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Wu Z, Li H, Xu H, Feng F, Zhang F, Zhang S, Wang L, Li Y. ChIP-seq analysis found IL21R, a target gene of GTF2I-the susceptibility gene for primary biliary cholangitis in Chinese Han. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:509-516. [PMID: 37713154 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aimed to identify a new susceptibility gene associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in Chinese Han and investigate the possible mechanism of that gene in PBC. METHODS A total of 466 PBC and 694 healthy controls (HC) were included in our study, and genotyping GTF2I gene variants by Sequenom. CD19 + B cells were isolated for Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Additionally, MEME-ChIP was utilized to perform searches for known motifs and de novo motif discovery. The GTF2I ChIP-seq of hematopoietic cell line (K562) results were obtained from ENCODE (GSE176987, GSE177691). The Genomic HyperBrowser was used to determine overlap and hierarchal clustering between ours and ENCODE datasets. RESULTS The frequency of the rs117026326 variant T allele was significantly higher in PBC patients than that in HC (20.26% compared with 13.89%, Pc = 1.09E-04). Furthermore, we observed an elevated proportion of GTF2I binding site located in the upstream and 5' UTR of genes in PBC in comparison with HC. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of IL21R region revealed that GTF2I might bind to the IL21R promoter to regulate the expression of the IL21R, with four peaks of GTF2I binding sites, including three increased binding sites in upstream, one increased binding site in 5' UTR. Motif analysis by MEME-ChIP uncovered five significant motifs. A significant overlap between our ChIP and GSE176987, GSE17769 were found by the Genomic HyperBroswer. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that GTF2I was associated with PBC in Chinese Han. Furthermore, our gene function analysis indicated that IL21R may be the target gene regulated by GTF2I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Futai Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Guo CC, Xu HE, Ma X. ARID3a from the ARID family: structure, role in autoimmune diseases and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2139-2150. [PMID: 37488425 PMCID: PMC10618457 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family of DNA-binding proteins is a group of transcription factors and chromatin regulators with a highly conserved ARID domain that recognizes specific AT-rich DNA sequences. Dysfunction of ARID family members has been implicated in various human diseases including cancers and intellectual disability. Among them, ARID3a has gained increasing attention due to its potential involvement in autoimmunity. In this article we provide an overview of the ARID family, focusing on the structure and biological functions of ARID3a. It explores the role of ARID3a in autoreactive B cells and its contribution to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and primary biliary cholangitis. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential for drug discovery targeting ARID3a and present a plan for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Liu C, Yan S, Chen H, Wu Z, Li L, Cheng L, Li H, Li Y. Association of GTF2I, NFKB1, and TYK2 Regional Polymorphisms With Systemic Sclerosis in a Chinese Han Population. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640083. [PMID: 34248934 PMCID: PMC8261294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an uncommon autoimmune disease that varies with ethnicity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GTFSI, NFKB1, and TYK2 genes have been reported to be associated with SSc in other populations and in individuals with various autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between these SNPs and susceptibility to SSc in a Chinese Han population. Method A case-control study was performed in 343 patients with SSc and 694 ethnically matched healthy controls. SNPs in GTF2I, NFKB1, and TYK2 were genotyped using a Sequenom MassArray iPLEX system. Association analyses were performed using PLINK v1.90 software. Result Our study demonstrated that the GTF2I rs117026326 T allele and the GTF2I rs73366469 C allele were strongly associated with patients with SSc (P = 6.97E-10 and P = 1.33E-08, respectively). Patients carrying the GTF2I rs117026326 TT genotype and the GTF2I rs73366469 CC genotype had a strongly increased risk of SSc (P = 6.25E-09 and P = 1.67E-08, respectively), and those carrying the NFKB1 rs1599961 AA genotype had a suggestively significantly increased risk of SSc (P = 0.014). Moreover, rs117026326 and rs73366469 were associated with SSc in different genetic models (additive model, dominant model, and recessive model) (P < 0.05) whereas rs1599961 was associated with SSc in the dominant genetic model but not in the addictive and recessive models (P = 0.0026). TYK2 rs2304256 was not significantly associated with SSc in this study. Conclusion GTF2I rs117026326 and rs73366469 SNPs were strongly associated with SSc in this Chinese Han population. NFKB1 rs1599961 showed a suggestive association with SSc, and no significant association was found between TYK2 rs2304256 and SSc in this Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liubing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lee J, Rho JH, Roehrl MH, Wang JY. Dermatan Sulfate Is a Potential Regulator of IgH via Interactions With Pre-BCR, GTF2I, and BiP ER Complex in Pre-B Lymphoblasts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680212. [PMID: 34113352 PMCID: PMC8185350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatan sulfate (DS) and autoantigen (autoAg) complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive CD5+ B1 cells. We examined the activity of DS on CD5+ pre-B lymphoblast NFS-25 cells. CD19, CD5, CD72, PI3K, and Fas possess varying degrees of DS affinity. The three pre-BCR components, Ig heavy chain mu (IgH), VpreB, and lambda 5, display differential DS affinities, with IgH having the strongest affinity. DS attaches to NFS-25 cells, gradually accumulates in the ER, and eventually localizes to the nucleus. DS and IgH co-localize on the cell surface and in the ER. DS associates strongly with 17 ER proteins (e.g., BiP/Grp78, Grp94, Hsp90ab1, Ganab, Vcp, Canx, Kpnb1, Prkcsh, Pdia3), which points to an IgH-associated multiprotein complex in the ER. In addition, DS interacts with nuclear proteins (Ncl, Xrcc6, Prmt5, Eftud2, Supt16h) and Lck. We also discovered that DS binds GTF2I, a required gene transcription factor at the IgH locus. These findings support DS as a potential regulator of IgH in pre-B cells at protein and gene levels. We propose a (DS•autoAg)-autoBCR dual signal model in which an autoBCR is engaged by both autoAg and DS, and, once internalized, DS recruits a cascade of molecules that may help avert apoptosis and steer autoreactive B cell fate. Through its affinity with autoAgs and its control of IgH, DS emerges as a potential key player in the development of autoreactive B cells and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jung-hyun Rho
- MP Biomedicals New Zealand Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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ARID3a expression in human hematopoietic stem cells is associated with distinct gene patterns in aged individuals. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32905435 PMCID: PMC7469297 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Immunologic aging leads to immune dysfunction, significantly reducing the quality of life of the elderly. Aged-related defects in early hematopoiesis result in reduced lymphoid cell development, functionally defective mature immune cells, and poor protective responses to vaccines and pathogens. Despite considerable progress understanding the underlying causes of decreased immunity in the elderly, the mechanisms by which these occur are still poorly understood. The DNA-binding protein ARID3a is expressed in a subset of human hematopoietic progenitors. Inhibition of ARID3a in bulk human cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors led to developmental skewing toward myeloid lineage at the expense of lymphoid lineage cells in vitro. Effects of ARID3a expression in adult-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been analyzed, nor has ARID3a expression been assessed in relationship to age. We hypothesized that decreases in ARID3a could explain some of the defects observed in aging. Results Our data reveal decreased frequencies of ARID3a-expressing peripheral blood HSCs from aged healthy individuals compared with young donor HSCs. Inhibition of ARID3a in young donor-derived HSCs limits B lineage potential, suggesting a role for ARID3a in B lymphopoiesis in bone marrow-derived HSCs. Increasing ARID3a levels of HSCs from aged donors in vitro alters B lineage development and maturation. Finally, single cell analyses of ARID3a-expressing HSCs from young versus aged donors identify a number of differentially expressed genes in aged ARID3A-expressing cells versus young ARID3A-expressing HSCs, as well as between ARID3A-expressing and non-expressing cells in both young and aged donor HSCs. Conclusions These data suggest that ARID3a-expressing HSCs from aged individuals differ at both molecular and functional levels compared to ARID3a-expressing HSCs from young individuals.
