1
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Young O, Ngo N, Lin L, Stanbery L, Creeden JF, Hamouda D, Nemunaitis J. Folate Receptor as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors. Curr Probl Cancer 2023; 47:100917. [PMID: 36508886 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Folate is a B vitamin necessary for basic biological functions, including rapid cell turnover occurring in cancer cell proliferation. Though the role of folate as a causative versus protective agent in carcinogenesis is debated, several studies have indicated that the folate receptor (FR), notably subtype folate receptor alpha (FRα), could be a viable biomarker for diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. Several cancers, including gastrointestinal, gynecological, breast, lung, and squamous cell head and neck cancers overexpress FR and are currently under investigation to correlate receptor status to disease state. Traditional chemotherapies have included antifolate medications, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed, which generate anticancer activity during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. Increasingly, the repertoire of pharmacotherapies is expanding to include FR as a target, with a heterogenous pool of directed therapies. Here we discuss the FR, expression and effect in cancer biology, and relevant pharmacologic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Nealie Ngo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Leslie Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | | | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Danae Hamouda
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
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2
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Peerzade SAMA, Qin X, Laroche FJ, Palantavida S, Dokukin M, Feng H, Sokolov I. Ultrabright fluorescent silica nanoparticles for in vivo targeting of xenografted human tumors and cancer cells in zebrafish. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22316-22327. [PMID: 31724677 PMCID: PMC7384872 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New ultrabright fluorescent silica nanoparticles capable of the fast targeting of epithelial tumors in vivo are presented. The as-synthesized folate-functionalized ultrabright particles of 30-40 nm are 230 times brighter than quantum dots (QD450) and 50% brighter than the polymer dots with similar spectra (excitation 365 nm and emission 486 nm). To decrease non-specific targeting, particles are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). We demonstrate the in vivo targeting of xenographic human cervical epithelial tumors (HeLa cells) using zebrafish as a model system. The particles target tumors (and probably even individual HeLa cells) as small as 10-20 microns within 20-30 minutes after blood injection. To demonstrate the advantages of ultrabrightness, we repeated the experiments with similar but 200× less bright particles. Compared to those, ultrabright particles showed ∼3× faster tumor detection and ∼2× higher relative fluorescent contrast of tumors/cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrice J.F. Laroche
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shajesh Palantavida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Maxim Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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3
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Seah GL, Yu JH, Yang MY, Kim WJ, Kim JH, Park K, Cho JW, Kim JS, Nam YS. Low-power and low-drug-dose photodynamic chemotherapy via the breakdown of tumor-targeted micelles by reactive oxygen species. J Control Release 2018; 286:240-253. [PMID: 30071252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer agents using nanocarriers has been explored to increase the therapeutic index of cancer chemotherapy. However, only a few nanocarriers are clinically available because the physiological complexity often compromises their ability to target, penetrate, and control the release of drugs. Here, we report a method which dramatically increases in vivo therapeutic drug efficacy levels through the photodynamic degradation of tumor-targeted nanocarriers. Folate-decorated poly(ethylene glycol)-polythioketal micelles are prepared to encapsulate paclitaxel and porphyrins. Photo-excitation generates reactive oxygen species within the micelles to cleave the polythioketal backbone efficiently and facilitate drug release only at the illuminated tumor site. Intravenous injection of a murine xenograft model with a low dose of paclitaxel within the micelles, one-milligram drug per kg (mouse), corresponding to an amount less than that of Taxol by one order of magnitude, induces dramatic tumor regression without any acute systemic inflammation responses or organ toxicity under low-power irradiation (55 mW cm-2) at 650 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geok Leng Seah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Pathology Research Center, Department of Jeonbuk Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak-1-gil, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Pathology Research Center, Department of Jeonbuk Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak-1-gil, Jeongup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Seon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Hou Z, Gattoc L, O'Connor C, Yang S, Wallace-Povirk A, George C, Orr S, Polin L, White K, Kushner J, Morris RT, Gangjee A, Matherly LH. Dual Targeting of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Via Folate Receptor α and the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter with 6-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine Antifolates. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:819-830. [PMID: 28138029 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Folate uptake in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), both facilitative transporters and folate receptor (FR) α. Although in primary EOC specimens, FRα is widely expressed and increases with tumor stage, PCFT was expressed independent of tumor stage (by real-time RT-PCR and IHC). EOC cell line models, including cisplatin sensitive (IGROV1 and A2780) and resistant (SKOV3 and TOV112D) cells, expressed a 17-fold range of FRα and similar amounts (within ∼2-fold) of PCFT. Novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thienoyl antifolates AGF94 and AGF154 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities toward all of the EOC cell lines, reflecting selective cellular uptake by FRα and/or PCFT over RFC. When IGROV1 cells were pretreated with AGF94 at pH 6.8, clonogenicity was potently inhibited, confirming cell killing. FRα was knocked down in IGROV1 cells with lentiviral shRNAs. Two FRα knockdown clones (KD-4 and KD-10) showed markedly reduced binding and uptake of [3H]folic acid and [3H]AGF154 by FRα, but maintained high levels of [3H]AGF154 uptake by PCFT compared to nontargeted control cells. In proliferation assays, KD-4 and KD-10 cells preserved in vitro inhibition by AGF94 and AGF154, compared to a nontargeted control, attributable to residual FRα- and substantial PCFT-mediated uptake. KD-10 tumor xenografts in severe-compromised immune-deficient mice were likewise sensitive to AGF94 Collectively, our results demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates with dual targeting of PCFT and FRα toward EOCs that express a range of FRα, along with PCFT, as well as cisplatin resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 819-30. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Leda Gattoc
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Carrie O'Connor
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Si Yang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Christina George
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Steve Orr
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kathryn White
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Juiwanna Kushner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert T Morris
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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5
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Hu Y, Wang R, Wang S, Ding L, Li J, Luo Y, Wang X, Shen M, Shi X. Multifunctional Fe3O4 @ Au core/shell nanostars: a unique platform for multimode imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28325. [PMID: 27325015 PMCID: PMC4914846 DOI: 10.1038/srep28325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the development of multifunctional folic acid (FA)-targeted Fe3O4 @ Au nanostars (NSs) for targeted multi-mode magnetic resonance (MR)/computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. In this present work, citric acid-stabilized Fe3O4/Ag composite nanoparticles prepared by a mild reduction route were utilized as seeds and exposed to the Au growth solution to induce the formation of Fe3O4 @ Au core/shell NSs. Followed by successive decoration of thiolated polyethyleneimine (PEI-SH), FA via a polyethylene glycol spacer, and acetylation of the residual PEI amines, multifunctional Fe3O4 @ Au NSs were formed. The designed multifunctional NSs possess excellent colloidal stability, good cytocompatibility in a given concentration range, and specific recognition to cancer cells overexpressing FA receptors. Due to co-existence of Fe3O4 core and star-shaped Au shell, the NSs can be used for MR and CT imaging of tumors, respectively. Likewise, the near infrared plasmonic absorption feature also enables the NSs to be used for PA imaging and PTT of tumors. Our study clearly demonstrates a unique theranostic nanoplatform that can be used for high performance multi-mode imaging-guided PTT of tumors, which may be extendable for theranostics of different diseases in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shige Wang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai 200093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Liu J, Xu L, Jin Y, Qi C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Cell-Targeting Cationic Gene Delivery System Based on a Modular Design Rationale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14200-14210. [PMID: 27191222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
En route to target cells, a gene carrier faces multiple extra- and intracellular hurdles that would affect delivery efficacy. Although diverse strategies have been proposed to functionalize gene carriers for individually overcoming these barriers, it is challenging to generate a single multifunctional gene carrier capable of surmounting all these barriers. Aiming at this challenge, we have developed a supramolecular modular approach to fabricate a multifunctional cationic gene delivery system. It consists of two prefunctionalized modules: (1) a host module: a polymer (PCD-SS-PDMAEMA) composed of poly(β-cyclodextrin) backbone and disulfide-linked PDMAEMA arms, expectedly acting to compact DNA and release DNA upon cleavage of disulfide linkers in reductive microenvironment; and (2) a guest module: adamantyl and folate terminated PEG (Ad-PEG-FA), expectedly functioning to reduce nonspecific interactions, improve biocompatibility, and