1
|
Zacarias O, Clement CC, Cheng SY, Rosas M, Gonzalez C, Peter M, Coopman P, Champeil E. Mitomycin C and its analog trigger cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and K562 cancer cells through the regulation of RAS and MAPK/ERK pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111007. [PMID: 38642817 PMCID: PMC11102841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC) is an anti-cancer drug which functions by forming interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) between opposing DNA strands. MC analog, 10-decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC), unlike MC, has stronger cytotoxic effects on cancer cells with TP53 mutation. We previously demonstrated that MC/DMC could activate p21WAF1/CIP1 in MCF-7 (TP53-proficient) and K562 (TP53 deficient) cells in a TP53-independent mode. We also found that MC/DMC regulate AKT activation in a TP53-dependent manner and that AKT deactivation is not associated with the activation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in response to MC/DMC treatment. RAS proteins are known players in the upstream mediated signaling of p21WAF1/CIP1 activation that leads to control of cell proliferation and cell death. Thus, this prompted us to investigate the effect of both drugs on the expression of RAS proteins and regulation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in MCF-7 and K562 cancer cells. To accomplish this goal, we performed comparative label free proteomics profiling coupled to bioinformatics/complementary phosphoprotein arrays and Western blot validations of key signaling molecules. The MAPK/ERK pathway exhibited an overall downregulation upon MC/DMC treatment in MCF-7 cells but only DMC exhibited a mild downregulation of that same pathway in TP53 mutant K562 cells. Furthermore, treatment of MCF-7 and K562 cell lines with oligonucleotides containing the interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by MC or DMC shows that both ICLs had a stronger effect on the downregulation of RAS protein expression in mutant TP53 K562 cells. We discuss the implication of this regulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in relation to cellular TP53 status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen Zacarias
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Cristina C Clement
- Radiation Oncology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Melissa Rosas
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Christina Gonzalez
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Marion Peter
- IRCM, University Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, Cédex 5, France
| | - Peter Coopman
- IRCM, University Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, Cédex 5, France
| | - Elise Champeil
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Csergeová L, Krbušek D, Janoštiak R. CIP/KIP and INK4 families as hostages of oncogenic signaling. Cell Div 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38561743 PMCID: PMC10985988 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CIP/KIP and INK4 families of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are well-established cell cycle regulatory proteins whose canonical function is binding to Cyclin-CDK complexes and altering their function. Initial experiments showed that these proteins negatively regulate cell cycle progression and thus are tumor suppressors in the context of molecular oncology. However, expanded research into the functions of these proteins showed that most of them have non-canonical functions, both cell cycle-dependent and independent, and can even act as tumor enhancers depending on their posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and cell state context. This review aims to provide an overview of canonical as well as non-canonical functions of CIP/KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, discuss the potential avenues to promote their tumor suppressor functions instead of tumor enhancing ones, and how they could be utilized to design improved treatment regimens for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csergeová
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Krbušek
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manousakis E, Miralles CM, Esquerda MG, Wright RHG. CDKN1A/p21 in Breast Cancer: Part of the Problem, or Part of the Solution? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17488. [PMID: 38139316 PMCID: PMC10743848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cip1/Waf1/CDKN1A/p21) is a well-established protein, primarily recognised for its pivotal role in the cell cycle, where it induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Over the years, extensive research has shed light on various additional mechanisms involving CDKN1A/p21, implicating it in processes such as apoptosis, DNA damage response (DDR), and the regulation of stem cell fate. Interestingly, p21 can function either as an oncogene or as a tumour suppressor in these contexts. Complicating matters further, the expression of CDKN1A/p21 is elevated in certain tumour types while downregulated in others. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of CDKN1A/p21, present clinical data pertaining to cancer patients, and delve into potential strategies for targeting CDKN1A/p21 as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Manipulating CDKN1A/p21 shows great promise for therapy given its involvement in multiple cancer hallmarks, such as sustained cell proliferation, the renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, and resistance to chemotherapy. Given the dual role of CDKN1A/p21 in these processes, a more in-depth understanding of its specific mechanisms of action and its regulatory network is imperative to establishing successful therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roni H. G. Wright
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lataster L, Huber HM, Böttcher C, Föller S, Takors R, Radziwill G. Cell Cycle Control by Optogenetically Regulated Cell Cycle Inhibitor Protein p21. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1194. [PMID: 37759593 PMCID: PMC10525493 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The progression through the cell cycle phases is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins as their regulatory subunits. As nuclear protein, the cell cycle inhibitor p21/CDKN1A arrests the cell cycle at the growth phase G1 by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. The G1 phase correlates with increased cell size and cellular productivity. Here, we applied an optogenetic approach to control the subcellular localization of p21 and its nuclear functions. To generate light-controllable p21, appropriate fusions with the blue light switch cryptochrome 2/CIBN and the AsLOV-based light-inducible nuclear localization signal, LINuS, were used. Both systems, p21-CRY2/CIB1 and p21-LINuS, increased the amounts of cells arrested in the G1 phase correlating with the increased cell-specific productivity of the reporter-protein-secreted alkaline phosphatase. Varying the intervals of blue LED light exposure and the light dose enable the fine-tuning of the systems. Light-controllable p21 implemented in producer cell lines could be applied to steer the uncoupling of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase optimizing the production of biotherapeutic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levin Lataster
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (L.L.)
| | - Hanna Mereth Huber
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (L.L.)
| | - Christina Böttcher
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (L.L.)
| | - Stefanie Föller
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Gerald Radziwill
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; (L.L.)
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Govatati S, Pichavaram P, Kumar R, Rao GN. Blockade of CD47 function attenuates restenosis by promoting smooth muscle cell efferocytosis and inhibiting their migration and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104594. [PMID: 36898577 PMCID: PMC10124914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including atherosclerosis, but its role in neointimal hyperplasia which contributes to restenosis, has not been studied. Using molecular approaches in combination with a mouse vascular endothelial denudation model, we studied the role of CD47 in injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. We determined that thrombin induced CD47 expression both in human and mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs and MASMCs). In exploring the mechanisms, we found that the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-Gα protein q/11 (Gαq/11)-phospholipase Cβ3 (PLCβ3)-nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) signaling axis regulates thrombin-induced CD47 expression in HASMCs. Depletion of CD47 levels using its siRNA or interference of its function by its blocking antibody (bAb) blunted thrombin-induced migration and proliferation of HASMCs and MASMCs. In addition, we found that thrombin-induced HASMC migration requires CD47 interaction with integrin β3. On the other hand, thrombin-induced HASMC proliferation was dependent on CD47's role in nuclear export and degradation of CDK-interacting protein 1 (p21Cip1). In addition, suppression of CD47 function by its bAb rescued HASMC efferocytosis from inhibition by thrombin. We also found that vascular injury induces CD47 expression in intimal SMCs and that inhibition of CD47 function by its bAb, while alleviating injury-induced inhibition of SMC efferocytosis, attenuated SMC migration and proliferation resulting in reduced neointima formation. Thus, these findings reveal a pathological role for CD47 in neointimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Govatati
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Swadling JB, Warnecke T, Morris KL, Barr AR. Conserved Cdk inhibitors show unique structural responses to tyrosine phosphorylation. Biophys J 2022; 121:2312-2329. [PMID: 35614852 PMCID: PMC9279356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced proliferation-quiescence decisions are vital during normal development and in tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation underlies tumorigenesis. Entry into proliferative cycles is driven by Cyclin/Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Conserved Cdk inhibitors (CKIs) p21Cip1/Waf1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2 bind to Cyclin/Cdks and inhibit Cdk activity. p27 tyrosine phosphorylation, in response to mitogenic signaling, promotes activation of CyclinD/Cdk4 and CyclinA/Cdk2. Tyrosine phosphorylation is conserved in p21 and p57, although the number of sites differs. We use molecular-dynamics simulations to compare the structural changes in Cyclin/Cdk/CKI trimers induced by single and multiple tyrosine phosphorylation in CKIs and their impact on CyclinD/Cdk4 and CyclinA/Cdk2 activity. Despite shared structural features, CKI binding induces distinct structural responses in Cyclin/Cdks and the predicted effects of CKI tyrosine phosphorylation on Cdk activity are not conserved across CKIs. Our analyses suggest how CKIs may have evolved to be sensitive to different inputs to give context-dependent control of Cdk activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Swadling
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tobias Warnecke
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle L Morris
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Binlateh T, Reudhabibadh R, Prommeenate P, Hutamekalin P. Investigation of mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of metformin against proliferation and growth of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Coulonval K, Vercruysse V, Paternot S, Pita JM, Corman R, Raspé E, Roger PP. Monoclonal antibodies to activated CDK4: use to investigate normal and cancerous cell cycle regulation and involvement of phosphorylations of p21 and p27. Cell Cycle 2021; 21:12-32. [PMID: 34913830 PMCID: PMC8837260 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1984663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a master integrator that couples mitogenic/oncogenic signaling with the cell division cycle. It is deregulated in most cancers and inhibitors of CDK4 have become standard of care drugs for metastatic estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers and are being evaluated in a variety of other cancers. We previously characterized the T-loop phosphorylation at T172 of CDK4 as the highly regulated step that determines the activity of cyclin D-CDK4 complexes. Moreover we demonstrated that the highly variable detection of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 signals the presence or absence of the active CDK4 targeted by the CDK4/6 inhibitory drugs, which predicts the tumor cell sensitivity to these drugs including palbociclib. To date, the phosphorylation of CDK4 has been very poorly studied because only few biochemical techniques and reagents are available for it. In addition, the available ones including 2D-IEF separation of CDK4 modified forms are considered too tedious. The present report describes the generation, selection and characterization of the first monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the active CDK4 phosphorylated on its T172 residue. One key to this success was the immunization with a long phosphopeptide corresponding to the complete activation segment of CDK4. These monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize T172-phosphorylated CDK4 in a variety of assays, including western blotting, immunoprecipitation and, as a capture antibody, a sensitive ELISA from cell lysates. The specific immunoprecipitation of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 allowed to clarify the involvement of phosphorylations of co-immunoprecipitated p21 and p27, showing a privileged interaction of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 with S130-phosphorylated p21 and S10-phosphorylated p27.