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Regulation of B-cell function by NF-kappaB c-Rel in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3325-3340. [PMID: 32130429 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B cells mediate humoral immune response and contribute to the regulation of cellular immune response. Members of the Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors play a major role in regulating B-cell functions. NF-κB subunit c-Rel is predominantly expressed in lymphocytes, and in B cells, it is required for survival, proliferation, and antibody production. Dysregulation of c-Rel expression and activation alters B-cell homeostasis and is associated with B-cell lymphomas and autoimmune pathologies. Based on its essential roles, c-Rel may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current understanding of the multifaceted role of c-Rel in B cells and B-cell diseases.
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating and heterogeneous autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, and for which the underlying causes are unknown. The majority of SLE patients produce autoantibodies, have increased levels of type-I inflammatory cytokines, and can develop glomerulonephritis. Recent studies indicate an unexpected but strong association between increased disease activity in SLE patients and the expression of the DNA-binding protein ARID3a (A + T rich interaction domain protein 3a) in a number of peripheral blood cell types. ARID3a expression was first associated with autoantibody production in B cells; however, more recent findings also indicate associations with expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon alpha in SLE plasmacytoid dendritic cells and low-density neutrophils. In addition, ARID3a is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and some adult kidney progenitor cells. SLE cells expressing enhanced ARID3a levels show differential gene expression patterns compared with homologous healthy control cells, identifying new pathways potentially regulated by ARID3a. The associations of ARID3a expression with increased disease severity in SLE, suggest that it, or its downstream targets, may provide new therapeutic targets for SLE.
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Meng Y, He Y, Zhang J, Xie Q, Yang M, Chen Y, Wu Y. Association of GTF2I gene polymorphisms with renal involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16716. [PMID: 31374066 PMCID: PMC6709260 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposes of the study was to validate the relationship between General transcription factor II-I (GTF2I) genetic variants and kidney involvements of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in a Chinese Han population.Samples from 400 SLE patients and 400 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were collected and genotyped by improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technique. The relationship between gene polymorphism of rs117026326, rs73366469, and susceptibility, progression of SLE were analyzed.The present study provided evidence that rs117026326 and rs73366469 were both associated with SLE susceptibility (both C vs T: P < .001). The analysis of dominant, recessive disease model provided us with further validation (P < .001). Both gene polymorphisms are associated with a triad of disease manifestations among SLE patients. Patients carrying genotype TT of rs117026326 had lower 24-hour urinary total protein (24 hours UTP, g/24 hours), 24-hour urinary protein level (g/L·24 hours), lower frequency of the proteinuria and lupus nephritis (LN). Patients carrying genotype TT at rs73366469 had higher 24-hour urinary protein level, higher frequency of the proteinuria, LN and positive anti-dsDNA than those with other genotypes.This study identified the involvement of GTF2I gene polymorphisms in development of SLE, particularly in renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan
| | - Yao He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan
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Hayakawa K, Li YS, Shinton SA, Bandi SR, Formica AM, Brill-Dashoff J, Hardy RR. Crucial Role of Increased Arid3a at the Pre-B and Immature B Cell Stages for B1a Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 30930899 PMCID: PMC6428705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lin28b+Let7− axis in fetal/neonatal development plays a role in promoting CD5+ B1a cell generation as a B-1 B cell developmental outcome. Here we identify the Let7 target, Arid3a, as a crucial molecular effector of the B-1 cell developmental program. Arid3a expression is increased at pro-B cell stage and markedly increased at pre-B and immature B cell stages in the fetal/neonatal liver B-1 development relative to that in the Lin28b−Let7+ adult bone marrow (BM) B-2 cell development. Analysis of B-lineage restricted Lin28b transgenic (Tg) mice, Arid3a knockout and Arid3a Tg mice, confirmed that increased Arid3a allows B cell generation without requiring surrogate light chain (SLC) associated pre-BCR stage, and prevents MHC class II cell expression at the pre-B and newly generated immature B cell stages, distinct from pre-BCR dependent B development with MHC class II in adult BM. Moreover, Arid3a plays a crucial role in supporting B1a cell generation. The increased Arid3a leads higher Myc and Bhlhe41, and lower Siglec-G and CD72 at the pre-B and immature B cell stages than normal adult BM, to allow BCR signaling induced B1a cell generation. Arid3a-deficiency selectively blocks the development of B1a cells, while having no detectable effect on CD5− B1b, MZ B, and FO B cell generation resembling B-2 development outcome. Conversely, enforced expression of Arid3a by transgene is sufficient to promote the development of B1a cells from adult BM. Under the environment change between birth to adult, altered BCR repertoire in increased B1a cells occurred generated from adult BM. However, crossed with B1a-restricted VH/D/J IgH knock-in mice allowed to confirm that SLC-unassociated B1a cell increase and CLL/lymphoma generation can occur in aged from Arid3a increased adult BM. These results confirmed that in fetal/neonatal normal mice, increased Arid3a at the pre-B cell and immature B cell stages is crucial for generating B1a cells together with the environment for self-ligand reactive BCR selection, B1a cell maintenance, and potential for development of CLL/Lymphoma in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Xie JL, Liu J, Lian ZY, Chen HX, Shi ZY, Zhang Q, Feng HR, Du Q, Miao XH, Zhou HY. Association of GTF2IRD1-GTF2I polymorphisms with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Han Chinese patients. Neural Regen Res 2018; 14:346-353. [PMID: 30531019 PMCID: PMC6301177 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants at the GTF2I repeat domain containing 1 (GTF2IRD1)–GTF2I locus are associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous studies have indicated that this susceptibility locus is shared by multiple autoimmune diseases. However, until now there were no studies of the correlation between GTF2IRD1–GTF2I polymorphisms and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). This case control study assessed this association by recruiting 305 participants with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and 487 healthy controls at the Department of Neurology, from September 2014 to April 2017. Peripheral blood was collected, DNA extracteds and the genetic association between GTF2IRD1–GTF2I polymorphisms and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in the Chinese Han population was analyzed by genotyping. We found that the T allele of rs117026326 was associated with an increased risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (odds ratio (OR) = 1.364, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.019–1.828; P = 0.037). This association persisted after stratification analysis for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG) positivity (OR = 1.397, 95% CI 1.021–1.912; P = 0.036) and stratification according to coexisting autoimmune diseases (OR = 1.446, 95% CI 1.072–1.952; P = 0.015). Furthermore, the CC genotype of rs73366469 was frequent in AQP4-IgG-seropositive patients (OR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.183–8.393, P = 0.022). In conclusion, the T allele of rs117026326 was associated with susceptibility to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and the CC genotype of rs73366469 conferred susceptibility to AQP4-IgG-seropositivity in Han Chinese patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (approval number: 2016-31) on March 2, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lu Xie
