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DU K, Wu X, Ji X, Liang N, Li Z. Early growth response 1 promoted the invasion of glioblastoma multiforme by elevating HMGB1. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:422-430. [PMID: 33297605 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.05107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly glioma subtype. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) participates in the progression of several cancer types, but the expression and function of EGR1 in GBM was rarely investigated. METHODS The expressions of EGR1 in GBM were detected with qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 12 pairs of fresh GBM tissues and 116 paraffin-embedded specimens. The patients were divided into high and low EGR1 groups according to the IHC score of EGR1, and the prognostic significances of different groups were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. With in-vitro experiments, we assessed the role of EGR1 in the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. RESULTS In our study, EGR1 was up-regulated in GBM tissues compared with tumor-adjacent normal tissues. High expression of EGR1 or HMGB1 were unfavorable prognostic biomarkers of GBM. Coexpression of EGR1 and HMGB1 could predict the prognosis of GBM more sensitively. EGR1 facilitated the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Moreover, EGR1 promoted the invasion, instead of proliferation, of GBM cells by elevating the expression of HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS ERG1 was a prognostic biomarker of GBM, and ERG1 and HMGB1 synergistically could predict the GBM prognosis more precisely. ERG1 could promote GBM cell invasion by inducing HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai DU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China -
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High Mobility Group Box-1 regulates expression of EGFR, VEGF, StAR and TIMP1/2 in bovine granulosa cells through a mechanism involving TLR2/NF-κB. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang B, Thorne RF, Zhang P, Wu M, Liu L. Vanguard is a Glucose Deprivation-Responsive Long Non-Coding RNA Essential for Chromatin Remodeling-Reliant DNA Repair. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201210. [PMID: 36047643 PMCID: PMC9596831 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism contributes to DNA damage response pathways by regulating chromatin remodeling, double-strand break (DSB) repair, and redox homeostasis, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully established. Here, a previously uncharacterized long non-coding RNA is revealed that is call Vanguard which acts to promote HMGB1-dependent DNA repair in association with changes in global chromatin accessibility. Vanguard expression is maintained in cancer cells by SP1-dependent transcription according to glucose availability and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Vanguard promotes complex formation between HMGB1 and HDAC1, with the resulting deacetylation of HMGB1 serving to maintain its nuclear localization and DSB repair function. However, Vanguard downregulation under glucose limiting conditions promotes HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus, increasing DNA damage, and compromising cancer cell growth and viability. Moreover, Vanguard silencing increases the effectiveness of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors against breast cancer cells with wild-type breast cancer gene-1 status, suggesting Vanguard as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
| | - Rick Francis Thorne
- Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang310022China
| | - Mian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
- Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Cancer MetabolismHenan International Join Laboratory of Non‐coding RNA and Metabolism in CancerPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450053China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230001China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiAnhui230001China
- Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCHefeiAnhui230001China
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Filoni A, Cicco G, Cazzato G, Bosco A, Lospalluti L, Tucci M, Cimmino A, Foti C, Marzullo A, Bonamonte D. Immune Disregulation in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Patients with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Single Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020213. [PMID: 35207500 PMCID: PMC8877121 DOI: 10.3390/life12020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most devastating complications of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). We recently demonstrated a reduction in immune cell peritumoral infiltration in RDEB patients with cSCC, together with a reduction in CD3+, CD4+, CD68+ and CD20 lymphocytes as compared to primary and secondary cSCC in patients without RDEB. Recently, new molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), T cell immunoglobulin, mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), have been shown to play a role in antitumoral immunity. OBJECTIVE Patients with RDEB are known to be at increased risk of developing skin cancers, including the dreaded squamous cell carcinoma of the. Tendentially, cSCCs that arise in the context of EBDR are more aggressive and lead to statistically significant bad outcomes compared to cSCCs developed on the skin of patients without EBDR. In an attempt to study the microenvironment of these lesions, we conducted an immunohistochemical analysis study of proteins that could be actively involved in the genesis of this type of malignant neoplasms. METHODS In this retrospective study, the OH1-HMGB1-TIM3 activation axis, as correlated to the T lymphocytes cell count, was assessed in biopsy samples from 31 consecutive cases consisting of 12 RDEB patients with cSCC, 12 patients with primary cSCC and 7 RDEB patients with pseudoepitheliomatous cutaneous hyperplasia. Parametric Student's t-test was applied for normally distributed values, such as CD4+ and CD8+, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for non-normally distributed values, such as HMGB-1, TIM-3 and HO-1. RESULTS In RDEB patients with cSCC and with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, the expression of CD4 T helper lymphocytes was lower than in the peritumoral infiltrate found in primary cSCC. CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes were increased in primary cSCC compared to the other two groups. An increased HMGB1 expression was evident in both primary and RDEB cSCC. TIM3 expression was higher in RDEB patients with cSCC compared to the other two groups. A significantly reduced immunohistochemical expression of HO-1 was evident in the tumoral microenvironment of cSCC-RDEB as compared to primary cSCC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a reduced immune cell peritumoral infiltration in RDEB patients could be responsible, in the complexity of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and host response, of the particular aggressiveness of the cSCC of RDEB patients, creating a substrate for greater local immunosuppression, which, potentially, can "open the doors" to development and eventual metastasis by this malignant neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Filoni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.B.); (L.L.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