Abbreviations:
2D: two-dimensional; CAK: CDK-activating kinase; CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase; HAT: Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine; FBS: fetal bovine serum; IP: immunoprecipitation; ID: immunodetection; mAb: monoclonal antibody; PAGE: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: phosphate buffer saline; pRb: retinoblastoma susceptibility protein; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; DTT: dithiotreitol; TET: tetracyclin repressor; Avi: Avi tag; TEV: tobacco etch virus cleavage site; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; BirA: bifunctional protein biotin ligase BirA; IRES: internal ribosome entry site; HIS: poly-HIS purification tag; DELFIA: dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay; 3-MBPP1: 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3[(3-methylphenyl) methyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4-amine; BSA: bovine serum albumin; ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Coulonval
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vercruysse
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Paternot
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Corman
- Kaneka Eurogentec, Liège Science Park, Seraing, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P Roger
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
TRIM27 Functions as a Novel Oncogene in Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Blocking Cellular Senescence through p21 Ubiquitination. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:910-923. [PMID: 33251042 PMCID: PMC7666371 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to explore the correlation between TRIM27 and breast cancer prognosis, as well as the functions of TRIM27 in breast cancer and their underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatics analyses were used to examine the correlation between TRIM27 and breast cancer prognosis. Moreover, TRIM27 knockdown and overexpression in breast cancer cells were performed to investigate its functions in breast cancer. Tamoxifen (TAM) was applied to evaluate the influence of TRIM27 on chemoresistance of breast cancer cells, while co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) was performed to identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase capability of TRIM27. High expression of TRIM27 was found in non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) tumor tissues and was positively correlated with the mortality of non-TNBC patients. Moreover, TRIM27 could suppress non-TNBC cell apoptosis and senescence, promote cell viability and tumor growth, counteract the anti-cancer effects of TAM, and mediate ubiquitination of p21. In addition, EP300 could enhance the expression of TRIM27 and its transcription promoter H3K27ac. TRIM27, through ubiquitination of p21, might serve as a prognostic biomarker for non-TNBC prognosis. TRIM27 functions as a novel oncogene in non-TNBC cellular processes, especially suppressing cell senescence and interfering with non-TNBC chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
10
|
ERK signalling: a master regulator of cell behaviour, life and fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:607-632. [PMID: 32576977 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely channelled by the small RAS GTPases. By phosphorylating widely diverse substrates, ERK proteins govern a variety of evolutionarily conserved cellular processes in metazoans, the dysregulation of which contributes to the cause of distinct human diseases. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of ERK1 and ERK2, their mode of action and their impact on the development and homeostasis of various organisms have been the focus of much attention for nearly three decades. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of this important class of kinases. We begin with a brief overview of the structure, regulation, substrate recognition and subcellular localization of ERK1 and ERK2. We then systematically discuss how ERK signalling regulates six fundamental cellular processes in response to extracellular cues. These processes are cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell metabolism, cell migration and cell differentiation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Nedvetsky P, Stanchi F, Vion AC, Popp O, Zühlke K, Dittmar G, Klussmann E, Gerhardt H. Endothelial PKA activity regulates angiogenesis by limiting autophagy through phosphorylation of ATG16L1. eLife 2019; 8:e46380. [PMID: 31580256 PMCID: PMC6797479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) regulates various cellular functions in health and disease. In endothelial cells PKA activity promotes vessel maturation and limits tip cell formation. Here, we used a chemical genetic screen to identify endothelial-specific direct substrates of PKA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that may mediate these effects. Amongst several candidates, we identified ATG16L1, a regulator of autophagy, as novel target of PKA. Biochemical validation, mass spectrometry and peptide spot arrays revealed that PKA phosphorylates ATG16L1α at Ser268 and ATG16L1β at Ser269, driving phosphorylation-dependent degradation of ATG16L1 protein. Reducing PKA activity increased ATG16L1 protein levels and endothelial autophagy. Mouse in vivo genetics and pharmacological experiments demonstrated that autophagy inhibition partially rescues vascular hypersprouting caused by PKA deficiency. Together these results indicate that endothelial PKA activity mediates a critical switch from active sprouting to quiescence in part through phosphorylation of ATG16L1, which in turn reduces endothelial autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Zhao
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Pavel Nedvetsky
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Medical Cell Biology, Medical Clinic DUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Fabio Stanchi
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anne-Clemence Vion
- Integrative Vascular Biology LabMax-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
- INSERM UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research CenterParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance
| | - Oliver Popp
- ProteomicsMax-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Kerstin Zühlke
- Anchored Signaling LabMax-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- ProteomicsMax-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
- CRP Santé · Department of OncologyLIH Luxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Anchored Signaling LabMax-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)BerlinGermany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Integrative Vascular Biology LabMax-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)BerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fusarubin and Anhydrofusarubin Isolated from A Cladosporium Species Inhibit Cell Growth in Human Cancer Cell Lines. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090503. [PMID: 31470629 PMCID: PMC6784112 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium species are endophytic fungi that grow on organic matter and are considered food contaminants. The anti-microbial and anti-tumor naphthoquinones fusarubin (FUS) and anhydrofusarubin (AFU) were isolated using column chromatography from a Cladosporium species residing inside Rauwolfia leaves. The impact of FUS and AFU on cell growth was assessed in acute myeloid leukemia (OCI-AML3) and other hematologic tumor cell lines (HL-60, U937, and Jurkat). Treatment with FUS or AFU reduced the number of OCI-AML3 cells as evaluated by a hemocytometer. Flow cytometry analyses showed that this effect was accompanied by diverse impairments in cell cycle progression. Specifically, FUS (20 or 10 μg/mL significantly decreased the percentage of cells in S phase and increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase, whereas AFU increased the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase (50 and 25 μg/mL) and decreased the percentage of cells in S (50 μg/mL) and G2/M (50 and 25 μg/mL) phases. Both substances significantly increased apoptosis at higher concentrations. The effects of FUS were more potent than those of AFU, with FUS up-regulating p21 expression in a p53-dependent manner, as detected by Western blot analyses, likely the consequence of decreased ERK phosphorylation and increased p38 expression (both of which increase p21 stability). FUS also decreased Akt phosphorylation and resulted in increased Fas ligand production and caspase-8/3-dependent apoptosis. These results suggest that FUS and AFU inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis in cell lines derived from hematological cancers.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alleboina S, Ayalew D, Peravali R, Chen L, Wong T, Dokun AO. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 regulates perfusion recovery in experimental peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 2019; 24:395-404. [PMID: 31451089 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x19866254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerotic occlusions of vessels outside the heart, particularly those of the lower extremities. Angiogenesis is one critical physiological response to vessel occlusion in PAD, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis is incomplete. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) has been shown to play a key role in embryonic vascular development, but its role in post-ischemic angiogenesis is not known. We induced hind limb ischemia in mice and found robust upregulation of Dusp5 expression in ischemic hind limbs. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of Dusp5 resulted in impaired perfusion recovery in ischemic limbs and was associated with increased limb necrosis. In vitro studies showed upregulation of DUSP5 in human endothelial cells exposed to ischemia, and knockdown of DUSP5 in these ischemic endothelial cells resulted in impaired endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but did not alter apoptosis. Finally, we show that these effects of DUSP5 on post-ischemic angiogenesis are a result of DUSP5-dependent decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and p21 protein expression. Thus, we have identified a role of DUSP5 in post-ischemic angiogenesis and implicated a DUSP5-ERK-p21 pathway that may serve as a therapeutic target for the modulation of post-ischemic angiogenesis in PAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Alleboina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Health Sciences Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dawit Ayalew