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Lian
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Yan Shi
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ru Feng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Miao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Ratliff ML, Garton J, Garman L, Barron MD, Georgescu C, White KA, Chakravarty E, Wren JD, Montgomery CG, James JA, Webb CF. ARID3a gene profiles are strongly associated with human interferon alpha production. J Autoimmun 2018; 96:158-167. [PMID: 30297159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) causes inflammatory responses to pathogens, and can be elevated in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously reported unexpected associations of increased numbers of B lymphocytes expressing the DNA-binding protein ARID3a with both IFN alpha (IFNα) expression and increased disease activity in SLE. Here, we determined that IFNα producing low density neutrophils (LDNs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from SLE patients exhibit strong associations between ARID3a protein expression and IFNα production. Moreover, SLE disease activity indices correlate most strongly with percentages of ARID3a+ LDNs, but were also associated, less significantly, with IFNα expression in LDNs and pDCs. Hierarchical clustering and transcriptome analyses of LDNs and pDCs revealed SLE patients with low ARID3a expression cluster with healthy controls and identified gene profiles associated with increased proportions of ARID3a- and IFNα-expressing cells of each type. These data identify ARID3a as a potential transcription regulator of IFNα-related inflammatory responses and other pathways important for SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Garton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M David Barron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A White
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology, and Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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He JS, Subramaniam S, Narang V, Srinivasan K, Saunders SP, Carbajo D, Wen-Shan T, Hidayah Hamadee N, Lum J, Lee A, Chen J, Poidinger M, Zolezzi F, Lafaille JJ, Curotto de Lafaille MA. IgG1 memory B cells keep the memory of IgE responses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 28935935 PMCID: PMC5608722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique differentiation of IgE cells suggests unconventional mechanisms of IgE memory. IgE germinal centre cells are transient, most IgE cells are plasma cells, and high affinity IgE is produced by the switching of IgG1 cells to IgE. Here we investigate the function of subsets of IgG1 memory B cells in IgE production and find that two subsets of IgG1 memory B cells, CD80+CD73+ and CD80-CD73-, contribute distinctively to the repertoires of high affinity pathogenic IgE and low affinity non-pathogenic IgE. Furthermore, repertoire analysis indicates that high affinity IgE and IgG1 plasma cells differentiate from rare CD80+CD73+ high affinity memory clones without undergoing further mutagenesis. By identifying the cellular origin of high affinity IgE and the clonal selection of high affinity memory B cells into the plasma cell fate, our findings provide fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of allergies, and on the mechanisms of antibody production in memory B cell responses.IgE is an important mediator of protective immunity as well as allergic reaction, but how high affinity IgE antibodies are produced in memory responses is not clear. Here the authors show that IgE can be generated via class-switch recombination in IgG1 memory B cells without additional somatic hypermutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shu He
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sharrada Subramaniam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Vipin Narang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | | | - Sean P Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Carbajo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Tsao Wen-Shan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nur Hidayah Hamadee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Galderma R&D, Les Templiers, 2400 route des Colles, Sophia Antipolis, 06410, Biot, France
| | - Juan J Lafaille
- Skirball Institute and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Ave, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Maria A Curotto de Lafaille
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, 10016, USA.
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13
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Song IW, Chen HC, Lin YF, Yang JH, Chang CC, Chou CT, Lee MTM, Chou YC, Chen CH, Chen YT, Chen CH, Wu JY. Identification of susceptibility gene associated with female primary Sjögren’s syndrome in Han Chinese by genome-wide association study. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1287-1294. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Interferon-α signaling promotes embryonic HSC maturation. Blood 2016; 128:204-16. [PMID: 27095787 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-689281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing mouse embryo, the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) and mature as they transit through the fetal liver (FL). Compared with FL and adult HSCs, AGM HSCs have reduced repopulation potential in irradiated adult transplant recipients but mechanisms underlying this deficiency in AGM HSCs are poorly understood. By co-expression gene network analysis, we deduced that AGM HSCs show lower levels of interferon-α (IFN-α)/Jak-Stat1-associated gene expression than FL HSCs. Treatment of AGM HSCs with IFN-α enhanced long-term hematopoietic engraftment and donor chimerism. Conversely, IFN-α receptor-deficient AGMs (Ifnαr1(-/-)), had significantly reduced donor chimerism. We identify adenine-thymine-rich interactive domain-3a (Arid3a), a factor essential for FL and B lymphopoiesis, as a key transcriptional co-regulator of IFN-α/Stat1 signaling. Arid3a occupies the genomic loci of Stat1 as well as several IFN-α effector genes, acting to regulate their expression. Accordingly, Arid3a(-/-) AGM HSCs had significantly reduced transplant potential, which was rescued by IFN-α treatment. Our results implicate the inflammatory IFN-α/Jak-Stat pathway in the developmental maturation of embryonic HSCs, whose manipulation may lead to increased potency of reprogrammed HSCs for transplantation.