- Section of Dermatology, Perrino Hospital, S.S.7, 72100 Brindisi, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Gerolamo Cicco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.B.); (L.L.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Bosco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.B.); (L.L.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Lucia Lospalluti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.B.); (L.L.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Cimmino
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.B.); (L.L.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrea Marzullo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Domenico Bonamonte
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.B.); (L.L.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
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Shomali N, Marofi F, Tarzi S, Tamjdidfar R, Akbari M, Parvari S, Sadeghvand S, Deljavan M, Moridi O, Javadi M, Shotorbani SS. HSP90 inhibitor modulates HMGA1 and HMGB2 expression along with cell viability via NF-KB signaling pathways in melanoma in-vitro. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhu X, Cong J, Lin Z, Sun J, Yang B, Li A. Inhibition of HMGB1 Overcomes Resistance to Radiation and Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4189-4199. [PMID: 32523355 PMCID: PMC7236242 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) on chemoresistance and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods HMGB1-knockout HK1 cell lines were generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression level of HMGB1. DNA repair efficiency of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) was monitored through NHEJ and HR reporter assay. Cellular protein–protein interaction between HMGB1 and NHEJ apparatus was determined by immunoprecipitation. Direct protein–protein interaction was examined by affinity capture assay with purified protein. Protein-DNA binding was evaluated by chromatin fractionation assay. Cell viability assay was employed to measure cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) or cisplatin. Results HMGB1-knockout NPC cells showed significant decrease in NHEJ efficiency. HMGB1 immunoprecipitated NHEJ key factors in NPC cells and promoted DNA-binding activity of Ku70. Mutational analysis revealed that serine 155 of Ku70 was required for its direct interaction with HMGB1. HMGB1 was highly expressed in radio- and chemoresistant NPC cells. Deficiency of HMGB1 sensitized wild-type (WT) and resistant NPC cells to IR and cisplatin. Glycyrrhizin, which is HMGB1 inhibitor, impaired DNA binding of HMGB1 and exhibited excellent synergy with IR and cisplatin. Conclusion HMGB1 promotes NHEJ via interaction with Ku70 resulting in resistance to IR and cisplatin. Inhibition of HMGB1 by glycyrrhizin is a potential therapeutic regimen to treat cisplatin and IR resistant NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Cong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changchun City Central Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Mo Y, Fang RH, Wu J, Si Y, Jia SQ, Li Q, Bai JZ, She XN, Wang JQ. MicroRNA-329 upregulation impairs the HMGB2/β-catenin pathway and regulates cell biological behaviors in melanoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23518-23527. [PMID: 31219186 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for the majority of deaths caused by skin cancer. Antitumor activity of microRNA-329 (miR-329) has been seen in several human cancers. In this study, we identify whether miR-329 serves as a candidate regulator in melanoma. Melanoma-related differentially expressed genes were screened with its potential molecular mechanism predicted. Melanoma tissues and pigmented nevus tissues were collected, where the levels of miR-329 and high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) were determined. To characterize the regulatory role of miR-329 on HMGB2 and the β-catenin pathway in melanoma cell activities, miR-329 mimics, miR-329 inhibitors, and siRNA-HMGB2 were transfected into melanoma cells. Cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed. miR-329 was predicted to influence melanoma by targeting HMGB2 via the β-catenin pathway. High level of HMGB2 and low miR-329 expression were observed in melanoma tissues. HMGB2 was targeted and negatively regulated by miR-329. In melanoma cells transfected with miR-329 mimics or siRNA-HMGB2, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were impeded, yet cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were promoted, corresponding to decreased levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and vimentin and increased levels of GSK3β and E-cadherin. Collectively, our results show that miR-329 can suppress the melanoma progression by downregulating HMGB2 via the β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Mo
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qing Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Zhu Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ning She
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qin Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Ding C, Yu H, Shi C, Shi T, Qin H, Cui Y. MiR-let-7e inhibits invasion and magration and regulates HMGB1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:528-536. [PMID: 30530288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer keeps rapidly increasing worldwide and the most frequent type is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are proved dysregulated in many types of malignancies, including thyroid cancer. Although miR-let-7e has been implicated in several types of cancer regulation, relatively little is known about the function of miR-let-7e in PTC. In this study, we showed that the overexpression of miR-let-7e or knockdown of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) inhibited cell migration and invasion. MiR-let-7e downregulates HMGB1 expression by directly targeting the HMGB1 3'-UTR. Furthermore, HMGB1 reintroduction reversed the anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion roles of miR-let-7e. miR-let-7e might function as a tumor suppressor in papillary thyroid carcinoma through HMGB1. Therefore, our study demonstrates that miR-let-7e plays an important role in papillary thyroid carcinoma progression and might represent a new potential therapeutic target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, PR China
| | - Huiming Yu
- Departments of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, PR China
| | - Chenlei Shi
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, PR China
| | - Tiefeng Shi
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, PR China
| | - Huadong Qin
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, PR China.
