivo-active inhibitors for enzymes. We further describe how these inhibitors have been used to delineate the biochemical and cellular functions of enzymes, leading to the discovery of metabolic and signaling pathways that make important contributions to human physiology and disease. These studies demonstrate the value of selective chemical probes as drivers of biological inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J Niphakis
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037;
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21
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Tumor suppressor gene ING3 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of AMPK and activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Gaston D, Hansford S, Oliveira C, Nightingale M, Pinheiro H, Macgillivray C, Kaurah P, Rideout AL, Steele P, Soares G, Huang WY, Whitehouse S, Blowers S, LeBlanc MA, Jiang H, Greer W, Samuels ME, Orr A, Fernandez CV, Majewski J, Ludman M, Dyack S, Penney LS, McMaster CR, Huntsman D, Bedard K. Germline mutations in MAP3K6 are associated with familial gastric cancer. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004669. [PMID: 25340522 PMCID: PMC4207611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While heritable forms of gastric cancer are relatively rare, identifying the genes responsible for such cases can inform diagnosis and treatment for both hereditary and sporadic cases of gastric cancer. Mutations in the E-cadherin gene, CDH1, account for 40% of the most common form of familial gastric cancer (FGC), hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). The genes responsible for the remaining forms of FGC are currently unknown. Here we examined a large family from Maritime Canada with FGC without CDH1 mutations, and identified a germline coding variant (p.P946L) in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6 (MAP3K6). Based on conservation, predicted pathogenicity and a known role of the gene in cancer predisposition, MAP3K6 was considered a strong candidate and was investigated further. Screening of an additional 115 unrelated individuals with non-CDH1 FGC identified the p.P946L MAP3K6 variant, as well as four additional coding variants in MAP3K6 (p.F849Sfs*142, p.P958T, p.D200Y and p.V207G). A somatic second-hit variant (p.H506Y) was present in DNA obtained from one of the tumor specimens, and evidence of DNA hypermethylation within the MAP3K6 gene was observed in DNA from the tumor of another affected individual. These findings, together with previous evidence from mouse models that MAP3K6 acts as a tumor suppressor, and studies showing the presence of somatic mutations in MAP3K6 in non-hereditary gastric cancers and gastric cancer cell lines, point towards MAP3K6 variants as a predisposing factor for FGC. The underlying genetic mutations involved in 60% of inherited gastric cancer cases remain unknown. Here we present a large, extended pedigree with familial gastric cancer and an association in part of the family with a mutation in MAP3K6. The conservation, predicted pathogenicity of the variant, tissue distribution, and known function of MAP3K6 made this a strong candidate that warranted further investigation. Examination of an additional 115 unrelated probands identified additional mutations in MAP3K6, including a truncating mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaston
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samantha Hansford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto & Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mathew Nightingale
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hugo Pinheiro
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto & Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Christine Macgillivray
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Pardeep Kaurah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Steele
- Medical Genetics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Center of Medical Genetics Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Weei-Yuarn Huang
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Center and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Scott Whitehouse
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarah Blowers
- Queen's Family Health Team, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marissa A. LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenda Greer
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark E. Samuels
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew Orr
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Conrad V. Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Ludman
- Medical Genetics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Oncogenetics Service, Institute of Medical Genetics, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Sarah Dyack
- Medical Genetics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lynette S. Penney
- Medical Genetics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - David Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Bedard