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15
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Ratliff ML, Mishra M, Frank MB, Guthridge JM, Webb CF. The Transcription Factor ARID3a Is Important for In Vitro Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:614-23. [PMID: 26685208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the transcription factor ARID3a is expressed in a subset of human hematopoietic progenitor stem cells in both healthy individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Numbers of ARID3a(+) lupus hematopoietic stem progenitor cells were associated with increased production of autoreactive Abs when those cells were introduced into humanized mouse models. Although ARID3a/Bright knockout mice died in utero, they exhibited decreased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and erythrocytes, indicating that ARID3a is functionally important for hematopoiesis in mice. To explore the requirement for ARID3a for normal human hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell progenitors from human cord blood were subjected to both inhibition and overexpression of ARID3a in vitro. Inhibition of ARID3a resulted in decreased B lineage cell production accompanied by increases in cells with myeloid lineage markers. Overexpression of ARID3a inhibited both myeloid and erythroid differentiation. Additionally, inhibition of ARID3a in hematopoietic stem cells resulted in altered expression of transcription factors associated with hematopoietic lineage decisions. These results suggest that appropriate regulation of ARID3a is critical for normal development of both myeloid and B lineage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenu Mishra
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Mark B Frank
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | | | - Carol F Webb
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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16
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Contribution of Genetic Factors to Sjögren's Syndrome and Sjögren's Syndrome Related Lymphomagenesis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:754825. [PMID: 26550578 PMCID: PMC4624885 DOI: 10.1155/2015/754825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to summarize the current evidence related to the contributory role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and SS-related lymphoma. Genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus previously considered conferring increased susceptibility to SS development have been also revealed as important contributors in recent genome wide association studies. Moreover, genetic variations outside the MHC locus involving genes in type I interferon pathway, NF-κB signaling, B- and T-cell function and methylation processes have been shown to be associated with both SS and SS-related lymphoma development. Appreciating the functional implications of SS-related genetic variants could provide further insights into our understanding of SS heterogeneity, allowing the design of tailored therapeutic interventions.
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17
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Ward JM, Rose K, Montgomery C, Adrianto I, James JA, Merrill JT, Webb CF. Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with expression of the transcription factor AT-rich-interactive domain 3A. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3404-12. [PMID: 25185498 DOI: 10.1002/art.38857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and multifactorial autoimmune disease with striking clinical, immunologic, and genetic heterogeneity, despite nearly ubiquitous antinuclear antibody (ANA) production. Multiple gene polymorphisms have been associated with the disease, but these individually account for only a very small percentage of overall SLE risk. In earlier studies, constitutive expression of the DNA-binding protein AT-rich-interactive domain 3A (ARID3a) in transgenic mouse B lymphocyte lineage cells led to spontaneous ANA production and preferential development of B cells associated with production of polyreactive antibodies. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine whether ARID3a was overexpressed in B lymphocytes of SLE patients and whether ARID3a expression was associated with disease severity. METHODS A cross-section of SLE patients, rheumatoid arthritis patients, and age- and sex-matched controls was analyzed longitudinally for lupus disease activity, numbers of ARID3a+ peripheral blood mononuclear B cells from multiple B cell subsets, and immunoglobulin and cytokine levels. RESULTS Fifty of 115 SLE patients (43%) had dramatically increased numbers of ARID3a+ B cells compared to healthy controls. ARID3a was not expressed in naive B cells of healthy controls, but was abundant in these precursors of antibody-secreting cells in SLE patients. Total numbers of ARID3a+ B cells correlated with increased disease activity as defined by SLE Disease Activity Index scores in individuals assessed at 3 time points. CONCLUSION These findings identify B cell anomalies in SLE that allow stratification of patient samples based on ARID3a expression and implicate ARID3a as a potential marker of CD19+ B lymphocytes correlated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Ward
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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18
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Ratliff ML, Ward JM, Merrill JT, James JA, Webb CF. Differential expression of the transcription factor ARID3a in lupus patient hematopoietic progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:940-9. [PMID: 25535283 PMCID: PMC4297684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are used for transplantation, characterization of the multiple subsets within this population in humans has lagged behind similar studies in mice. We found that expression of the DNA-binding protein, ARID3a, in mouse stem cells was important for normal development of hematopoietic lineages; however, progenitors expressing ARID3a in humans have not been defined. We previously showed increased numbers of ARID3a(+) B cells in nearly half of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and total numbers of ARID3a(+) B cells were associated with increased disease severity. Because expression of ARID3a in those SLE patients occurred throughout all B cell subsets, we hypothesized that ARID3a expression in patient HSPCs might also be increased relative to expression in healthy controls. Our data now show that ARID3a expression is not limited to any defined subset of HSPCs in either healthy controls or SLE patients. Numbers of ARID3a(+) HSPCs in SLE patients were increased over numbers of ARID3a(+) cells in healthy controls. Although all SLE-derived HSPCs exhibited poor colony formation in vitro compared with controls, SLE HSPCs with high numbers of ARID3a(+) cells yielded increased numbers of cells expressing the early progenitor marker, CD34. SLE HSPCs with high numbers of ARID3a(+) cells also more readily generated autoantibody-producing cells than HSPCs with lower levels of ARID3a in a humanized mouse model. These data reveal new functions for ARID3a in early hematopoiesis and suggest that knowledge regarding ARID3a levels in HSPCs could be informative for applications requiring transplantation of those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ratliff
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Julie M Ward
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Judith A James
- Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Carol F Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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19
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Corneth OBJ, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Hendriks RW. BTK Signaling in B Cell Differentiation and Autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 393:67-105. [PMID: 26341110 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the original identification of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as the gene defective in the primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in 1993, our knowledge on the physiological function of BTK has expanded impressively. In this review, we focus on the role of BTK during B cell differentiation in vivo, both in the regulation of expansion and in the developmental progression of pre-B cells in the bone marrow and as a crucial signal transducer of signals downstream of the IgM or IgG B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in mature B cells governing proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In particular, we highlight BTK function in B cells in the context of host defense and autoimmunity. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have very recently shown impressive anti-tumor activity in clinical studies in patients with various B cell malignancies. Since promising effects of BTK inhibition were also seen in experimental animal models for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, BTK may be a good target for controlling autoreactive B cells in patients with systemic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G J Klein Wolterink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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BTK inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a glimpse to the future. Oncogene 2014; 34:2426-36. [PMID: 24954503 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with inhibitors targeting B cell receptor signaling and other survival mechanisms holds great promise. Especially the early clinical success of Ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), has received widespread attention. In this review we will focus on the fundamental and clinical aspects of BTK inhibitors in CLL, with emphasis on Ibrutinib as the best studied of this class of drugs. Furthermore, we summarize recent laboratory as well as clinical findings relating to the first cases of Ibrutinib resistance. Finally, we address combination strategies with Ibrutinib, and attempt to extrapolate its current status to the near future in the clinic.