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HMGB1 correlates with angiogenesis and poor prognosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma via elevating VEGFR2 of vessel endothelium. Oncogene 2018; 38:868-880. [PMID: 30177842 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCCA) is the most common type of cholangiocarcinoma with low resection rate and high morbidity. The study of PHCCA biomarkers made progresses slowly compared with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma because of surgical complexity and low possibility of radical surgery, which resulted in the difficulty of specimen obtainment. To screen and identify new biomarkers in PHCCA, we constructed a retrospective cohort with 121 PHCCA patients and a prospective cohort consisting of 64 PHCCA patients, and screened the candidate biomarkers by immunohistochemistry and quantified PCR. In our study, expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was demonstrated to be significantly associated with microvascular density (MVD) and unfavorable prognosis of PHCCA in both retrospective and prospective study. Moreover, HMGB1 concentrations in bile and serum of PHCCA patients and healthy controls were detected and compared. Postoperative serum HMGB1 and reflux cholangitis indicated recurrence and unfavorable prognosis of PHCCA. With experiments in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that intracellular HMGB1 could be released from PHCCA cells and induce invasion and angiogenesis with LPS stimulation. VEGFR2 expression in vessel endothelial cells was upregulated by the released HMGB1 from PHCCA, resulting in the ectopic angiogenesis. In conclusion, intracellular HMGB1 could be released from PHCCA cells and promote angiogenesis via elevating VEGFR2 in vessel endothelial cells. High expression of HMGB1 was associated with MVD and poor prognosis in clinical analyzation. Postoperative serum HMGB1 and cholangitis could predict high recurrence and unfavorable prognosis.
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Schueler J, Klingner K, Bug D, Zoeller C, Maier A, Dong M, Willecke K, Peille AL, Steiner E, Landesfeind M, Copland JA, Siegers GM, Haferkamp A, Boehm K, Tsaur I, Schneider M. Patient derived renal cell carcinoma xenografts exhibit distinct sensitivity patterns in response to antiangiogenic therapy and constitute a suitable tool for biomarker development. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30946-30961. [PMID: 30123419 PMCID: PMC6089561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment is necessary for one third of patients with renal cell carcinoma. No valid biomarker is currently available to tailor personalized therapy. In this study we established a representative panel of patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models from patients with renal cell carcinomas and determined serum levels of high mobility group B1 (HMGB1) protein under treatment with sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, axitinib, temsirolimus and bevacizumab. Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in a subset of the PDX collection, which exhibited slower tumor growth during subsequent passages than tumors with low HMGB1 serum levels. Pre-treatment PDX serum HMGB1 levels also correlated with response to systemic treatment: PDX models with high HMGB1 levels predicted response to bevacizumab. Taken together, we provide for the first time evidence that the damage associated molecular pattern biomarker HMGB1 can predict response to systemic treatment with bevacizumab. Our data support the future evaluation of HMGB1 as a predictive biomarker for bevacizumab sensitivity in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klingner
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bug
- LfB - Lehrstuhl für Bildverarbeitung, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caren Zoeller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Maier
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meng Dong
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch - Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kerstin Willecke
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch - Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anne-Lise Peille
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Steiner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Landesfeind
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Siegers
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, 5-142W Katz Group Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Boehm
- Department of Urology, Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meike Schneider
- Department of Urology, Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Sasahira T, Bosserhoff AK, Kirita T. The importance of melanoma inhibitory activity gene family in the tumor progression of oral cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:278-286. [PMID: 29655307 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a high potential for locoregional invasion and nodal metastasis. Consequently, early detection of such malignancies is of immense importance. The melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) gene family comprises MIA, MIA2, transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO), and otoraplin (OTOR). These members of the MIA gene family have a highly conserved Src homology 3 (SH3)-like structure. Although the molecules of this family share 34-45% amino acid homology and 47-59% cDNA sequence homology, those members, excluding OTOR, play different tumor-associated functions. MIA has a pivotal role in the progression and metastasis of melanoma; MIA2 and TANGO have been suggested to possess tumor-suppressive functions; and OTOR is uniquely expressed in cochlea of the inner ear. Therefore, the definite functions of the MIA gene family in cancer cells remain unclear. Since the members of the MIA gene family are secreted proteins, these molecules might be useful tumor markers that can be detected in the body fluids, including serum and saliva. In this review, we described the molecular biological functions of the MIA gene family in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Huang C, Huang Z, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhong Z, Wang L. Overexpression of high mobility group box 1 contributes to progressive clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of human bladder urothelial carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2111-2120. [PMID: 29695918 PMCID: PMC5905469 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a versatile protein with intranuclear and extracellular functions, plays an important role in a variety of human cancers. However, the clinical/prognostic significance of HMGB1 expression in human bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the HMGB1 expression in human BUC with regard to its clinical and prognostic significance. Patients and methods HMGB1 mRNA and protein expressions in tumor and paired normal bladder tissues were detected in 20 BUC cases by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. HMGB1 protein expression in 165 primary BUC tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and its correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were also analyzed. Student’s t-test, χ2 test, Kaplan–Meier plots, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to analyze the data. Results By using qRT-PCR and Western blot, the upregulated expression of HMGB1 mRNA and protein was detected in BUC, compared with paired normal tissue (P<0.05). By using IHC, high HMGB1 expression was examined in 84 of 165 (51.0%) BUC cases. High HMGB1 expression was significantly correlated with poorer differentiation and higher T and N classification (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that high HMGB1 expression was significantly associated with a shortened patients’ overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS; both P<0.001). In different subgroups of BUC patients, HMGB1 expression was a prognostic factor in patients with different histological grades or T classification (all P<0.05), pN− (both P<0.001) for OS and DFS, and pT1/pN− (P<0.05) for OS. HMGB1 expression, as well as pT and pN status, was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (P=0.001, hazard ratio [HR] =2.973, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.550–5.704) and DFS (P<0.001, HR =3.019, 95% CI =1.902–4.792) in multivariate analysis. Conclusion Overexpression of HMGB1 may be a new independent molecular marker for the poor prognosis of patients with BUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Al-Eryani L, Waigel S, Tyagi A, Peremarti J, Jenkins SF, Damodaran C, States JC. Differentially Expressed mRNA Targets of Differentially Expressed miRNAs Predict Changes in the TP53 Axis and Carcinogenesis-Related Pathways in Human Keratinocytes Chronically Exposed to Arsenic. Toxicol Sci 2018; 162:645-654. [PMID: 29319823 PMCID: PMC5889014 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a widely distributed toxic natural element. Chronic arsenic ingestion causes several cancers, especially skin cancer. Arsenic-induced cancer mechanisms are not well defined, but several studies indicate that mutation is not the driving force and that microRNA expression changes play a role. Chronic low arsenite exposure malignantly transforms immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), serving as a model for arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis. Early changes in miRNA expression in HaCaT cells chronically exposed to arsenite will reveal early steps in transformation. HaCaT cells were maintained with 0/100 nM NaAsO2 for 3 and 7 weeks. Total RNA was purified. miRNA and mRNA expression was assayed using Affymetrix microarrays. Targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were collected from TargetScan 6.2, intersected with differentially expressed mRNAs using Partek Genomic Suite software, and mapped to their pathways using MetaCore software. MDM2, HMGB1 and TP53 mRNA, and protein levels were assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Numerous miRNAs and mRNAs involved in carcinogenesis pathways in other systems were differentially expressed at 3 and 7 weeks. A TP53 regulatory network including MDM2 and HMGB1 was predicted by the miRNA and mRNA networks. Total TP53 and TP53-S15-phosphorylation were induced. However, TP53-K382-hypoacetylation suggested that the induced TP53 is inactive in arsenic exposed cells. Our data provide strong evidence that early changes in miRNAs and target mRNAs may contribute to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Jana Peremarti