provide folate-mediated cellular targeting specificity. Through the host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin units of the "host" module and adamantyl groups of the "guest" module, the PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1 (host) and Ad-PEG-FA (guest) self-assemble forming a supramolecular pseudocopolymer (PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1/PEG-FA). Our comprehensive analyses demonstrate that the functions preassigned to the two building modules are well realized. The gene carrier effectively compacts DNA into stable nanosized polyplexes resistant to enzymatic digestion, triggers DNA release in reducing environment, possesses significantly improved hemocompatibility, and specifically targets folate-receptor positive cells. Most importantly, endowed with these predesigned functions, the PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1/PEG-FA supramolecular gene carrier exhibits excellent transfection efficacy for both pDNA and siRNA. Thus, this work represents a proof-of-concept example showing the efficiency and convenience of an adaptable, modular approach for conferring multiple functions to a single supramolecular gene carrier toward effective in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luming Xu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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7
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Peng Y, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhang H, Zuo W, Tang H, Chen F, Wang B. Size- and shape-dependent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles and their applications in highly efficient colorimetric detection of target cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12871-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FA- and FITC-labeled MnFe2O4 nanohybrid exhibits highly efficient colorimetric detection of target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital
- Lanzhou
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design
- Ministry of Education
- Lanzhou University Gansu
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design
- Ministry of Education
- Lanzhou University Gansu
| | - Haoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design
- Ministry of Education
- Lanzhou University Gansu
| | - Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design
- Ministry of Education
- Lanzhou University Gansu
| | - Huiang Tang
- Key Laboratory for New Molecule Material Design and Function of Tianshui Normal University
- Tianshui
- PR China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design
- Ministry of Education
- Lanzhou University Gansu
| | - Baodui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design
- Ministry of Education
- Lanzhou University Gansu
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8
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Zhang K, Zuo W, Wang Z, Liu J, Li T, Wang B, Yang Z. A simple route to CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with shape and size control and their tunable peroxidase-like activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new precursor-mediated growth of monodisperse magnetic CoFe2O4 NPs with controlled size and shape which exhibit size and shape dependent peroxidase like activity towards TMB in the presence of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tianrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Baodui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University Gansu
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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9
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Wang C, Qiao L, Yan H, Liu K. “One-pot” synthesis of well-defined functional copolymer and its application as tumor-targeting nanocarrier in drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
| | - Husheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Keliang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beijing 100850 China
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10
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Pan W, Yang H, Zhang T, Li Y, Li N, Tang B. Dual-Targeted Nanocarrier Based on Cell Surface Receptor and Intracellular mRNA: An Effective Strategy for Cancer Cell Imaging and Therapy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6930-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401405n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials
Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate
Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular
and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials
Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate
Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular
and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials
Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate
Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular
and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials
Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate
Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular
and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials
Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate
Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular
and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials
Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate
Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular
and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
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11