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21
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Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and functions as an important regulator of cell proliferation and cell survival in various B cell malignancies. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have shown antitumour activity in animal models and, recently, in clinical studies. High response rates were reported in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Remarkably, BTK inhibitors have molecular effects that cannot be explained by the classic role of BTK in BCR signalling. In this Review, we highlight the importance of BTK in various signalling pathways in the context of its therapeutic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saravanan Yuvaraj
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Kil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Ratliff ML, Templeton TD, Ward JM, Webb CF. The Bright Side of Hematopoiesis: Regulatory Roles of ARID3a/Bright in Human and Mouse Hematopoiesis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:113. [PMID: 24678314 PMCID: PMC3958700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID3a/Bright is a DNA-binding protein that was originally discovered for its ability to increase immunoglobulin transcription in antigen-activated B cells. It interacts with DNA as a dimer through its ARID, or A/T-rich interacting domain. In association with other proteins, ARID3a increased transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and led to improved chromatin accessibility of the heavy chain enhancer. Constitutive expression of ARID3a in B lineage cells resulted in autoantibody production, suggesting its regulation is important. Abnormal ARID3a expression has also been associated with increased proliferative capacity and malignancy. Roles for ARID3a in addition to interactions with the immunoglobulin locus were suggested by transgenic and knockout mouse models. Over-expression of ARID3a resulted in skewing of mature B cell subsets and altered gene expression patterns of follicular B cells, whereas loss of function resulted in loss of B1 lineage B cells and defects in hematopoiesis. More recent studies showed that loss of ARID3a in adult somatic cells promoted developmental plasticity, alterations in gene expression patterns, and lineage fate decisions. Together, these data suggest new regulatory roles for ARID3a. The genes influenced by ARID3a are likely to play pivotal roles in lineage decisions, highlighting the importance of this understudied transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ratliff
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Troy D Templeton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Julie M Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
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23
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Song M, Kim H, Kim WK, Hong SP, Lee C, Kim H. High expression of AT-rich interactive domain 3A (ARID3A) is associated with good prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21 Suppl 4:S481-9. [PMID: 24366420 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AT-rich interactive domain 3A (ARID3A) is a member of the ARID family of DNA-binding proteins. Previous reports have shown that ARID3A controls cell growth in a p53-dependent manner. Recently, it has been reported that expression of the ARID3A protein was markedly increased in colon cancer tissue compared with matched normal colonic mucosa. However, little is currently known about the role of ARID3A in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of ARID3A expression in CRC. METHODS We examined ARID3A expression in 690 CRC patients using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the impact of ARID3A expression on overall survival. RESULTS Of the 690 cases, 195 tumors were strongly positive for ARID3A, 187 were weakly positive, and 308 were negative. ARID3A expression in CRC was significantly correlated with age, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stage, status of microsatellite instability, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels. The overall survival of CRC patients with strong ARID3A expression was significantly longer than that of patients with weak or negative ARID3A expression. We also performed an additional survival analysis on 388 colon cancer patients and 302 rectal cancer patients. In doing so, a favorable prognostic effect of ARID3A expression was revealed only in the colon cancer group (p = 0.002), not in rectal cancer. Moreover, we showed that the effect of ARID3A on the survival was correlated with p53 status. Using multivariate analysis, we found that strong expression of ARID3A was an independent predictor for better prognosis in CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that strong expression of ARID3A may predict a good prognosis in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Song
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Akinleye A, Furqan M, Adekunle O. Ibrutinib and indolent B-cell lymphomas. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 14:253-60. [PMID: 24445187 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas fail to achieve complete remission with current treatment approaches and invariably relapse. During the past decade, innovative immunochemotherapy strategies have substantially improved disease control rates but not survival, thus providing the rationale for development of novel agents targeting dysregulated pathways that are operable in these hematological malignancies. Ibrutinib, a novel first-in-human Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, has progressed into phase III trials after early-phase clinical studies demonstrated effective target inhibition, increased tumor response rates, and significant improvement in survival, particularly in patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas. Recently, the compound was designated a "breakthrough therapy" by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. This review summarizes recent achievements of ibrutinib, with a focus on its emerging role in the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY; Department of Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY.