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rahul Peravali
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Health Sciences Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lingdan Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Carver School of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Carver School of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kreis NN, Louwen F, Yuan J. The Multifaceted p21 (Cip1/Waf1/ CDKN1A) in Cell Differentiation, Migration and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091220. [PMID: 31438587 PMCID: PMC6770903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell cycle control is characteristic of tumorigenesis. The protein p21 is the founding member of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and an important versatile cell cycle protein. p21 is transcriptionally controlled by p53 and p53-independent pathways. Its expression is increased in response to various intra- and extracellular stimuli to arrest the cell cycle ensuring genomic stability. Apart from its roles in cell cycle regulation including mitosis, p21 is involved in differentiation, cell migration, cytoskeletal dynamics, apoptosis, transcription, DNA repair, reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells, autophagy and the onset of senescence. p21 acts either as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene depending largely on the cellular context, its subcellular localization and posttranslational modifications. In the present review, we briefly mention the general functions of p21 and summarize its roles in differentiation, migration and invasion in detail. Finally, regarding its dual role as tumor suppressor and oncogene, we highlight the potential, difficulties and risks of using p21 as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Christowitz C, Davis T, Isaacs A, van Niekerk G, Hattingh S, Engelbrecht AM. Mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced drug resistance and drug resistant tumour growth in a murine breast tumour model. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:757. [PMID: 31370818 PMCID: PMC6670209 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is currently the most effective chemotherapeutic drug used to treat breast cancer. It has, however, been shown that doxorubicin can induce drug resistance resulting in poor patient prognosis and survival. Studies reported that the interaction between signalling pathways can promote drug resistance through the induction of proliferation, cell cycle progression and prevention of apoptosis. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effects of doxorubicin on apoptosis signalling, autophagy, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway, cell cycle control, and regulators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in murine breast cancer tumours. METHODS A tumour-bearing mouse model was established by injecting murine E0771 breast cancer cells, suspended in Hank's Balances Salt Solution and Corning® Matrigel® Basement Membrane Matrix, into female C57BL/6 mice. Fourty-seven mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely tumour control (received Hank's Balances Salt Solution), low dose doxorubicin (received total of 6 mg/ml doxorubicin) and high dose doxorubicin (received total of 15 mg/ml doxorubicin) groups. A higher tumour growth rate was, however, observed in doxorubicin-treated mice compared to the untreated controls. We therefore compared the expression levels of markers involved in cell death and survival signalling pathways, by means of western blotting and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Doxorubicin failed to induce cell death, by means of apoptosis or autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, indicating the occurrence of drug resistance and uncontrolled proliferation. Activation of the MAPK/ extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway contributed to the resistance observed in treated mice, while no significant changes were found with the PI3K/Akt pathway and other MAPK pathways. Significant changes were also observed in cell cycle p21 and DNA replication minichromosome maintenance 2 proteins. No significant changes in EMT markers were observed after doxorubicin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that doxorubicin-induced drug resistance and tumour growth can occur through the adaptive role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in an effort to protect tumour cells. Previous studies have shown that the efficacy of doxorubicin can be improved by inhibition of the ERK signalling pathway and thereby treatment failure can be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Christowitz
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, African Cancer Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Tanja Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Ashwin Isaacs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Suzel Hattingh
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maik-Rachline G, Hacohen-Lev-Ran A, Seger R. Nuclear ERK: Mechanism of Translocation, Substrates, and Role in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051194. [PMID: 30857244 PMCID: PMC6429060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK) are central signaling components that regulate stimulated cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. When dysregulated, these kinases participate in the induction and maintenance of various pathologies, primarily cancer. While ERK is localized in the cytoplasm of resting cells, many of its substrates are nuclear, and indeed, extracellular stimulation induces a rapid and robust nuclear translocation of ERK. Similarly to other signaling components that shuttle to the nucleus upon stimulation, ERK does not use the canonical importinα/β mechanism of nuclear translocation. Rather, it has its own unique nuclear translocation signal (NTS) that interacts with importin7 to allow stimulated shuttling via the nuclear pores. Prevention of the nuclear translocation inhibits proliferation of B-Raf- and N/K-Ras-transformed cancers. This effect is distinct from the one achieved by catalytic Raf and MEK inhibitors used clinically, as cells treated with the translocation inhibitors develop resistance much more slowly. In this review, we describe the mechanism of ERK translocation, present all its nuclear substrates, discuss its role in cancer and compare its translocation to the translocation of other signaling components. We also present proof of principle data for the use of nuclear ERK translocation as an anti-cancer target. It is likely that the prevention of nuclear ERK translocation will eventually serve as a way to combat Ras and Raf transformed cancers with less side-effects than the currently used drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galia Maik-Rachline
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Avital Hacohen-Lev-Ran
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen T, Huang H, Zhou Y, Geng L, Shen T, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. HJURP promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by destabilizing p21 via the MAPK/ERK1/2 and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:193. [PMID: 30111352 PMCID: PMC6094877 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) has been implicated in many cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism by which HJURP promotes HCC cell proliferation remains unclear. METHODS RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect HJURP expression in HCC and adjacent tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. The localization of p21 were determined by immunofluorescence and western blot. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blot were used to validate the p21 stability and signaling pathways affected by HJURP. The effects of HJURP on HCC cell proliferation were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. The ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor U0126 and AKT pathway agonist SC-79 were used to treat HCC cell lines for further mechanistic investigations. RESULTS HJURP expression was higher in HCC tissues than in para-tumor tissues. Moreover, ectopic HJURP expression facilitated the proliferation of HCC cells, whereas the depletion of HJURP resulted in decreased cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the effects of HJURP silencing were reversed by p21 knockdown. Likewise, p21 overexpression inhibited cell growth ability mediated by HJURP elevation. Mechanistically, HJURP destabilized p21 via the MAPK/ERK1/2 and AKT/GSK3β pathways, which regulated the nucleus-cytoplasm translocation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p21. Clinically, high HJURP expression was correlated with unfavorable prognoses in HCC individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that HJURP is an oncogene that drives cell cycle progression upstream of p21 in HCC. These findings may provide a potential therapeutic and prognostic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hechen Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Shen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adorisio S, Fierabracci A, Gigliarelli G, Muscari I, Cannarile L, Liberati AM, Marcotullio MC, Riccardi C, Curini M, Robles Zepeda RE, Delfino DV. The Hexane Fraction of Bursera microphylla A. Gray Induces p21-Mediated Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Cancer-Derived Cell Lines. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:138-147. [PMID: 29235378 PMCID: PMC5950952 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417696721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursera microphylla (BM), one of the common elephant trees, is widely distributed in the Sonoran Desert in Mexico. The Seri ethnic group in the Sonoran Desert uses BM as an anti-inflammatory and painkiller drug for the treatment of sore throat, herpes labialis, abscessed tooth, and wound healing. Dried stems and leaves of BM are used in a tea to relieve painful urination and to stimulate bronchial secretion. Furthermore, BM is used for fighting venereal diseases. To investigate the effects of the hexane fraction of resin methanol extract (BM-H) on cell growth, the acute myeloid cell line (OCI-AML3) was treated with 250, 25, or 2.5 µg/mL of BM-H. The first 2 concentrations were able to significantly decrease OCI-AML3 cell number. This reduced cell number was associated with decreased S-phase, blockade of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increased cell death. Similar results were obtained on all tested tumor cell lines of different origins. We found that blockade of the cell cycle was due to upregulation of p21 protein in a p53-independent way. Increase of p21 was possibly due to upstream upregulation of p-ERK (which stabilizes p21 protein) and downregulation of p-38 (which promotes its degradation). Regarding cell death, activation of caspase-3, but not of caspase-8 or -9, was detectable after BM-H treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that the BM's hexane fraction inhibited proliferation of cell lines mainly by a p21-dependent, p53-independent mechanism and promoted apoptosis through activation of caspase-3, but not caspase-8 or -9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Adorisio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infettivology and Clinical Trials Area,
Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gigliarelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Muscari
- Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni
Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia,
Italy
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Marina Liberati
- Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni
Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia,
Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Curini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Foligno Nursing School, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kreis NN, Friemel A, Zimmer B, Roth S, Rieger MA, Rolle U, Louwen F, Yuan J. Mitotic p21Cip1/CDKN1A is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50215-50228. [PMID: 27384476 PMCID: PMC5226578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional protein p21Cip1/CDKN1A (p21) is an important and universal Cdk-interacting protein. Recently, we have reported that p21 is involved in the regulation of the mitotic kinase Cdk1/cyclin B1 and critical for successful mitosis and cytokinesis. In the present work we show that S130 of p21 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cyclin B1 during mitosis, which reduces p21′s stability and binding affinity to Cdk1/cyclin B1. Interfering with this phosphorylation results in extended mitotic duration and defective chromosome segregation, indicating that this regulation ensures proper mitotic progression. Given that p53, the major transcriptional activator of p21, is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and that deregulated Cdk1 associates with the development of different types of cancer, this work provides new insight into the understanding of how deregulated p21 contributes to chromosomal instability and oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Zimmer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng J, Liu C, Liu L, Chen X, Shan J, Shen J, Zhu W, Qian C. MEK1 signaling promotes self-renewal and tumorigenicity of liver cancer stem cells via maintaining SIRT1 protein stabilization. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20597-611. [PMID: 26967560 PMCID: PMC4991478 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death. This high mortality has been commonly attributed to the presence of residual cancer stem cells (CSCs). Meanwhile, MEK1 signaling is regarded as a key molecular in HCC maintenance and development. However, nobody has figured out the particular mechanisms that how MEK1 signaling regulates liver CSCs self-renewal. In this study, we show that inhibition or depletion of MEK1 can significantly decrease liver CSCs self-renewal and tumor growth both in vitro and vivo conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MEK1 signaling promotes liver CSCs self-renewal and tumorigenicity by maintaining SIRT1 level. Mechanistically, MEK1 signaling keeps SIRT1 protein stabilization through activating SIRT1 ubiquitination, which inhibits proteasomal degradation. Clinical analysis shows that patients co-expression of MEK1 and SIRT1 are associated with poor survival. Our finding indicates that MEK1-SIRT1 can act as a novel diagnostic biomarker and inhibition of MEK1 may be a viable therapeutic option for targeting liver CSCs treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cheng
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saby C, Buache E, Brassart-Pasco S, El Btaouri H, Courageot MP, Van Gulick L, Garnotel R, Jeannesson P, Morjani H. Type I collagen aging impairs discoidin domain receptor 2-mediated tumor cell growth suppression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24908-27. [PMID: 27121132 PMCID: PMC5041879 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are confronted to a type I collagen rich environment which regulates cell proliferation and invasion. Biological aging has been associated with structural changes of type I collagen. Here, we address the effect of collagen aging on cell proliferation in a three-dimensional context (3D). We provide evidence for an inhibitory effect of adult collagen, but not of the old one, on proliferation of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. This effect involves both the activation of the tyrosine kinase Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. DDR2 and SHP-2 were less activated in old collagen. DDR2 inhibition decreased SHP-2 phosphorylation in adult collagen and increased cell proliferation to a level similar to that observed in old collagen. In the presence of old collagen, a high level of JAK2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed while expression of the cell cycle negative regulator p21CIP1 was decreased. Inhibition of DDR2 kinase function also led to an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and a decrease in p21CIP1 expression. Similar signaling profile was observed when DDR2 was inhibited in adult collagen. Altogether, these data suggest that biological collagen aging could increase tumor cell proliferation by reducingthe activation of the key matrix sensor DDR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Saby
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Emilie Buache
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Hassan El Btaouri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Courageot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Laurence Van Gulick
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Roselyne Garnotel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Pierre Jeannesson
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Pharmacie, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi JY, Hwang CY, Lee B, Lee SM, Bahn YJ, Lee KP, Kang M, Kim YS, Woo SH, Lim JY, Kim E, Kwon KS. Age-associated repression of type 1 inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor impairs muscle regeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2062-2080. [PMID: 27658230 PMCID: PMC5076452 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and power decrease with age, leading to impairment of mobility and metabolism in the elderly. Ca2+ signaling is crucial for myoblast differentiation as well as muscle contraction through activation of transcription factors and Ca2+-dependent kinases and phosphatases. Ca2+ channels, such as dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), two-pore channel (TPC) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (ITPR), function to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in myoblasts. Here, we observed a significant decrease in expression of type 1 IP3 receptor (ITPR1), but not types 2 and 3, in aged mice skeletal muscle and isolated myoblasts, compared with those of young mice. ITPR1 knockdown using shRNA-expressing viruses in C2C12 myoblasts and tibialis anterior muscle of mice inhibited myotube formation and muscle regeneration after injury, respectively, a typical phenotype of aged muscle. This aging phenotype was associated with repression of muscle-specific genes and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. ERK inhibition by U0126 not only induced recovery of myotube formation in old myoblasts but also facilitated muscle regeneration after injury in aged muscle. The conserved decline in ITPR1 expression in aged human skeletal muscle suggests utility as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia, which can be treated using ERK inhibition strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yi Choi
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Bahn
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyung Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang PH, Chen MC, Peng YT, Kao WH, Chang CH, Wang YC, Lai CH, Hsieh JT, Wang JH, Lee YT, Lin E, Yue CH, Wang HY, You SC, Lin H. Cdk5 Directly Targets Nuclear p21CIP1 and Promotes Cancer Cell Growth. Cancer Res 2017; 76:6888-6900. [PMID: 27909065 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The significance of Cdk5 in cell-cycle control and cancer biology has gained increased attention. Here we report the inverse correlation between the protein levels of Cdk5 and p21CIP1 from cell-based and clinical analysis. Mechanistically, we identify that Cdk5 overexpression triggers the proteasome-dependent degradation of p21CIP1 through a S130 phosphorylation in a Cdk2-independent manner. Besides, the evidence from cell-based and clinical analysis shows that Cdk5 primarily regulates nuclear p21CIP1 protein degradation. S130A-p21CIP1 mutant enables to block either its protein degradation or the increase of cancer cell growth caused by Cdk5. Notably, Cdk5-triggered p21CIP1 targeting primarily appears in S-phase, while Cdk5 overexpression increases the activation of Cdk2 and its interaction with DNA polymerase δ. The in vivo results show that Cdk2 might play an important role in the downstream signaling to Cdk5. In summary, these findings suggest that Cdk5 in a high expression status promotes cancer growth by directly and rapidly releasing p21CIP1-dependent cell-cycle inhibition and subsequent Cdk2 activation, which illustrates an oncogenic role of Cdk5 potentially applied for future diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6888-900. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jo-Hsin Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tsung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Chi You