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Perna AF, Lanza D, Sepe I, Conzo G, Altucci L, Ingrosso D. Altered folate receptor 2 expression in uraemic patients on haemodialysis: implications for folate resistance. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1214-24. [PMID: 23439585 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate therapy reduces, but does not normalize homocysteine (Hcy) levels, frequently elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanisms of this folate resistance are unknown. Cellular acquisition of folate is mediated by folate receptors (FRs), whose expression is also modulated by folate status, through an Hcy-dependent regulation mechanism involving heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-E1 (hnRNP-E1). Our objective was to evaluate whether an alteration of the FR2 (the form present in nucleated blood cells) expression is present in CKD patients on haemodialysis (HD), and its susceptibility to folate treatment. METHODS A population of chronic uraemic patients on HD was enrolled, along with a control group, and studies on FR2 receptor expression and related items were performed in plasma and mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. A subgroup of patients was treated with methyltetrahydrofolate for 1 month. RESULTS In HD, there was a significant reduction in FR2 protein expression compared with controls, not correlated with Hcy concentrations, while its mRNA levels were significantly increased. After folate treatment, there was a significant mRNA decrease, in the absence of significant changes in receptor protein expression. hnRNP-E1 gene and protein expression levels increased pre-treatment, while decreased post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS In HD, FR2 expression is altered in peripheral mononuclear cells, since its levels are decreased and are not responsive to variations in Hcy concentration, while the intracellular machinery (receptor mRNA and hnRNP-E1), possibly triggering its regulation, is conserved. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of folate resistance in uraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Cardio-thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Liu J, Zhang W, Zhang H, Yang Z, Li T, Wang B, Huo X, Wang R, Chen H. A multifunctional nanoprobe based on Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles for multimodal and ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4938-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Chen YC, Chang WH, Wang SJ, Hsieh WY. Fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles with specific targeting functions for combinded targeting, optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1903-22. [PMID: 22024467 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x598329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxides nanoparticles possess specific magnetic properties to be an efficient contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the detection and characterization of tissue lesions within the body. To endow specific properties to nanoparticles that can target cancer cells and prevent recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), the surface of the nanoparticles was modified with folic-acid-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) (FA-PEG). In this study, we investigated the multifunctional fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (IOPFC) that can specifically target cancer cells and be monitored by both MRI and optical imaging. IOPFC consists of an iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticle conjugated with a layer of PEG, which was terminal modified with either Cypher5E or folic acid molecules. The core sizes of IOPFC nanoparticles are around 10 nm, which were visualized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The hysteresis curves, generated with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer analysis, demonstrated that IOPFC nanoparticles are superparamagnetic with insignificant hysteresis. IOPFC displays higher intracellular uptake into KB and MDA-MB-231 cells due to the over-expressed folate receptor. This result is confirmed by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) and atomic flow cytometry. Both in vitro and in vivo MRI studies show better IOPFC uptake by the KB cells (folate positive) than the HT1080 cells (folate negative) and, hence, stronger T 2-weighted signals enhancement. The in vivo fluorescent image recorded at 20 min post injection show strong fluorescence from IOPFC which can be observed around the tumor region. This multifunctional nanoparticle can assess the potential application of developing a magnetic nanoparticle system that combines tumor targeting, as well as MRI and optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chu Chen