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - J C States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
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A functional variant at the miRNA binding site in HMGB1 gene is associated with risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34630-34642. [PMID: 28423715 PMCID: PMC5470997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy that has been causally associated with both hereditary and acquired factors. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) gene plays an important role as a DNA chaperone to help maintain nuclear homeostasis. Altered expression of HMGB1 has been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes, including inflammation and cancer. The present study explores the impact of HMGB1 gene polymorphisms, combined with environmental risks regarding susceptibility to oral tumorigenesis. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HMGB1 gene, rs1412125, rs2249825, rs1045411, and rs1360485, were evaluated in 1,200 normal controls and 772 patients with OSCC. We found an association between the wild-type allele of rs1045411 and genotypes CT and CT/TT (AOR=0.754, 95% CI=0.582-0.978 and AOR=0.778, 95% CI=0.609-0.995, respectively). Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was used to characterize the functional relevance of these variants for the miRNA-505-5p binding site and transcriptional regulation by the HMGB1 3’-UTR and promoter regions. Moreover, in considering behavioral exposure to environmental carcinogens, the presence of the four HMGB1 SNPs, combined with/without betel quid chewing and smoking showed, profoundly synergistic effects on the risk of OSCC. In conclusion, we present a potential clinical relevance for HMGB1 variants in OSCC, as well as associations between HMGB1 polymorphisms, haplotypes and environmental risk factors. The finding may help in development of optimal therapeutic approaches for OSCC patients.
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15
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Lv G, Wu M, Wang M, Jiang X, Du J, Zhang K, Li D, Ma N, Peng Y, Wang L, Zhou L, Zhao W, Jiao Y, Gao X, Hu Z. miR-320a regulates high mobility group box 1 expression and inhibits invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2017; 37:1354-1364. [PMID: 28317284 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several studies have shown that miR-320a induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, and affects cell cycle progression as a tumour suppressor in many cancers. However, the involvement of miR-320a in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. METHODS Endogenous miR-320a and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expressions were assayed by real-time PCR. Luciferase activities were measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Western blots were used to determine the protein expressions of HMGB1, MMP2, and MMP9. Invasion and metastasis of tumour cells were, respectively, evaluated by the transwell invasion assay and the wound healing assay. RESULTS The expression of miR-320a was significantly decreased in 24 of 32 (75%) HCC tissues and associated with the invasion and metastasis of HCC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HMGB1 was a direct target of miR-320a and there was a significant negative correlation between miR-320a and HMGB1 expression in HCC. Ectopic expression or inhibition of miR-320a potently regulated the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in HMGB1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that miR-320a was involved in the invasion and metastasis by targeting HMGB1 and had an anti-metastasis effect in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Harbin, China
| | - Meijie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaochen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingli Du
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yahui Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufei Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Abstract
Although acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease, it continues to have high mortality and morbidity rates due to its many causes. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), originally reported as a ubiquitous non-histone chromosomal protein, is a multi-functional protein with varying functions depending on its location, such as in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. The role of extracellular HMGB1 as an inflammatory mediator has been well studied, and the elevation of serum HMGB1 has been reported in several diseases that are closely associated with ALF. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the relationship between causes of acute liver failure, such as viral infection, drug-induced liver injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and acute-on-chronic liver failure, and the role of HMGB1. Furthermore, we also consolidate and summarize the current reports of HMGB1-targeting therapies in hepatic injury models. Expert commentary: HMGB1 could be a novel therapeutic candidate for ALF, and the clinical testing of HMGB1-targeting therapies for ALF patients is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Yamamoto
- a Department of Digestive and General Surgery , Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Izumo , Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Tajima
- a Department of Digestive and General Surgery , Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Izumo , Japan
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HMGB1 attenuates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of FaDu hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells through regulation of RAGE expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 431:1-10. [PMID: 28285361 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein occurs in many tumors and is closely associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, a role for HMGB1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hypopharyngeal carcinoma has not been previously reported. We cultured cells of the hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line FaDu in vitro and then treated them with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h to induce EMT. Vimentin, Snail, and HMGB1 expression patterns were then detected using immunofluorescence staining; HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression were verified by RT-PCR and western blot analyses. HMGB1 was then silenced in FaDu cells using RNAi, followed by detection of Vimentin, Snail, and HMGB1 expressions by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of Vimentin, Snail, HMGB1, and E-cadherin were verified by RT-PCR, while protein expression of HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were detected by western blot analysis. The biological behavior of FaDu cells was observed before and after HMGB1 silencing using wound healing and cell invasion assays. Following culture with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h, the morphology of FaDu cells changed from a regular cobblestone-like appearance into a spindle-like shape. Expression levels of Vimentin, Snail, and HMGB1 were upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels as determined by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. After HMGB1 silencing, mRNA expression levels of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin were upregulated. Meanwhile, expression levels of the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and Snail were decreased. Western blotting revealed that HMGB1 and RAGE were downregulated. RNAi-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 expression decreased the capacities of FaDu cells for invasion and metastasis as determined by wound healing and cell invasion assays. HMGB1 is essential for maintaining the interstitial cell phenotype in TGF-β1-induced EMT of FaDu cells, and silencing HMGB1 greatly inhibits the invasive and metastatic ability of these cells.