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nikolaienko O, Eriksen MS, Patil S, Bito H, Bramham CR. Stimulus-evoked ERK-dependent phosphorylation of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) regulates its neuronal subcellular localization. Neuroscience 2017; 360:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
25
|
Zhang Y, Dong S, Wang J, Wang M, Chen M, Huang H. Involvement of Notch2 in all‑trans retinoic acid‑induced inhibition of mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2538-2546. [PMID: 28713967 PMCID: PMC5547936 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is among the most common congenital disorders, and can be induced by exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) during mice and human embryogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the implication of atRA in the development of cleft palate has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, atRA administered by gavage resulted in formation of a cleft palate in 99% of treated C57BL/6 mice. Notch2 was revealed to be upregulated in mouse embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells in the atRA-treated group compared with untreated control mice between embryonic day (E)12.5 and E14.5. In addition, atRA was demonstrated to mediate Notch2 expression via the activation of RA receptors (RARs). Since Notch2 activation has previously been reported to inhibit the proliferation of MEPM cells, the expression levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p21, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were assessed in samples from atRA-treated and control mouse embryos between E12.5 and E14.5. It was demonstrated that Notch2 silencing partially reversed the atRA-induced inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in MEPM cells. In addition, the atRA-induced cyclin D1 downregulation and p21 upregulation were partially reversed following Notch2 silencing, whereas the atRA-induced inhibition of cellular proliferation was also attenuated. Furthermore, it was revealed that Notch2 expression was upregulated, whereas Ki-67 expression was downregulated following atRA exposure, as assessed using resin bead-released atRA in MEPM cells. The present findings suggested that during embryonic development, atRA may enhance the expression of Notch2, which may inhibit cellular proliferation, possibly through ERK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Shiyi Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kiangwu Hospital, Macao, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanshan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
JNKs function as CDK4-activating kinases by phosphorylating CDK4 and p21. Oncogene 2017; 36:4349-4361. [PMID: 28368408 PMCID: PMC5537611 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D-CDK4/6 are the first cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes to be activated by mitogenic/oncogenic pathways. They have a central role in the cell multiplication decision and in its deregulation in cancer cells. We identified T172 phosphorylation of CDK4 rather than cyclin D accumulation as the distinctly regulated step determining CDK4 activation. This finding challenges the view that the only identified metazoan CDK-activating kinase, cyclin H-CDK7-Mat1 (CAK), which is constitutively active, is responsible for the activating phosphorylation of all cell cycle CDKs. We previously showed that T172 phosphorylation of CDK4 is conditioned by an adjacent proline (P173), which is not present in CDK6 and CDK1/2. Although CDK7 activity was recently shown to be required for CDK4 activation, we proposed that proline-directed kinases might specifically initiate the activation of CDK4. Here, we report that JNKs, but not ERK1/2 or CAK, can be direct CDK4-activating kinases for cyclin D-CDK4 complexes that are inactivated by p21-mediated stabilization. JNKs and ERK1/2 also phosphorylated p21 at S130 and T57, which might facilitate CDK7-dependent activation of p21-bound CDK4, however, mutation of these sites did not impair the phosphorylation of CDK4 by JNKs. In two selected tumor cells, two different JNK inhibitors inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of cyclin D1-CDK4-p21 but not the activation of cyclin D3-CDK4 that is mainly associated to p27. Specific inhibition by chemical genetics in MEFs confirmed the involvement of JNK2 in cyclin D1-CDK4 activation. Therefore, JNKs could be activating kinases for cyclin D1-CDK4 bound to p21, by independently phosphorylating both CDK4 and p21.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bao B, He Y, Tang D, Li W, Li H. Inhibition of H3K27me3 Histone Demethylase Activity Prevents the Proliferative Regeneration of Zebrafish Lateral Line Neuromasts. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:51. [PMID: 28348517 PMCID: PMC5346882 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The H3K27 demethylases are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death by regulating transcriptional activity. However, the function of H3K27 demethylation in the field of hearing research is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of H3K27me3 histone demethylase activity in hair cell regeneration using an in vivo animal model. Our data showed that pharmacologic inhibition of H3K27 demethylase activity with the specific small-molecule inhibitor GSK-J4 decreased the number of regenerated hair cells in response to neomycin damage. Furthermore, inhibition of H3K27me3 histone demethylase activity dramatically suppressed cell proliferation and activated caspase-3 levels in the regenerating neuromasts of the zebrafish lateral line. GSK-J4 administration also increased the expression of p21 and p27 in neuromast cells and inhibited the ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that H3K27me3 demethylation is a key epigenetic regulator in the process of hair cell regeneration in zebrafish and suggest that H3K27me3 histone demethylase activity might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beier Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Medical College of Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adorisio S, Fierabracci A, Gigliarelli G, Muscari I, Cannarile L, Liberati AM, Marcotullio MC, Riccardi C, Curini M, Robles Zepeda RE, Delfino DV. The Hexane Fraction of Bursera microphylla A Gray Induces p21-Mediated Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects in Human Cancer-Derived Cell Lines. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:426-435. [PMID: 28110563 PMCID: PMC5759934 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416688413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursera microphylla (BM), one of the common elephant trees, is widely distributed in the Sonoran desert in Mexico. The Seri ethnic group in the Sonoran desert uses BM as an anti-inflammatory and painkiller drug for the treatment of sore throat, herpes labialis, abscessed tooth, and wound healing. Dried stems and leaves of BM are used in a tea to relieve painful urination and to stimulate bronchial secretion. Furthermore, BM is used for fighting venereal diseases. To investigate the effects of the hexane fraction of resin methanol extract (BM-H) on cell growth, the acute myeloid cell line (OCI-AML3) was treated with 250, 25, or 2.5 µg/mL of BM-H. The first 2 concentrations were able to significantly decrease OCI-AML3 cell number. This reduced cell number was associated with decreased S-phase, blockade of G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increased cell death. Similar results were obtained on all tested tumor cell lines of different origins. We found that blockade of the cell cycle was a result of upregulation of p21 protein in a p53-independent way. Increase of p21 was possibly a result of upstream upregulation of p-ERK (which stabilizes p21 protein) and downregulation of p-38 (which promotes its degradation). Regarding cell death, activation of caspase-3, but not of caspase-8 or -9, was detectable after BM-H treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that BM-H inhibited proliferation of cell lines mainly by a p21-dependent, p53-independent mechanism and promoted apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 but not caspase-8 or -9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Adorisio
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- 2 Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Muscari
- 4 Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Marina Liberati
- 4 Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Curini
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Domenico V Delfino
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.,6 Foligno Nursing School, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Catfish rhamnose-binding lectin induces G 0/1 cell cycle arrest in Burkitt's lymphoma cells via membrane surface Gb3. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:127-138. [PMID: 27796613 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Silurus asotus egg lectin (SAL), an α-galactoside-binding protein isolated from the eggs of catfish, is a member of the rhamnose-binding lectin family that binds to Gb3 glycan (Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc). We have previously demonstrated that SAL reduces the proliferation of Gb3-expressing Burkitt's lymphoma Raji cells and confirm here that it does not reduce their viability, indicating that unlike other lectins, it is not cytotoxic. The aim of this study was to determine the signal transduction mechanism(s) underlying this novel SAL/Gb3 binding-mediated effect profile. SAL/Gb3 interaction arrested the cell cycle through increasing the G0/1 phase population of Raji cells. SAL suppressed the transcription of cell cycle-related factors such as c-MYC, cyclin D3, and cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK)-4. Conversely, the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 were elevated by treatment with SAL. In particular, the production of p27 in response to SAL treatment increased steadily, whereas p21 production was maximal at 12 h and lower at 24 h. Activation of Ras-MEK-ERK pathway led to an increase in expression of p21. Notably, treatment of Raji cells with anti-Gb3 mAb alone did not produce the above effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that Gb3 on the Raji cell surface interacts with SAL to trigger sequential GDP-Ras phosphorylation, Ras-MEK-ERK pathway activation, p21 production, and cell cycle arrest at the G0/1 phase.