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Oluwaseyi Adekunle
- Department of Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY
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Akinleye A, Chen Y, Mukhi N, Song Y, Liu D. Ibrutinib and novel BTK inhibitors in clinical development. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:59. [PMID: 23958373 PMCID: PMC3751776 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors targeting dysregulated pathways (RAS/RAF/MEK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT) have significantly improved clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Recently Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a crucial terminal kinase enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, has emerged as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Ibrutinib, a novel first-in-human BTK-inhibitor, has demonstrated clinical effectiveness and tolerability in early clinical trials and has progressed into phase III trials. However, additional research is necessary to identify the optimal dosing schedule, as well as patients most likely to benefit from BTK inhibition. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical development of ibrutinib and other novel BTK inhibitors (GDC-0834, CGI-560, CGI-1746, HM-71224, CC-292, and ONO-4059, CNX-774, LFM-A13) in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Yamei Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Hematology, Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nikhil Mukhi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Yongping Song
- Institute of Hematology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
- Institute of Hematology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Newman RH, Hu J, Rho HS, Xie Z, Woodard C, Neiswinger J, Cooper C, Shirley M, Clark HM, Hu S, Hwang W, Seop Jeong J, Wu G, Lin J, Gao X, Ni Q, Goel R, Xia S, Ji H, Dalby KN, Birnbaum MJ, Cole PA, Knapp S, Ryazanov AG, Zack DJ, Blackshaw S, Pawson T, Gingras AC, Desiderio S, Pandey A, Turk BE, Zhang J, Zhu H, Qian J. Construction of human activity-based phosphorylation networks. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 9:655. [PMID: 23549483 PMCID: PMC3658267 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of human phosphorylation networks has not been systematically explored, representing vast, unchartered territories within cellular signaling networks. Although a large number of in vivo phosphorylated residues have been identified by mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches, assigning the upstream kinases to these residues requires biochemical analysis of kinase-substrate relationships (KSRs). Here, we developed a new strategy, called CEASAR, based on functional protein microarrays and bioinformatics to experimentally identify substrates for 289 unique kinases, resulting in 3656 high-quality KSRs. We then generated consensus phosphorylation motifs for each of the kinases and integrated this information, along with information about in vivo phosphorylation sites determined by MS, to construct a high-resolution map of phosphorylation networks that connects 230 kinases to 2591 in vivo phosphorylation sites in 652 substrates. The value of this data set is demonstrated through the discovery of a new role for PKA downstream of Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) during B-cell receptor signaling. Overall, these studies provide global insights into kinase-mediated signaling pathways and promise to advance our understanding of cellular signaling processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Newman
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jianfei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hee-Sool Rho
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Crystal Woodard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Neiswinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Shirley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hillary M Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaohui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Woochang Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Seop Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jimmy Lin
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiang Ni
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sol H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tony Pawson
- Centre for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Centre for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Desiderio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sol H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Roy AL. Biochemistry and biology of the inducible multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I: 10 years later. Gene 2011; 492:32-41. [PMID: 22037610 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exactly twenty years ago TFII-I was discovered as a biochemical entity that was able to bind to and function via a core promoter element called the Initiator (Inr). Since then several different properties of this signal-induced multifunctional factor were discovered. Here I update these ever expanding functions of TFII-I--focusing primarily on the last ten years since the first review appeared in this journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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28
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Oldham AL, Miner CA, Wang HC, Webb CF. The transcription factor Bright plays a role in marginal zone B lymphocyte development and autoantibody production. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:367-79. [PMID: 21963220 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous data suggested that constitutive expression of the transcription factor Bright (B cell regulator of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcription), normally tightly regulated during B cell differentiation, was associated with autoantibody production. Here we show that constitutive Bright expression results in skewing of mature B lineage subpopulations toward marginal zone cells at the expense of the follicular subpopulation. C57Bl/6 transgenic mice constitutively expressing Bright in B lineage cells generated autoantibodies that were not the result of global increases in immunoglobulin or of breaches in key tolerance checkpoints typically defective in other autoimmune mouse models. Rather, autoimmunity correlated with increased numbers of marginal zone B cells and alterations in the phenotype and gene expression profiles of lymphocytes within the follicular B cell compartment. These data suggest a novel role for Bright in the normal development of mature B cell subsets and in autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athenia L Oldham
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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29
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Characterization of a new ARID family transcription factor (Brightlike/ARID3C) that co-activates Bright/ARID3A-mediated immunoglobulin gene transcription. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:260-72. [PMID: 21955986 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two members, Bright/ARID3A and Bdp/ARID3B, of the ARID (AT-Rich Interaction Domain) transcription family are distinguished by their ability to specifically bind to DNA and to self-associate via a second domain, REKLES. Bright and Bdp positively regulate immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) transcription by binding to AT-rich motifs within Matrix Associating Regions (MARs) residing within a subset of V(H) promoters and the Eμ intronic enhancer. In addition, REKLES provides Bright nuclear export function, and a small pool of Bright is directed to plasma membrane sub-domains/lipid rafts where it associates with and modulates signaling of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Here, we characterize a third, highly conserved, physically condensed ARID3 locus, Brightlike/ARID3C. Brightlike encodes two alternatively spliced, SUMO-I-modified isoforms that include or exclude (Δ6) the REKLES-encoding exon 6. Brightlike transcripts and proteins are expressed preferentially within B lineage lymphocytes and coordinate with highest Bright expression in activated follicular B cells. Brightlike, but not BrightlikeΔ6, undergoes nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling with a fraction localizing within lipid rafts following BCR stimulation. Brightlike, but not BrightlikeΔ6, associates with Bright in solution, at common DNA binding sites in vitro, and is enriched at Bright binding sites in chromatin. Although possessing little transactivation capacity of its own, Brightlike significantly co-activates Bright-dependent IgH transcription with maximal activity mediated by the unsumoylated form. In sum, this report introduces Brightlike as an additional functional member of the family of ARID proteins, which should be considered in regulatory circuits, previously ascribed to be mediated by Bright.
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30
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Roy AL, Sen R, Roeder RG. Enhancer-promoter communication and transcriptional regulation of Igh. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:532-9. [PMID: 21855411 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic protein-coding genes requires the participation of site-specific transcription factors that bind distal regulatory elements, as well as factors that, together with RNA polymerase II, form the basal transcription machinery at the core promoter. Gene regulation requires proper communication between promoters and enhancers, often over great distances. Therefore, it is important to understand the potentially inter-related transcription factor interactions at both of these elements. How this is achieved on tissue-specific genes, such as the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) in B cells remains unclear. Here, we review known interactions at the Igh variable region (V(H)) promoters and present our perspective on promoter-enhancer interactions that are likely important for Ig gene regulation in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- Program in Immunology, Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Ren X, Siegel R, Kim U, Roeder RG. Direct interactions of OCA-B and TFII-I regulate immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene transcription by facilitating enhancer-promoter communication. Mol Cell 2011; 42:342-55. [PMID: 21549311 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell-specific coactivator OCA-B, together with Oct-1/2, binds to octamer sites in promoters and enhancers to activate transcription of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, although the mechanisms underlying their roles in enhancer-promoter communication are unknown. Here, we demonstrate a direct interaction of OCA-B with transcription factor TFII-I, which binds to DICE elements in Igh promoters, that affects transcription at two levels. First, OCA-B relieves HDAC3-mediated Igh promoter repression by competing with HDAC3 for binding to promoter-bound TFII-I. Second, and most importantly, Igh 3' enhancer-bound OCA-B and promoter-bound TFII-I mediate promoter-enhancer interactions, in both cis and trans, that are important for Igh transcription. These and other results reveal an important function for OCA-B in Igh 3' enhancer function in vivo and strongly favor an enhancer mechanism involving looping and facilitated factor recruitment rather than a tracking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Ren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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32