- a Biomedical Thechnology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu , 31040 , Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Song Y, Shi W, Chen W, Li X, Ma H. Fluorescent carbon nanodots conjugated with folic acid for distinguishing folate-receptor-positive cancer cells from normal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Wu MS, Xu BY, Shi HW, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Electrochemiluminescence analysis of folate receptors on cell membrane with on-chip bipolar electrode. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2720-2724. [PMID: 21731961 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report a transparent bipolar electrode based microfluidic chip-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system for sensitive detection of folate receptors (FR) on cell membranes. This integrated system consists of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer containing a microchannel and a glass bottom sheet with indium tin oxide (ITO) strips as bipolar detectors. The ITO strips are fabricated using a PDMS micromold with carbon ink as a protective layer in place of traditional photoresist. The configuration of the bipolar electrode has great influence on the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/tripropylamine(TPA) system. Further studies show that folic acid (FA) can strongly inhibit the ECL of the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/TPA system. Based on specific recognition between FA and FR on cell membrane, this microfluidic chip-ECL system is successfully applied for detecting the level of FR on human cervical tumor (HL-60) cells and MEF cells. It is found that the ECL intensity increases with the number of HL-60 cells in the range of 21 to 3.28 × 10(4) cells/mL. The average level of FR on HL-60 cells is calculated to be 8.05 ± 0.75 × 10(-18) mol/cell. While for MEF cells, it shows a much slower ECL increment than HL-60 cells due to the much lower FR level on MEF cells (5.30 ± 0.61 × 10(-19) mol/cell). Moreover, exocytosis of FA after FR mediated endocytosis was observed according to the change of the ECL signal with the incubation time of HL-60 cells in the FA- Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/TPA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
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Sivakumaran S, Zhang J, Kelley KMM, Gonit M, Hao H, Ratnam M. Androgen activation of the folate receptor α gene through partial tethering of the androgen receptor by C/EBPα. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122:333-40. [PMID: 20817090 PMCID: PMC2964422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The folate receptor α (FRα) is critical for normal embryonic and fetal development. The receptor has a relatively narrow tissue specificity which includes the visceral endoderm and the placenta and mediates delivery of folate, inadequacy of which results in termination of pregnancy or developmental defects. We have previously reported that the FRα gene is negatively and directly regulated by estrogen and positively but indirectly by progesterone and glucocorticoid. To further investigate hormonal control of this gene and in view of the growing evidence for the importance of the androgen receptor (AR) in endometrial and placental functions, we examined the response of the FRα gene to androgen. Here we demonstrate that the FRα gene is directly activated by androgen. The P4 promoter of the FRα gene is the target of hormone-dependent activation by the androgen receptor (AR) in a manner that is co-activator-dependent. The site of functional association of AR in the FRα gene maps to a 35bp region occurring ∼1500bp upstream of the target promoter. The functional elements within this region are an androgen response element (ARE) half-site and a non-canonical C/EBP element that cooperate to recruit AR in a manner that is dependent on the DNA-bound C/EBPα. Since the placenta is rich in C/EBPα, the findings underscore the multiplicity of mechanisms by which the FRα gene is under the exquisite control of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneethi Sivakumaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Ohio, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
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17
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Bonnon C, Wendeler MW, Paccaud JP, Hauri HP. Selective export of human GPI-anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:1705-15. [PMID: 20427317 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.062950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective export of transmembrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) relies on recognition of cytosolic-domain-localized transport signals by the Sec24 subunit of the COPII vesicle coat. Human cells express four Sec24 isoforms, termed Sec24A, Sec24B, Sec24C and Sec24D that are differentially required for selective, signal-mediated ER export of transmembrane proteins. By contrast, luminally exposed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins cannot bind directly to Sec24 and must either use membrane-spanning cargo receptors or alternative mechanisms for ER export. Little is known about the mechanism underlying export of GPI-anchored proteins from the ER in higher eukaryotes. Using siRNA-based silencing, we identified that ER-to-Golgi transport of the human GPI-anchored protein CD59 requires Sec24, with preference for the Sec24C and Sec24D isoforms, and the recycling transmembrane protein complex p24-p23 that exhibited the same Sec24C-Sec24D isoform preference for ER export. Co-immunoprecipitation indicated unprecedented physical interaction of CD59 as well as a GFP-folate-receptor-GPI-anchor hybrid with a p24-p23 complex. Density gradient centrifugation revealed co-partitioning of CD59 and p24-p23 into biosynthetically early lipid raft fractions, and CD59 transport to the Golgi was cholesterol dependent. The results suggest that the 24p-23p complex acts as a cargo receptor for GPI-anchored proteins by facilitating their export from the ER in a Sec24-isoform-selective manner involving lipid rafts as early sorting platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bonnon