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18
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Gholizadeh P, Eslami H, Kafil HS. Carcinogenesis mechanisms of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:918-925. [PMID: 28292019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformed cells of cancers may be related to stromal cells, immune cells, and some bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. This review aimed to evaluate carcinogenesis mechanisms of Fusobacterium spp. in the oral cavity, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. These cancers are the three of the ten most prevalence cancer in the worldwide. Recent findings demonstrated that F. nucleatum could be considered as the risk factor for these cancers. The most important carcinogenesis mechanisms of F. nucleatum are chronic infection, interaction of cell surface molecules of these bacteria with immune system and stromal cells, immune evasion and immune suppression. However, there are some uncertainty carcinogenesis mechanisms about these bacteria, but this review evaluates almost all the known mechanisms. Well-characterized virulence factors of F. nucleatum such as FadA, Fap2, LPS and cell wall extracts may act as effector molecules in the shift of normal epithelial cells to tumor cells. These molecules may provide new targets, drugs, and strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Gholizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosein Eslami
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Infectious and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33 and S100 proteins: dual-function alarmins. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:43-64. [PMID: 27569562 PMCID: PMC5214941 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules is entrusted to specific germline-encoded signaling receptors. The same receptors have now also emerged as efficient detectors of misplaced or altered self-molecules that signal tissue damage and cell death following, for example, disruption of the blood supply and subsequent hypoxia. Many types of endogenous molecules have been shown to provoke such sterile inflammatory states when released from dying cells. However, a group of proteins referred to as alarmins have both intracellular and extracellular functions which have been the subject of intense research. Indeed, alarmins can either exert beneficial cell housekeeping functions, leading to tissue repair, or provoke deleterious uncontrolled inflammation. This group of proteins includes the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33 and the Ca2+-binding S100 proteins. These dual-function proteins share conserved regulatory mechanisms, such as secretory routes, post-translational modifications and enzymatic processing, that govern their extracellular functions in time and space. Release of alarmins from mesenchymal cells is a highly relevant mechanism by which immune cells can be alerted of tissue damage, and alarmins play a key role in the development of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer development.
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20
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Scovell WM. High mobility group protein 1: A collaborator in nucleosome dynamics and estrogen-responsive gene expression. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:206-222. [PMID: 27247709 PMCID: PMC4877529 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein that interacts with DNA and chromatin to influence the regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair and recombination. We show that HMGB1 alters the structure and stability of the canonical nucleosome (N) in a nonenzymatic, adenosine triphosphate-independent manner. As a result, the canonical nucleosome is converted to two stable, physically distinct nucleosome conformers. Although estrogen receptor (ER) does not bind to its consensus estrogen response element within a nucleosome, HMGB1 restructures the nucleosome to facilitate strong ER binding. The isolated HMGB1-restructured nucleosomes (N’ and N’’) remain stable and exhibit a number of characteristics that are distinctly different from the canonical nucleosome. These findings complement previous studies that showed (1) HMGB1 stimulates in vivo transcriptional activation at estrogen response elements and (2) knock down of HMGB1 expression by siRNA precipitously reduced transcriptional activation. The findings indicate that a major facet of the mechanism of HMGB1 action involves a restructuring of aspects of the nucleosome that appear to relax structural constraints within the nucleosome. The findings are extended to reveal the differences between ER and the other steroid hormone receptors. A working proposal outlines mechanisms that highlight the multiple facets that HMGB1 may utilize in restructuring the nucleosome.