Collapse
|
30
|
Novel role of cortactin in G protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced nuclear export and degradation of p21Cip1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28687. [PMID: 27363897 PMCID: PMC4929470 DOI: 10.1038/srep28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) stimulates phosphorylation of cortactin on Y421 and Y446 residues in a time-dependent manner and phosphorylation at Y446 but not Y421 residue is required for MCP1-induced CDK-interacting protein 1 (p21Cip1) nuclear export and degradation in facilitating human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation. In addition, MCP1-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation are dependent on Fyn activation. Upstream to Fyn, MCP1 stimulated C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and Gi/o and inhibition of either one of these molecules using their specific antagonists or inhibitors attenuated MCP1-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation. Cortactin phosphorylation at Y446 residue is also required for another G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist, thrombin-induced p21Cip1 nuclear export and its degradation in promoting HASMC proliferation. Quite interestingly, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) agonist, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation do not require cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation. Together, these findings demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin at Y446 residue is selective for only GPCR but not RTK agonist-induced nuclear export and proteolytic degradation of p21Cip1 in HASMC proliferation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Saba-El-Leil MK, Frémin C, Meloche S. Redundancy in the World of MAP Kinases: All for One. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:67. [PMID: 27446918 PMCID: PMC4921452 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are the effector components of the prototypical ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. This signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, and is essential for embryonic development and cellular homeostasis. ERK1 and ERK2 homologs share similar biochemical properties but whether they exert specific physiological functions or act redundantly has been a matter of controversy. However, recent studies now provide compelling evidence in support of functionally redundant roles of ERK1 and ERK2 in embryonic development and physiology. In this review, we present a critical assessment of the evidence for the functional specificity or redundancy of MAP kinase isoforms. We focus on the ERK1/ERK2 pathway but also discuss the case of JNK and p38 isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc K Saba-El-Leil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Frémin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Institute for Research in Cancer of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Duan J, Yan H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Fan Q, Luo F, Yan G, Qiao K, Liu J. Hippocalcin-like 1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by promoting p21(Waf/Cip1) stabilization by activating the ERK1/2-MAPK pathway. Hepatology 2016; 63:880-97. [PMID: 26659654 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. However, the underlying mechanism during hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclarified. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a powerful quantitative strategy for proteome-wide discovery of novel biomarkers in cancers. Hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) is a calcium sensor protein. However, the biological function of HPCAL1 is poorly understood in cancers, including HCC. Herein, HPCAL1 was identified by SILAC as a novel hepatocarcinogenesis suppressor down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tissues. Importantly, lost expression of HPCAL1 was associated with worse prognosis of HCC patients. Interestingly, secreted HPCAL1 protein in the plasma dropped dramatically in HCC patients compared with healthy donors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that serum HPCAL1 at a concentration of 8.654 ng/mL could better predict HCC. Furthermore, ectopic expression of HPCAL1 suppresses cell proliferation, while depletion of HPCAL1 led to increased cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HPCAL1 directly interacted with p21(Waf/Cip1) in the nucleus, which requires the EF-hand 4 motif of HPCAL1 and the Cy1 domain of p21. This interaction stabilized p21(Waf/Cip1) in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner, which subsequently prevented p21(Waf/Cip1) proteasomal degradation by disrupting SCF(Skp2) and CRL4(Cdt2) E3 ligase complexes, resulting in increased protein stability and inhibitory effect of p21(Waf/Cip1). Notably, the tumor suppressive function of HPCAL1 was dependent on p21 in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with this observation, expression of HPCAL1 and p21(Waf/Cip1) was positively correlated in HCC tissues. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a novel tumor suppressor upstream of p21(Waf/Cip1) in attenuating cell cycle progression and provide a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor, as well as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlin Duan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilu Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE & MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ohkoshi S, Yano M, Matsuda Y. Oncogenic role of p21 in hepatocarcinogenesis suggests a new treatment strategy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12150-6. [PMID: 26576099 PMCID: PMC4641132 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-known tumor suppressor, p21, acts paradoxically by promoting tumor growth in some cellular conditions. These conflicting functions have been demonstrated in association with the HBx gene and in hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular behavior of p21 depends on its subcellular localization. Nuclear p21 may inhibit cell proliferation and be proapoptotic, while cytoplasmic p21 may have oncogenic and anti-apoptotic functions. Because most typical tumor suppressive proteins also have different effects according to subcellular localization, elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of these proteins would be significant and may lead to a new strategy for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a major nuclear export receptor involved in transport of tumor suppressors from nucleus to cytoplasm. Expression of CRM1 is enhanced in a variety of malignancies and in vitro studies have shown the efficacy of specific inhibition of CRM1 against cancer cell lines. Interestingly, interferon may keep p21 in the nucleus; this is one of the mechanisms of its anti-hepatocarcinogenic function. Here we review the oncogenic property of p21, which depends on its subcellular localization, and discuss the rationale underlying a new strategy for HCC treatment and prevention.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
|
34
|
Polo-like kinase 3 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis via cooperative interaction with p21. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6789-96. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
35
|
Ekthuwapranee K, Sotthibundhu A, Govitrapong P. Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine-induced inhibition of proliferation of adult rat hippocampal progenitor cells in vitro. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:418-28. [PMID: 25752339 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an extremely addictive stimulatory drug. A recent study suggested that METH may cause an impairment in the proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells, but the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unknown. Blood and cerebrospinal levels of melatonin derive primarily from the pineal gland, and that performs many biological functions. Our previous study demonstrated that melatonin promotes the proliferation of progenitor cells originating from the hippocampus. In this study, hippocampal progenitor cells from adult Wistar rats were used to determine the effects of METH on cell proliferation and the mechanisms underlying these effects. We investigated the effects of melatonin on the METH-induced alteration in cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that 500 μm METH induced a decrease (63.0%) in neurosphere cell proliferation and altered the expression of neuronal phenotype markers in the neurosphere cell population. Moreover, METH induced an increase in the protein expression of the tumor suppressor p53 (124.4%) and the cell cycle inhibitor p21(CIP) (1) (p21) (128.1%), resulting in the accumulation of p21 in the nucleus. We also found that METH altered the expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR2A (79.6%) and NR2B (126.7%) and Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII) (74.0%). In addition, pretreatment with 1 μm melatonin attenuated the effects induced by METH treatment. According to these results, we concluded that METH induces a reduction in cell proliferation by upregulating the cell cycle regulators p53/p21 and promoting the accumulation of p21 in the nucleus and that melatonin ameliorates these negative effects of METH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasima Ekthuwapranee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biology of the cell cycle inhibitor p21CDKN1A: molecular mechanisms and relevance in chemical toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:155-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
37
|