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Grandjean M, Girod PA, Calabrese D, Kostyrko K, Wicht M, Yerly F, Mazza C, Beckmann JS, Martinet D, Mermod N. High-level transgene expression by homologous recombination-mediated gene transfer. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e104. [PMID: 21652640 PMCID: PMC3159483 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer and expression in eukaryotes is often limited by a number of stably maintained gene copies and by epigenetic silencing effects. Silencing may be limited by the use of epigenetic regulatory sequences such as matrix attachment regions (MAR). Here, we show that successive transfections of MAR-containing vectors allow a synergistic increase of transgene expression. This finding is partly explained by an increased entry into the cell nuclei and genomic integration of the DNA, an effect that requires both the MAR element and iterative transfections. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis often showed single integration events, indicating that DNAs introduced in successive transfections could recombine. High expression was also linked to the cell division cycle, so that nuclear transport of the DNA occurs when homologous recombination is most active. Use of cells deficient in either non-homologous end-joining or homologous recombination suggested that efficient integration and expression may require homologous recombination-based genomic integration of MAR-containing plasmids and the lack of epigenetic silencing events associated with tandem gene copies. We conclude that MAR elements may promote homologous recombination, and that cells and vectors can be engineered to take advantage of this property to mediate highly efficient gene transfer and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Grandjean
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology UNIL-EPFL, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Casanova JC, Uribe V, Badia-Careaga C, Giovinazzo G, Torres M, Sanz-Ezquerro JJ. Apical ectodermal ridge morphogenesis in limb development is controlled by Arid3b-mediated regulation of cell movements. Development 2011; 138:1195-205. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.057570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a specialized epithelium located at the distal edge of the limb bud that directs outgrowth along the proximodistal axis. Although the molecular basis for its function is well known, the cellular mechanisms that lead to its maturation are not fully understood. Here, we show that Arid3b, a member of the ARID family of transcriptional regulators, is expressed in the AER in mouse and chick embryos, and that interference with its activity leads to aberrant AER development, in which normal structure is not achieved. This happens without alterations in cell numbers or gene expression in main signalling pathways. Cells that are defective in Arid3b show an abnormal distribution of the actin cytoskeleton and decreased motility in vitro. Moreover, movements of pre-AER cells and their contribution to the AER were defective in vivo in embryos with reduced Arid3b function. Our results show that Arid3b is involved in the regulation of cell motility and rearrangements that lead to AER maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus C. Casanova
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Veronica Uribe
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Claudio Badia-Careaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Sanz-Ezquerro
- Department of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
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The ARID family transcription factor bright is required for both hematopoietic stem cell and B lineage development. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:1041-53. [PMID: 21199920 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01448-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bright/Arid3a has been characterized both as an activator of immunoglobulin heavy-chain transcription and as a proto-oncogene. Although Bright expression is highly B lineage stage restricted in adult mice, its expression in the earliest identifiable hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population suggests that Bright might have additional functions. We showed that >99% of Bright(-/-) embryos die at midgestation from failed hematopoiesis. Bright(-/-) embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) fetal livers showed an increase in the expression of immature markers. Colony-forming assays indicated that the hematopoietic potential of Bright(-/-) mice is markedly reduced. Rare survivors of lethality, which were not compensated by the closely related paralogue Bright-derived protein (Bdp)/Arid3b, suffered HSC deficits in their bone marrow as well as B lineage-intrinsic developmental and functional deficiencies in their peripheries. These include a reduction in a natural antibody, B-1 responses to phosphocholine, and selective T-dependent impairment of IgG1 class switching. Our results place Bright/Arid3a on a select list of transcriptional regulators required to program both HSC and lineage-specific differentiation.
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35
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Makeyev AV, Bayarsaihan D. Molecular Basis of Williams-Beuren Syndrome: TFII-I Regulated Targets Involved in Craniofacial Development. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2011; 48:109-16. [DOI: 10.1597/09-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to identify gene targets of TFII-I transcription factors involved in craniofacial development. Design Recent findings in individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome who show facial dysmorphism and cognitive defects have pointed to TFII-I genes ( GTF2I and GTF2IRD1) as the prime candidates responsible for these clinical features. However, TFII-I proteins are multifunctional transcriptional factors regulating a number of genes during development, and how their haploinsufficiency leads to the Williams-Beuren syndrome phenotype is currently unknown. Results Here we report the identification of three genes with a well-established relevance to craniofacial development as direct TFII-I targets. These genes, craniofacial development protein 1 ( Cfdp1), Sec23 homolog A ( Sec23a), and nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 ( Nsd1), contain consensus TFII-I binding sites in their proximal promoters; the chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TFII-I transcription factors are recruited to these sites in vivo. Conclusions The results suggest that transcriptional regulation of these genes by TFII-I proteins could provide a possible genotype-phenotype link in Williams-Beuren syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V. Makeyev
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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36
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An G, Miner CA, Nixon JC, Kincade PW, Bryant J, Tucker PW, Webb CF. Loss of Bright/ARID3a function promotes developmental plasticity. Stem Cells 2010; 28:1560-7. [PMID: 20680960 DOI: 10.1002/stem.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
B-cell regulator of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcription (Bright)/ARID3a, an A+T-rich interaction domain protein, was originally discovered in B lymphocyte lineage cells. However, expression patterns and high lethality levels in knockout mice suggested that it had additional functions. Three independent lines of evidence show that functional inhibition of Bright results in increased developmental plasticity. Bright-deficient cells from two mouse models expressed a number of pluripotency-associated gene products, expanded indefinitely, and spontaneously differentiated into cells of multiple lineages. Furthermore, direct knockdown of human Bright resulted in colonies capable of expressing multiple lineage markers. These data suggest that repression of this single molecule confers adult somatic cells with new developmental options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu An
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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37
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Uckun FM, Qazi S. Bruton's tyrosine kinase as a molecular target in treatment of leukemias and lymphomas as well as inflammatory disorders and autoimmunity. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1457-70. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.517750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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38
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39
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Mohamed AJ, Yu L, Bäckesjö CM, Vargas L, Faryal R, Aints A, Christensson B, Berglöf A, Vihinen M, Nore BF, Smith CIE. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk): function, regulation, and transformation with special emphasis on the PH domain. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:58-73. [PMID: 19290921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase important in B-lymphocyte development, differentiation, and signaling. Btk is a member of the Tec family of kinases. Mutations in the Btk gene lead to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Activation of Btk triggers a cascade of signaling events that culminates in the generation of calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In B cells, NF-kappaB was shown to bind to the Btk promoter and induce transcription, whereas the B-cell receptor-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway requires functional Btk. Moreover, Btk activation is tightly regulated by a plethora of other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP5, and caveolin-1. For example, the prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates Btk by decreasing tyrosine phosphorylation and steady state levels of Btk. It is intriguing that PKC and Pin1, both of which are negative regulators, bind to the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk. To this end, we describe here novel mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain investigated for their transforming capacity. In particular, we show that the mutant D43R behaves similar to E41K, already known to possess such activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla J Mohamed
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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40
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Signalling of the BCR is regulated by a lipid rafts-localised transcription factor, Bright. EMBO J 2009; 28:711-24. [PMID: 19214191 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of BCR signalling strength is crucial for B-cell development and function. Bright is a B-cell-restricted factor that complexes with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and its substrate, transcription initiation factor-I (TFII-I), to activate immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transcription in the nucleus. Here we show that a palmitoylated pool of Bright is diverted to lipid rafts of resting B cells where it associates with signalosome components. After BCR ligation, Bright transiently interacts with sumoylation enzymes, blocks calcium flux and phosphorylation of Btk and TFII-I and is then discharged from lipid rafts as a Sumo-I-modified form. The resulting lipid raft concentration of Bright contributes to the signalling threshold of B cells, as their sensitivity to BCR stimulation decreases as the levels of Bright increase. Bright regulates signalling independent of its role in IgH transcription, as shown by specific dominant-negative titration of rafts-specific forms. This study identifies a BCR tuning mechanism in lipid rafts that is regulated by differential post-translational modification of a transcription factor with implications for B-cell tolerance and autoimmunity.