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Li G, Li D, Zhang L, Zhai J, Wang E. One-step synthesis of folic acid protected gold nanoparticles and their receptor-mediated intracellular uptake. Chemistry 2010; 15:9868-73. [PMID: 19697373 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report here a facile method to obtain folic acid (FA)-protected gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by heating an aqueous solution of HAuCl(4)/FA in which FA acts as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful formation of FA-protected Au NPs is demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The intracellular uptake of these nanoparticles is facilitated by HeLa cells overexpressing the folate reporter, which itself is significantly inhibited by free FA in a competitive assay as quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). This simple one-step approach affords a new perspective for creating functional nanomaterials, and the resulting biocompatible, functional Au NPs may find some prospective applications in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiping Li
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
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Das M, Mishra D, Dhak P, Gupta S, Maiti TK, Basak A, Pramanik P. Biofunctionalized, phosphonate-grafted, ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for combined targeted cancer therapy and multimodal imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2883-2893. [PMID: 19856326 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel, inexpensive biofunctionalization approach is adopted to develop a multimodal and theranostic nanoagent, which combines cancer-targeted magnetic resonance/optical imaging and pH-sensitive drug release into one system. This multifunctional nanosystem, based on an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanocore, is modified with a hydrophilic, biocompatible, and biodegradable coating of N-phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA). Using appropriate spacers, functional molecules, such as rhodamine B isothiocyanate, folic acid, and methotrexate, are coupled to the amine-derivatized USPIO-PMIDA support with the aim of endowing simultaneous targeting, imaging, and intracellular drug-delivering capability. For the first time, phosphonic acid chemistry is successfully exploited to develop a stealth, multifunctional nanoprobe that can selectively target, detect, and kill cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor, while allowing real-time monitoring of tumor response to drug treatment through dual-modal fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasmita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Das M, Mishra D, Maiti TK, Basak A, Pramanik P. Bio-functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles using an aminophosphonic acid coupling agent: new, ultradispersed, iron-oxide folate nanoconjugates for cancer-specific targeting. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:415101. [PMID: 21832636 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/41/415101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a systematic approach towards the design and development of novel, bio-functionalized, magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles for cancer-specific targeting. Biocompatible, hydrophilic, magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles with surface-pendant amine, carboxyl or aldehyde groups, to be later used for bio-conjugation, were designed using an aminophosphonic acid coupling agent. These magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles were further functionalized with folic acid, using diverse conjugation strategies. A series of new iron-oxide folate nanoconjugates with excellent aqueous dispersion stability and reasonably good hydrodynamic sizes under a wide range of physiological conditions were developed. These ultradispersed nanosystems were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and cancer-cell targeting ability, facilitated by surface modification with folic acid. The nanoparticle size, charge, surface chemistry, magnetic properties and colloidal stability were extensively studied using a variety of complementary techniques. Confocal microscopy, performed with folate receptor positive human cervical HeLa cancer cells, established that these non-cytotoxic iron-oxide folate nanoconjugates were effectively internalized by the target cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Cell-uptake behaviors of nanoparticles, studied using magnetically activated cell sorting (MACS), clearly demonstrated that cells over-expressing the human folate receptor internalized a higher level of these nanoparticle-folate conjugates than negative control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasmita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Abstract
For over a decade the folate receptor has been intensively investigated as a means for tumor-specific delivery of a broad range of experimental therapies including several conceptually new treatments. Despite a few set backs in clinical trials, the literature is replete with encouraging in vitro and pre-clinical studies of gynecological and other tumors and more therapeutic approaches are ready for clinical testing. Recent studies have added myelogenous leukemias to the list of candidate cancers for FR-targeted therapies. Each approach faces unique challenges in translation that could be addressed through a mechanistic understanding of the function and expression of the receptor in the appropriate experimental systems and by improvements in the technology. This review discusses FR in the context of positive recent developments in broad areas of FR-targeted therapy and attempts to highlight its potential and the anticipated challenges.