Giovannini C, Baglioni M, Baron Toaldo M, Ventrucci C, D'Adamo S, Cipone M, Chieco P, Gramantieri L, Bolondi L. Notch3 inhibition enhances sorafenib cytotoxic efficacy by promoting GSK3b phosphorylation and p21 down-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1618-31. [PMID: 24113128 PMCID: PMC3858550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (Nexavar), a multiple kinase inhibitor, is the only clinically approved drug for patients with advanced HCC. However, its therapeutic success is limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Here we found that p21 and pGSK3βSer9 are major players in the resistance to sorafenib. We recently reported that aberrant Notch3 expression in HCC contributes to doxorubicin resistance in vitro and, therefore, we focused on the mechanisms that associate Notch3 to acquired drug resistance. In this study we first found that Notch3 inhibition significantly increased the apoptosis inducing effect of sorafenib in HCC cells via specific down-regulation of p21 and up-regulation of pGSK3βSer9. Using a mouse xenograft model we further found that Notch3 depletion combined with 21 days of sorafenib treatment exerts a substantial antitumor effect in vivo. Interestingly, we showed that, upon exposure to sorafenib treatment, Notch3 depleted xenografts maintain lower levels of p21 and higher levels of pGSK3βSer9 than control xenografts. Thus, this study demonstrated that inhibition of Notch3 signaling prevents HCC-mediate drug resistance and sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib. Finally, we validated our in vitro and in vivo results in primary human HCCs showing that Notch3 protein expression positively correlated with p21 protein expression and negatively correlated with pGSK3βSer9 expression. In conclusion, the results presented in this study demonstrated that Notch3 silencing enhances the effect of sorafenib by overcoming drug resistance. Notch3 inhibition in combination with sorafenib can be a promising strategy for treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Giovannini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Michailovici I, Harrington HA, Azogui HH, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Plotnikov A, Ching S, Stumpf MPH, Klein OD, Seger R, Tzahor E. Nuclear to cytoplasmic shuttling of ERK promotes differentiation of muscle stem/progenitor cells. Development 2014; 141:2611-20. [PMID: 24924195 DOI: 10.1242/dev.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The transition between the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells is a key step in organogenesis, and alterations in this process can lead to developmental disorders. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) signaling pathway is one of the most intensively studied signaling mechanisms that regulates both proliferation and differentiation. How a single molecule (e.g. ERK) can regulate two opposing cellular outcomes is still a mystery. Using both chick and mouse models, we shed light on the mechanism responsible for the switch from proliferation to differentiation of head muscle progenitors and implicate ERK subcellular localization. Manipulation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-ERK signaling pathway in chick embryos in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that blockage of this pathway accelerated myogenic differentiation, whereas its activation diminished it. We next examined whether the spatial subcellular localization of ERK could act as a switch between proliferation (nuclear ERK) and differentiation (cytoplasmic ERK) of muscle progenitors. A myristoylated peptide that blocks importin 7-mediated ERK nuclear translocation induced robust myogenic differentiation of muscle progenitor/stem cells in both head and trunk. In the mouse, analysis of Sprouty mutant embryos revealed that increased ERK signaling suppressed both head and trunk myogenesis. Our findings, corroborated by mathematical modeling, suggest that ERK shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm provides a switch-like transition between proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Michailovici
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Heather A Harrington
- Theoretical Systems Biology, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hadar Hay Azogui
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Saunders Ching
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0430, USA
| | - Michael P H Stumpf
- Theoretical Systems Biology, Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0430, USA Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0442, USA
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee HS, Hwang CY, Shin SY, Kwon KS, Cho KH. MLK3 is part of a feedback mechanism that regulates different cellular responses to reactive oxygen species. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra52. [PMID: 24894995 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. Both endogenous and exogenous ROS activate signaling through mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MAPK) pathways, including those involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). Whereas low concentrations of ROS generally stimulate proliferation, high concentrations result in cell death. We found that low concentrations of ROS induced activating phosphorylation of ERKs, whereas high concentrations of ROS induced activating phosphorylation of JNKs. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3, also known as MAP3K11) directly phosphorylates JNKs and may control activation of ERKs. Mathematical modeling of MAPK networks revealed a positive feedback loop involving MLK3 that determined the relative phosphorylation of ERKs and JNKs by ROS. Cells exposed to an MLK3 inhibitor or cells in which MLK3 was knocked down showed increased activation of ERKs and decreased activation of JNKs and were resistant to cell death when exposed to high concentrations of ROS. Thus, the data indicated that MLK3 is a critical factor controlling the activity of kinase networks that control the cellular responses to different concentrations of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Less understood issues: p21Cip1 in mitosis and its therapeutic potential. Oncogene 2014; 34:1758-67. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
41
|
Kilarkaje N, Al-Bader MM. Diabetes-induced oxidative DNA damage alters p53-p21CIP1/Waf1 signaling in the rat testis. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:102-12. [PMID: 24828139 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114533729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is increasingly becoming a major cause of large-scale morbidity and mortality. Diabetes-induced oxidative stress alters numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Although testicular dysfunction is a major concern in diabetic men, the mechanistic alterations in the testes that lead to hypogonadism are not yet clear. Oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage, as indicated by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, and phosphorylation of p53 at ser315 residue (p-p53ser315) increased in a stage- and cell-specific manner in the testes of rats that were diabetic for 1 month (DM1). Prolongation of diabetes for 3 months (DM3) led to an increase in nuclear oxidative DNA damage in conjunction with a decrease in the expression of p-p53ser315. The nuclei of pachytene and preleptotene spermatocytes, steps 1, 11, and 12 spermatids, secondary spermatocytes and the Sertoli cells, and the meiotic figures showed an increase in the expression of p-p53ser315. An increase in the expression of a downstream target of p53 and protein 21(cyclin-dependent kinase interacting protein 1/wild-type p53-activated factor 1) (p21(CIP1/Waf1)) in both diabetic groups did not show any time-dependent effects but occurred concurrent with an upregulation of p-p53ser315 in DM1 and a downregulation of the protein in DM3. In diabetic groups, the expression of p21(CIP1/Waf1) was mainly cytoplasmic but also perinuclear in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. The cytoplasmic localization of p21(CIP1/Waf1) may be suggestive of an antiapoptotic role for the protein. The perinuclear localization is probably related to the cell cycle arrest meant for DNA damage repair. Diabetes upregulates p21(CIP1/Waf1) signaling in testicular germ cells in association with alteration in p-p53ser315 expression, probably to counteract DNA damage-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Maie M Al-Bader
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway has a pivotal role in facilitating cell proliferation, and its deregulated activation is a central signature of many epithelial cancers. However paradoxically, sustained activity of Raf/MEK/ERK can also result in growth arrest in many different cell types. This anti-proliferative Raf/MEK/ERK signaling also has physiological significance, as exemplified by its potential as a tumor suppressive mechanism. Therefore, significant questions include in which cell types and by what mechanisms this pathway can mediate such an opposing context of signaling. Particularly, our understating of the role of ERK1 and ERK2, the focal points of pathway signaling, in growth arrest signaling is still limited. This review discusses these aspects of Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated growth arrest signaling.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hwang CY, Kim K, Choi JY, Bahn YJ, Lee SM, Kim YK, Lee C, Kwon KS. Quantitative proteome analysis of age-related changes in mouse gastrocnemius muscle using mTRAQ. Proteomics 2014; 14:121-32. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling; Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon Korea
| | - Kyutae Kim
- BRI; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jeong Yi Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling; Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon Korea
| | - Young Jae Bahn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling; Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling; Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- BRI; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling; Aging Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yano M, Ohkoshi S, Aoki YH, Takahashi H, Kurita S, Yamazaki K, Suzuki K, Yamagiwa S, Sanpei A, Fujimaki S, Wakai T, Kudo SE, Matsuda Y, Aoyagi Y. Hepatitis B virus X induces cell proliferation in the hepatocarcinogenesis via up-regulation of cytoplasmic p21 expression. Liver Int 2013; 33:1218-29. [PMID: 23590292 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been shown to induce hepatocarcinogenesis by disrupting the functions of intracellular molecules. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cip1/WAF1), known as a tumour-suppressor gene, has been reported to have paradoxical function, that is, acting as an oncogene, particularly when expressed in the cytoplasm. The effects of HBx on the expression and function of p21 also remain controversial. AIMS We attempted to investigate the role of HBx in the hepatocarcinogenic process, focusing on the association with this paradoxical function of p21. The results obtained were further verified with experiments using the antihepatocarcinogenic action of interferon (IFN)-β. METHODS HBx transgenic mice (Xg) and HBx-transfected hepatoma cell lines were used. Intracellular localization of p21 was determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Xg and HBx-transfected cells exhibited increased expression of p21. Up-regulation of p21 was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D1 and inactive phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). These HBx-induced cell proliferative responses were cancelled by knockdown of p21, which resulted in growth reduction in HBx-expressing cells, suggesting the oncogenic properties of HBx-induced p21. HBx induced accumulation of p21 in the cytoplasm, and activation of PKCα was involved. Finally, IFN-β-treated Xg liver, as well as hepatoma cells, showed a shift of cytoplasmic p21 to the nucleus, accompanied by the abrogation of HBx-induced oncogenic modulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HBx induces hepatocarcinogenesis via PKCα-mediated overexpression of cytoplasmic p21 and IFN-β suppressed these molecular events by shifting p21 to the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Yano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Foertsch F, Teichmann N, Kob R, Hentschel J, Laubscher U, Melle C. S100A11 is involved in the regulation of the stability of cell cycle regulator p21(CIP1/WAF1) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:3840-53. [PMID: 23745637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1) is a regulatory factor of the cell cycle. Its transcriptional activation and protein stability are tightly controlled by several distinct mechanisms. S100A11 is a member of the S100 family of Ca²⁺-binding proteins involved in several biological processes, including cell cycle progression and signal transduction. In the present study, we show that down-regulation of S100A11 results in the reduction of p21 protein in human HaCaT keratinocytes. It appears that a ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation process is involved in p21 degradation in S100A11 down-regulated cells. The application of a proteasome inhibitor stabilized p21 protein in these cells. Analysis of distinct signal transduction pathways revealed a disturbed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway after S100A11 knockdown. We determined that the glycogen synthase kinase-3, which is negatively regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, was activated in cells possessing knocked-down S100A11 and appears to be involved in p21 protein destabilization. The application of a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 resulted in an increase of the p21 protein level in S100A11 down-regulated HaCaT cells. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is able to phosphorylate p21 at T57, which induces p21 proteasomal turnover. Mutation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 site threonine 57 into alanine (T57A) stabilizes p21 in HaCaT cells lacking S100A11. Beside decreased p21 protein, down-regulation of S100A11 triggered the induction of apoptosis in HaCaT cells. These observations suggest that S100A11 is involved in the maintenance of p21 protein stability and appears to function as an inhibitor of apoptosis in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Thus, the data shed light on a novel pathway regulating p21 protein stability.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bisteau X, Paternot S, Colleoni B, Ecker K, Coulonval K, De Groote P, Declercq W, Hengst L, Roger PP. CDK4 T172 phosphorylation is central in a CDK7-dependent bidirectional CDK4/CDK2 interplay mediated by p21 phosphorylation at the restriction point. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003546. [PMID: 23737759 PMCID: PMC3667761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression, including genome duplication, is orchestrated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDK activation depends on phosphorylation of their T-loop by a CDK–activating kinase (CAK). In animals, the only known CAK for CDK2 and CDK1 is cyclin H-CDK7, which is constitutively active. Therefore, the critical activation step is dephosphorylation of inhibitory sites by Cdc25 phosphatases rather than unrestricted T-loop phosphorylation. Homologous CDK4 and CDK6 bound to cyclins D are master integrators of mitogenic/oncogenic signaling cascades by initiating the inactivation of the central oncosuppressor pRb and cell cycle commitment at the restriction point. Unlike the situation in CDK1 and CDK2 cyclin complexes, and in contrast to the weak but constitutive T177 phosphorylation of CDK6, we have identified the T-loop phosphorylation at T172 as the highly regulated step determining CDK4 activity. Whether both CDK4 and CDK6 phosphorylations are catalyzed by CDK7 remains unclear. To answer this question, we took a chemical-genetics approach by using analogue-sensitive CDK7(as/as) mutant HCT116 cells, in which CDK7 can be specifically inhibited by bulky adenine analogs. Intriguingly, CDK7 inhibition prevented activating phosphorylations of CDK4/6, but for CDK4 this was at least partly dependent on its binding to p21cip1. In response to CDK7 inhibition, p21-binding to CDK4 increased concomitantly with disappearance of the most abundant phosphorylation of p21, which we localized at S130 and found to be catalyzed by both CDK4 and CDK2. The S130A mutation of p21 prevented the activating CDK4 phosphorylation, and inhibition of CDK4/6 and CDK2 impaired phosphorylations of both p21 and p21-bound CDK4. Therefore, specific CDK7 inhibition revealed the following: a crucial but partly indirect CDK7 involvement in phosphorylation/activation of CDK4 and CDK6; existence of CDK4-activating kinase(s) other than CDK7; and novel CDK7-dependent positive feedbacks mediated by p21 phosphorylation by CDK4 and CDK2 to sustain CDK4 activation, pRb inactivation, and restriction point passage. In the cell cycle, duplication of all the cellular components and subsequent cell division are governed by a family of protein kinases associated with cyclins (CDKs). Related CDK4 and CDK6 bound to cyclins D are the first CDKs to be activated in response to cell proliferation signals. They thus play a central role in the cell multiplication decision, especially in most cancer cells in which CDK4 activity is highly deregulated. We have identified the activating T172 phosphorylation instead of cyclin D expression as the highly regulated step determining CDK4 activation. This finding contrasts with the prevalent view that the only identified metazoan CDK-activating kinase, CDK7, is constitutively active. By using human cells genetically engineered for specific chemical inhibition of CDK7, we found that CDK7 activity was indeed required for CDK4 activation. However, this dependence was conditioned by CDK4 binding to the CDK inhibitory protein p21, which increased in response to CDK7 inhibition. Further investigation revealed that CDK7 inhibition affects a major phosphorylation of p21, which we found to be required for CDK4 activation and performed by CDK4 itself and CDK2. Thus, depending on CDK7 activity, CDK4 and CDK2 facilitate CDK4 activation, generating novel positive feedbacks involved in the cell cycle decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bisteau
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Paternot
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bianca Colleoni
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Ecker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katia Coulonval
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Groote
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ludger Hengst
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pierre P. Roger
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Akinleye A, Furqan M, Mukhi N, Ravella P, Liu D. MEK and the inhibitors: from bench to bedside. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:27. [PMID: 23587417 PMCID: PMC3626705 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Four distinct MAP kinase signaling pathways involving 7 MEK enzymes have been identified. MEK1 and MEK2 are the prototype members of MEK family proteins. Several MEK inhibitors are in clinical trials. Trametinib is being evaluated by FDA for the treatment of metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. Selumetinib has been studied in combination with docetaxel in phase II randomized trial in previously treated patients with advanced lung cancer. Selumetinib group had better response rate and progression-free survival. This review also summarized new MEK inhibitors in clinical development, including pimasertib, refametinib, PD-0325901, TAK733, MEK162 (ARRY 438162), RO5126766, WX-554, RO4987655 (CH4987655), GDC-0973 (XL518), and AZD8330.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nikhil Mukhi
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Pavan Ravella
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Cells decide to proliferate or remain quiescent using signaling pathways that link information about the cellular environment to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Progression through G1 phase is controlled by pRB proteins, which function to repress the activity of E2F transcription factors in cells exiting mitosis and in quiescent cells. Phosphorylation of pRB proteins by the G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) releases E2F factors, promoting the transition to S phase. CDK activity is primarily regulated by the binding of CDK catalytic subunits to cyclin partners and CDK inhibitors. Consequently, both mitogenic and antiproliferative signals exert their effects on cell proliferation through the transcriptional regulation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of cyclins and CDK inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Duronio
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Romanov VS, Pospelov VA, Pospelova TV. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Waf1): contemporary view on its role in senescence and oncogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:575-84. [PMID: 22817456 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791206003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
p21(Waf1) was identified as a protein suppressing cyclin E/A-CDK2 activity and was originally considered as a negative regulator of the cell cycle and a tumor suppressor. It is now considered that p21(Waf1) has alternative functions, and the view of its role in cellular processes has begun to change. At present, p21(Waf1) is known to be involved in regulation of fundamental cellular programs: cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, senescence, and apoptosis. In fact, it not only exhibits antioncogenic, but also oncogenic properties. This review provides a contemporary understanding of the functions of p21(Waf1) depending on its intracellular localization. On one hand, when in the nucleus, it serves as a negative cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor, in particular by participating in the launch of a senescence program. On the other hand, when p21(Waf1) is localized in the cytoplasm, it acts as an oncogene by regulating migration, apoptosis, and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Romanov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hwang CY, Lee SM, Park SS, Kwon KS. CDK2 differentially controls normal cell senescence and cancer cell proliferation upon exposure to reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|