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Chen Y, Lin C, Liu Y, Jiang Y. HMGB1 promotes HCC progression partly by downregulating p21 via ERK/c-Myc pathway and upregulating MMP-2. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:4399-408. [PMID: 26499944 PMCID: PMC4844642 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was found to be over-expressed in many kinds of human cancer, which binds with several receptors and activates RAGE-Ras-MAPK, Toll-like receptors, NF-κB, and Src family kinase signaling pathways and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the function and mechanism of HMGB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HMGB1 on HCC progression and explore new molecular mechanism. HMGB1 transient knockdown, stable knockdown, and re-expression were performed by transfection with specific siRNA, shRNA, or expression vector in HCCLM3 cells. Results showed that transient knockdown HMGB1 prevented cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, induced S phase arrest, and inhibited migration and invasion in vitro, and stable knockdown HMGB1 inhibited xenograft growth in Balb/c athymic mice in vivo. Molecular mechanism investigation revealed that knockdown HMGB1 significantly reduced the activation of MAPKs, including ERK1/2, p38, SAPK/JNK, as well as MAPKKs (MEK1/2, SEK1) and its substrates (c-Jun, c-Myc); downregulated NF-κB/p65 expression and phosphorylation level; decreased MMP-2 expression and activity; and upregulated p21 expression. Interestingly, c-Myc was firstly found to be involved in the promoting function of HMGB1 on HCC progression, which provided a novel clue for the inhibitory effect of HMGB1 on p21 expression by a p53-independent pathway. Collectively, these findings indicated that HMGB1 promoted HCC progression partly by enhancing the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways, upregulating MMP-2, and downregulating p21 via an ERK/c-Myc pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd 138, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chengzhao Lin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd 138, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd 138, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd 138, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ni P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lin X, Su X, Lu H, Shen H, Xu W, Xu H, Su Z. HMGB1 silence could promote MCF-7 cell apoptosis and inhibit invasion and metastasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15940-15946. [PMID: 26884867 PMCID: PMC4730080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone nuclear protein, was associated with a variety of biological important processes, such as transcription, differentiation, extracellular signaling. As a cytokine or inflammatory mediator, more and more data showed that HMGB1 was involved in inflammatory diseases, cancers or autoimmune disease. However, few data focused on nucleic or cytoplasmic function of HMGB1. Therefore, the present study focused on cancer cells biological characteristics following HMGB1 silence. HMGB1 siRNAs were designed and chemically synthesized, and then transfected into the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with lipofectamine 2000. The transcription and translation level of HMGB1 expression, proliferation, apoptosis, migration of MCF-7 were determined. The results demonstrated that HMGB1 silence inhibit invasion and migration and promote apoptosis of human breast cells; which indicated that HMGB1 silence might be a potential therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ni
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- The Affiliated Fourth People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xin Lin
- The Affiliated Fourth People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiaolian Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxiang Lu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Shen
- The Affiliated Fourth People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- The Affiliated Fourth People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Wang H, Li Z, Sun Y, Xu Z, Han J, Song B, Song W, Qin C, Yin L. Relationship between high-mobility group box 1 overexpression in ovarian cancer tissue and serum: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3523-31. [PMID: 26664135 PMCID: PMC4669932 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s93357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To implement a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) overexpression in the tissue and serum of ovarian cancer patients, and to evaluate its prognostic significance. METHODS Searches were made of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, WanFang, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases up to August 2015, with no language or style restrictions. Reference lists of related studies were also carefully reviewed to identify additional articles. RESULTS The literature search identified a total of 12 relevant studies on HMGB1 expression for inclusion in the meta-analysis: seven in ovarian tumor tissue, four in ovarian tumor patient serum, and one in both tissue and serum. HMGB1 protein levels in ovarian cancer tissues were notably higher than those in normal ovarian tissues with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies (RD=0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.70, Z=18.70, P<0.00001, I (2)=15%), and also higher than those in benign tumor tissues with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies (RD=0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.61, Z=11.14, P<0.00001, I (2)=0). Serum HMGB1 levels were similarly significantly higher in ovarian cancer patients than those with benign tumors or normal ovaries. Pooled mean differences of HMGB1 in ovarian cancer patients compared with patients with benign tumors or normal ovaries were 99.32 with 95% CI: 67.82-130.81, Z=6.18, P<0.00001, and 95.34 with 95% CI: 62.11-128.57, Z=5.62, P<0.0001. The pooled relative risk of ovarian cancer with high vs low HMGB1 expression levels was 1.40 with 95% CI: 1.09-1.79, Z=2.66, P=0.008, heterogeneity I (2)=50%. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that HMGB1 levels in both tissue and serum of ovarian cancer patients were significantly higher than those of benign tumor and normal ovarian samples. High serum or tissue HMGB1 expression may therefore be an effective molecular marker for ovarian benign or malignant tumor diagnosis and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfa Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Song
- Cancer Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Song
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qin
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China ; Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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HMGB1 induction of clusterin creates a chemoresistant niche in human prostate tumor cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15085. [PMID: 26469759 PMCID: PMC4606829 DOI: 10.1038/srep15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of chemoresistance, especially to docetaxel (DTX), is the primary barrier to the cure of castration-resistant prostate cancer but its mechanism is obscure. Here, we report a seminal crosstalk between dying and residual live tumor cells during treatment with DTX that can result in outgrowth of a chemoresistant population. Survival was due to the induction of secretory/cytoplasmic clusterin (sCLU), which is a potent anti-apoptotic protein known to bind and sequester Bax from mitochondria, to prevent caspase 3 activation. sCLU induction in live cells depended on HMGB1 release from dying cells. Supernatants from DTX-treated DU145 tumor cells, which were shown to contain HMGB1, effectively induced sCLU from newly-plated DU145 tumor cells and protected them from DTX toxicity. Addition of anti-HMBG1 to the supernatant or pretreatment of newly-plated DU145 tumor cells with anti-TLR4 or anti-RAGE markedly abrogated sCLU induction and protective effect of the supernatant. Mechanistically, HMGB1 activated NFκB to promote sCLU gene expression and prevented the translocation of activated Bax to mitochondria to block cell death. Importantly, multiple currently-used chemotherapeutic drugs could release HMGB1 from tumor cells. These results suggest that acquisition of chemoresistance may involve the HMGB1/TLR4-RAGE/sCLU pathway triggered by dying cells to provide survival advantage to remnant live tumor cells.