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Sun C, Sze R, Zhang M. Folic acid-PEG conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for targeted cellular uptake and detection by MRI. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 78:550-7. [PMID: 16736484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the development and in vitro study of a nanoconjugate serving as a targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement agent for detection of cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor. The nanoconjugate was synthesized by coating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with covalently bound bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), followed by conjugation with folic acid (FA). The specificity of the nanoconjugate targeting cancerous cells was demonstrated by comparative intracellular uptake of the nanoconjugate and PEG-/dextran-coated nanoparticles by human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. Preferential targeting to cancerous cells was studied by comparing the uptake of the nanoconjugate by HeLa cells and by non-FR expressing osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Uptake of the nanoconjugate by HeLa cells after 4 h incubation was found to be a 12-fold higher than that of PEG- or dextran-coated nanoparticles as quantified by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. A significant negative contrast enhancement was observed with magnetic resonance (MR) phantom imaging for HeLa cells over MG-63 cells, when both were cultured with the nanoconjugate. Specificity of the nanoconjugate for folate receptors was also verified with a competitive inhibition assay, in which HeLa cells were incubated with both NP-PEG-FA and free FA. The bifunctional PEG used has amide linkages within the PEG chains that can form interchain hydrogen bonding, leading to improved stability of the PEG coating. Self-assembled PEG can be controlled at the molecular level and are suitable for nanoscale coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conroy Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
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Mori S, Ozaki S, Yasugi T, Yoshikawa H, Taketani Y, Kanda T. Inhibitory cis-element-mediated decay of human papillomavirus type 16 L1-transcript in undifferentiated cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 288:47-57. [PMID: 16583140 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Production of human papillomavirus type 16 major capsid protein L1 in undifferentiated cells is negatively regulated by several yet unidentified cis-acting inhibitory RNA elements, among which a major element is located within the first 514 nucleotides of the L1-mRNA. By Northern blotting we examined effect of the major element on the steady-state level of mRNA transiently transcribed in 293T cells from the firefly luciferase (Fluc) gene combined with the L1 DNA fragment encoding the major element. As reported previously, the element down-regulated steady-state level of the mRNA. The most efficient down-regulation was achieved by insertion of the element near the 5' end of mRNA, resulting in an undetectable level of the mRNA. The longer the distance from the 5' end of the mRNA to the element, the weaker the down-regulation. The half-life of the mRNA having the element was similar to that of normal Fluc-mRNA. When the element near the 5' end was removed by splicing, the steady-state level of the resultant mRNA was raised to a readily detectable level. The steady-state level of RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase-I was not influenced by the presence of the element. Taken together, it is suggested that DNA region encoding the major inhibitory element does not disturb transcription and that the pre-mRNA is degraded by an RNA element-mediated mechanism after the splicing step in the course of mRNA maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Mori
- Division of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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Chattopadhyay S, Wang Y, Zhao R, Goldman ID. Lack of impact of the loss of constitutive folate receptor alpha expression, achieved by RNA Interference, on the activity of the new generation antifolate pemetrexed in HeLa cells. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:7986-93. [PMID: 15585634 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pemetrexed [PMX (Alimta)] is a new generation antifolate with activity in a variety of solid tumors. It is an excellent substrate for most folate transporters, notably the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and folate receptor (FR)-alpha. The role of FR-alpha in PMX pharmacological activity is uncertain. Whereas high-level expression may enhance the activity of this agent, it is not clear what role constitutive levels of this transporter contribute to PMX activity. In this study, constitutive levels of FR-alpha expression were abolished by small interfering RNA-induced silencing in HeLa cells and RFC-null HeLa R5 cells as confirmed by Northern blotting, immunohistochemistry, and cell surface binding. PMX growth inhibition was unchanged in HeLa and R5 cells in the absence of FR-alpha expression. Loss of FR-alpha expression did not decrease net accumulation of PMX in either wild-type or RFC-null HeLa cells. Likewise, folate pools in wild-type HeLa cells were not decreased by FR-alpha gene silencing and were negligibly affected in the RFC-null R5 subline grown with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. FR-alpha surface binding in HeLa cells was shown to be greater than that in a variety of other human solid tumor cell lines. Hence, constitutively expressed FR-alpha in HeLa cells does not contribute to PMX activity in the presence or absence of RFC function. This is likely the case in many human solid tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanta Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Albert Einstein Cancer Research Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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