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yu G, Lee YC, Cheng CJ, Wu CF, Song JH, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Kuang J, Lin SH. RSK promotes prostate cancer progression in bone through ING3, CKAP2, and PTK6-mediated cell survival. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:348-57. [PMID: 25189355 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0384-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer has a proclivity to metastasize to bone. The mechanism by which prostate cancer cells are able to survive and progress in the bone microenvironment is not clear. Identification of molecules that play critical roles in the progression of prostate cancer in bone will provide essential targets for therapy. Ribosomal S6 protein kinases (RSK) have been shown to mediate many cellular functions critical for cancer progression. Whether RSK plays a role in the progression of prostate cancer in bone is unknown. IHC analysis of human prostate cancer specimens showed increased phosphorylation of RSK in the nucleus of prostate cancer cells in a significant fraction of human prostate cancer bone metastasis specimens, compared with the primary site or lymph node metastasis. Expression of constitutively active myristylated RSK in C4-2B4 cells (C4-2B4/RSK) increased their survival and anchorage-independent growth compared with C4-2B4/vector cells. Using an orthotopic bone injection model, it was determined that injecting C4-2B4/RSK cells into mouse femurs enhanced their progression in bone compared with control cells. In PC3-mm2 cells, knockdown of RSK1 (RPS6KA1), the predominant RSK isoform, but not RSK2 (RPS6KA2) alone, decreased anchorage-independent growth in vitro and reduced tumor progression in bone and tumor-induced bone remodeling in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that RSK regulates anchorage-independent growth through transcriptional regulation of factors that modulate cell survival, including ING3, CKAP2, and PTK6. Together, these data provide strong evidence that RSK is an important driver in prostate cancer progression in bone. IMPLICATIONS RSK, an important driver in prostate cancer progression in bone, has promising potential as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chien-Jui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian H Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Buchheit CL, Weigel KJ, Schafer ZT. Cancer cell survival during detachment from the ECM: multiple barriers to tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:632-41. [PMID: 25098270 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells require attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) for survival. However, during tumour progression and metastasis, cancerous epithelial cells must adapt to and survive in the absence of ECM. During the past 20 years, several cellular changes, including anoikis, have been shown to regulate cell viability when cells become detached from the ECM. In this Opinion article, we review in detail how cancer cells can overcome or take advantage of these specific processes. Gaining a better understanding of how cancer cells survive during detachment from the ECM will be instrumental in designing chemotherapeutic strategies that aim to eliminate ECM-detached metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Buchheit
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. [2]
| | - Kelsey J Weigel
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. [2]
| | - Zachary T Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Phosphorylation of RSK2 at Tyr529 by FGFR2-p38 enhances human mammary epithelial cells migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2461-70. [PMID: 25014166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The members of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of Ser/Thr kinases are downstream effectors of MAPK/ERK pathway that regulate diverse cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation and survival. In carcinogenesis, RSKs are thought to modulate cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Herein, we have studied an involvement of RSKs in FGF2/FGFR2-driven behaviours of mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. We found that both silencing and inhibiting of FGFR2 attenuated phosphorylation of RSKs, whereas FGFR2 overexpression and/or its stimulation with FGF2 enhanced RSKs activity. Moreover, treatment with ERK, Src and p38 inhibitors revealed that p38 kinase acts as an upstream RSK2 regulator. We demonstrate for the first time that in FGF2/FGFR2 signalling, p38 but not MEK/ERK, indirectly activated RSK2 at Tyr529, which facilitated phosphorylation of its other residues (Thr359/Ser363, Thr573 and Ser380). In contrast to FGF2-triggered signalling, inhibition of p38 in the EGF pathway affected only RSK2-Tyr529, without any impact on the remaining RSK phosphorylation sites. p38-mediated phosphorylation of RSK2-Tyr529 was crucial for the transactivation of residues located at kinase C-terminal domain and linker-region, specifically, in the FGF2/FGFR2 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we show that FGF2 promoted anchorage-independent cell proliferation, formation of focal adhesions and cell migration, which was effectively abolished by treatment with RSKs inhibitor (FMK). These indicate that RSK2 activity is indispensable for FGF2/FGFR2-mediated cellular effects. Our findings identified a new FGF2/FGFR2-p38-RSK2 pathway, which may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer and, hence, may present a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of FGFR2-expressing tumours.
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Keep-ING balance: tumor suppression by epigenetic regulation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2728-42. [PMID: 24632289 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells accumulate genetic and epigenetic changes that alter gene expression to drive tumorigenesis. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor, cell cycle, differentiation and DNA repair genes contributes to neoplastic transformation. The ING (inhibitor of growth) proteins (ING1-ING5) have emerged as a versatile family of growth regulators, phospholipid effectors, histone mark sensors and core components of HDAC1/2 - and several HAT chromatin-modifying complexes. This review will describe the characteristic pathways by which ING family proteins differentially affect the Hallmarks of Cancer and highlight the various epigenetic mechanisms by which they regulate gene expression. Finally, we will discuss their potentials as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in epigenetic treatment strategies.
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