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41
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Nixon JC, Ferrell S, Miner C, Oldham AL, Hochgeschwender U, Webb CF. Transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative bright exhibit defects in B1 B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:6913-22. [PMID: 18981111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.6913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Bright up-regulates Ig H chain production from select V region promoters and requires Bright dimerization, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), and the Btk substrate, TFII-I, for this activity. Defects in Btk cause X-linked immunodeficiency disease in mice and humans. Btk-deficient mice exhibit decreased serum IgM production, B cell developmental blocks, absence of peritoneal B1 cells, and subnormal immune responses against Ags, including phosphorylcholine, which confer protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative Bright share similarities with Btk-deficient mice, including decreased serum IgM, poor anti-phosphorylcholine responses, and slightly reduced numbers of mature B cells. Although dominant-negative Bright mice developed B1 B cells, these were functionally deficient in Ig secretion. These data suggest a mechanistic explanation for the abnormal responses to phosphorylcholine observed in Btk-deficient mice, and indicate that Bright functions in a subset of Btk-dependent pathways in vivo, particularly those responses dominated by B1 B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamee C Nixon
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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42
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Abstract
Although the principles governing chromosomal architecture are largely unresolved, there is evidence that higher-order chromatin folding is mediated by the anchoring of specific DNA sequences to the nuclear matrix. These genome anchors are also crucial regulators of gene expression and DNA replication, and play a role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ottaviani
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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43
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Shankar M, Nixon JC, Maier S, Workman J, Farris AD, Webb CF. Anti-nuclear antibody production and autoimmunity in transgenic mice that overexpress the transcription factor Bright. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:2996-3006. [PMID: 17312145 PMCID: PMC2705967 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The B cell-restricted transcription factor, B cell regulator of Ig(H) transcription (Bright), up-regulates Ig H chain transcription 3- to 7-fold in activated B cells in vitro. Bright function is dependent upon both active Bruton's tyrosine kinase and its substrate, the transcription factor, TFII-I. In mouse and human B lymphocytes, Bright transcription is down-regulated in mature B cells, and its expression is tightly regulated during B cell differentiation. To determine how Bright expression affects B cell development, transgenic mice were generated that express Bright constitutively in all B lineage cells. These mice exhibited increases in total B220(+) B lymphocyte lineage cells in the bone marrow, but the relative percentages of the individual subpopulations were not altered. Splenic immature transitional B cells were significantly expanded both in total cell numbers and as increased percentages of cells relative to other B cell subpopulations. Serum Ig levels, particularly IgG isotypes, were increased slightly in the Bright-transgenic mice compared with littermate controls. However, immunization studies suggest that responses to all foreign Ags were not increased globally. Moreover, 4-wk-old Bright-transgenic mice produced anti-nuclear Abs. Older animals developed Ab deposits in the kidney glomeruli, but did not succumb to further autoimmune sequelae. These data indicate that enhanced Bright expression results in failure to maintain B cell tolerance and suggest a previously unappreciated role for Bright regulation in immature B cells. Bright is the first B cell-restricted transcription factor demonstrated to induce autoimmunity. Therefore, the Bright transgenics provide a novel model system for future analyses of B cell autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Shankar
- Immunobiology and Cancer, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jamee C. Nixon
- Immunobiology and Cancer, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shannon Maier
- Arthritis and Immunology Programs, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer Workman
- Arthritis and Immunology Programs, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - A. Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Immunology Programs, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carol F. Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cell Biology Department, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Lin D, Ippolito GC, Zong RT, Bryant J, Koslovsky J, Tucker P. Bright/ARID3A contributes to chromatin accessibility of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:23. [PMID: 17386101 PMCID: PMC1852116 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bright/ARID3A is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor that stimulates immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) expression and Cyclin E1/E2F-dependent cell cycle progression. Bright positively activates IgH transcriptional initiation by binding to ATC-rich P sites within nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) flanking the IgH intronic enhancer (Eμ). Over-expression of Bright in cultured B cells was shown to correlate with DNase hypersensitivity of Eμ. We report here further efforts to analyze Bright-mediated Eμ enhancer activation within the physiological constraints of chromatin. A system was established in which VH promoter-driven in vitro transcription on chromatin- reconstituted templates was responsive to Eμ. Bright assisted in blocking the general repression caused by nucleosome assembly but was incapable of stimulating transcription from prebound nucleosome arrays. In vitro transcriptional derepression by Bright was enhanced on templates in which Eμ is flanked by MARs and was inhibited by competition with high affinity Bright binding (P2) sites. DNase hypersensitivity of chromatin-reconstituted Eμ was increased when prepackaged with B cell nuclear extract supplemented with Bright. These results identify Bright as a contributor to accessibility of the IgH enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjuan Lin
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rui-Ting Zong
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - James Bryant
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Janet Koslovsky
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Tucker
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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