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Shi Z, Huang Q, Chen J, Yu P, Wang X, Qiu H, Chen Y, Dong Y. Correlation of HMGB1 expression to progression and poor prognosis of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma of gallbladder. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2015-2025. [PMID: 26692945 PMCID: PMC4656778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
HMGB1 (High mobility group box 1) expressions in adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell/adenosquamous (SC/ASC) carcinoma of gallbladder, as well as its prognostic significance, have not yet been evaluated. We investigated HMGB1 expression in 80 cases of AC gallbladder cancer and 52 cases of SC/ASC gallbladder cancer. Survival information was concomitantly collected. The association of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and the possible prognostic role of HMGB1 for two aforementioned subtypes of gallbladder cancers were also analyzed. siRNA technique was utilized to explore the role of HMGB1 in proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells in vitro. HMGB1 overexpression is present in AC and SC/ASC gallbladder cancers. HMGB1 expression significantly associates with growth and metastasis of AC and SC/ASC gallbladder cancers. In vitro cell experiments based on siRNA demonstrated that HMGB1 downregulation inhibits proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that HMGB1 expression is negatively associated with overall survival time of patients with AC or SC/ASC gallbladder cancer. Cox multivariate analysis confirmed that HMGB1 is an independent risk factor for survival of patients with AC or SC/ASC gallbladder cancer. HMGB1 overexpression closely correlates with progression and poor prognosis of AC and SC/ASC gallbladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Shi
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical CollegeQuanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military CommandFuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350025, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical CollegeQuanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical CollegeQuanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical CollegeQuanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical CollegeQuanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical CollegeQuanzhou City, Fujian Province, 362000, China
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Yang Y, Huang JQ, Zhang X, Shen LF. MiR-129-2 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells by targeting HMGB1 and is down-regulated by DNA methylation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:229-39. [PMID: 25772485 PMCID: PMC4544670 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is causally related to cancer development and progression, and recent reports have revealed that DNA methylation constitutes an important mechanism for miRNA deregulation in cancer. MiR-129-2 has been reported to be down-regulated and functions as a tumor suppressor in a few human cancers. However, the involvement of miR-129-2 in the pathology of glioma and the mechanism underlying miR-129-2 regulation in glioma cells remain unclear. In this study, we performed quantitative PCR to investigate the level of miR-129-2 in 21 pairs of glioma tumors and matched adjacent tissues and found that miR-129-2 is down-regulated in glioma tumors. In vitro cell growth, apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion assays revealed that miR-129-2 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells. Luciferase reporter assay found that miR-129-2 could directly target high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and inhibit its expression in glioma cells. Methylation-specific PCR found that DNA methylation in upstream regions of miR-129-2 occured more frequently in cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues. Demethylation of miR-129-2 by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that miR-129-2 expression is epigenetically regulated in glioma cells. Taken together, our data suggested that miR-129-2 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma cells by directly targeting HMGB1 and is down-regulated by DNA methylation, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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Bi MR, Zhu LY, Yan BZ, Chen LY, Wang FX, Ma YJ, Yang BS. Association of Upregulated HMGB1 and c-IAP2 Proteins With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Progression. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e23552. [PMID: 25685165 PMCID: PMC4310020 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most important health problems in China. OBJECTIVES This study analyzed expression of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (c-IAP2) proteins in HCC compared to paired para-tumor tissue samples to assess the association with HCC pathogenesis and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight HCC and para-tumor tissue samples were collected for Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses of HMGB1 and c-IAP2. RESULTS HMGB1 and c-IAP2 proteins were highly expressed in HCC tissue samples [85.3% (58/68) and 82.4% (56/68), respectively] compared to para-tumor tissue samples [32.3% and 27.9%, respectively]. Furthermore, expression of HMGB1 was significantly associated with enhanced c-IAP2 expression in HCC tissue samples (r = 0.878, P < 0.01). Expression of HMGB1 was associated with tumor multiplicity and size, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and advanced TNM stage, while expression of c-IAP2 was associated with tumor size, AFP level and advanced TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS Expression of HMGB1 and c-IAP2 proteins was associated with HCC development and progression, and the expression of HMGB1 and c-IAP2 proteins in HCC were significantly associated with each other. Additionally, these proteins may show promise as biomarkers to predict HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ru Bi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Ying Zhu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Zhu Yan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Yan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu Xiang Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Ji Ma
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Authors: Ying Ji Ma, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45182576842, Fax: +86-45182576842, E-mail: ; Bao Shan Yang, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45186297509, Fax: +86-45186297509, E-mail:
| | - Bao Shan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding Authors: Ying Ji Ma, The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45182576842, Fax: +86-45182576842, E-mail: ; Bao Shan Yang, The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China. Tel: +86-45186297509, Fax: +86-45186297509, E-mail:
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Wang Y, Tao T, Dong Y, Zhang J, Qin Z. Effect of ulinastatin on the expression and distribution of high mobility group box 1 in human colon carcinoma cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2041-7. [PMID: 25385285 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, expression and distribution of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) in human colon carcinoma LoVo cells. The cells were divided into control (untreated), UTI1 (400 U/ml UTI), UTI2 (800 U/ml UTI) and UTI3 (1,600 U/ml UTI) groups. The cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and the gene and protein expression of HMGB1 and NF‑κB were detected using a tetrazolium assay, Transwell cell invasion assays, a caspase‑3 activity assay, western blot analysis and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The distribution of HMGB1 was detected using immunofluorescence. LoVo cell proilferation decreased the most in the UTI3 group followed, in order, by the UTI2, UTI1 and control groups. UTI inhibited invasion in LoVo cells and the inhibitory effect was enhanced as the UTI concentration increased. The activity of caspase‑3 increased the least in the control group followed, in order, by the UTI1, UTI2 and UTI3 groups. UTI inhibited the expression of HMGB1 and NF‑κB, and decreased the cytoplasmic distribution of HMGB1. Thus, UTI inhibited LoVo cell proliferation and induced LoVo cell apoptosis, the mechanism of which may be associated with a decreased in the expression of HMGB1 and NF‑κB, and the cytoplasmic distribution of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan and Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yinv Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zaisheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Han J, Wu H, Liang X, Zhang J, Li J, Xie L, Xie Y, Sheng X, Yu J. The association of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and literature review. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110626. [PMID: 25356587 PMCID: PMC4214718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and it is the second most common cancer-related mortality globally. The prognostic value of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis and literature review to evaluate the association of HMGB1 expression with the prognosis of patients with HCC. Methods A detailed literature search was made in Medline, Google Scholar and others for related research publications. The data were extracted and assessed by two reviewers independently. Analysis of pooled data were performed, Hazard Ratio (HR) and mean difference with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and summarized respectively. Results 10 relevant articles were included for this meta-analysis study. HMGB1 mRNA levels in HCC were significantly higher than those in normal (p<0.00001) and para-tumor tissues (p = 0.002) respectively. The protein levels of HMGB1 in HCC were significantly higher than those in para-tumor tissues (p = 0.005). Two studies reported the serum HMGB1 levels in patients with HCC of TNM stages, and indicating significantly different between stage I and II, stage II and III, as well as stage III and IV (two studies showed p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). The overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in HCC patients with high HMGB1 expression compared those with low HMGB1 expression and the pooled HR was 1.31 with 95% CI 1.20–1.44, Z = 5.82, p<0.0001. Two additional studies showed that there were higher serum HMGB1 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis than those in healthy people (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest that HMGB1 mRNA and protein tissue levels in the patients with HCC are significantly higher than those in para-tumor and normal liver tissues respectively. Tissue HMGB1 overexpression is a potential biomarker for HCC diagnosis, and it is significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, School of Medicine and life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Cancer Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Wu
- Department of Cancer Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cancer Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yinfa Xie
- Department of Cancer Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiugui Sheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XS); (JY)
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XS); (JY)
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Abstract
With growing accounts of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, greater understanding the immune system and the mechanisms of cellular immunity have become primary objectives in immunology studies. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is implicated in various aspects of the innate immune system as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and a late mediator of inflammation, as well as in principal cellular processes, such as autophagy and apoptosis. HMGB1 functions in the nucleus as a DNA chaperone; however, it exhibits cytokine-like activity when secreted by injurious or infectious stimuli. Extracellular HMGB1 acts through specific receptors to promote activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to production of cytokines and chemokines. These findings further implicate HMGB1 in lethal inflammatory diseases as a crucial regulator of inflammatory, injurious, and infectious responses. In this paper, we summarize the role of HMGB1 in inflammatory and non-inflammatory states and assess potential therapeutic approaches targeting HMGB1 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Brain Korea 21 PLUS for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li Q, Li J, Wen T, Zeng W, Peng C, Yan S, Tan J, Yang K, Liu S, Guo A, Zhang C, Su J, Jiang M, Liu Z, Zhou H, Chen X. Overexpression of HMGB1 in melanoma predicts patient survival and suppression of HMGB1 induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in association with p21 (Waf1/Cip1) up-regulation via a p53-independent, Sp1-dependent pathway. Oncotarget 2014; 5:6387-403. [PMID: 25051367 PMCID: PMC4171638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although laboratory studies have implicated the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in melanoma, its clinical relevance remains unclear. We analyzed nearly 100 cases of human melanoma and found that HMGB1 was highly overexpressed in melanoma samples relative to normal skin and nevi tissues. Significantly, higher levels of HMGB1 correlated with more advanced disease stages and with poorer survival in melanoma patients. Unlike the well-documented pro-inflammatory role of the extracellular HMGB1, we found that its intracellular activity is necessary for melanoma cell proliferation. An absolute dependency of melanoma cell proliferation on HMGB1 was underscored by the marked response of cell cycle arrest and senescence to HMGB1 knockdown. We demonstrated that HMGB1 deficiency-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was mediated by p21, which was induced via a Sp1-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel oncogenic role of HMGB1 in promoting human melanoma cell proliferation and have important implications in melanoma patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Keda Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Aiyuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Minghao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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Weng H, Liu H, Deng Y, Xie Y, Shen G. Effects of high mobility group protein box 1 and toll like receptor 4 pathway on warts caused by human papillomavirus. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1765-71. [PMID: 25118798 PMCID: PMC4148367 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence has demonstrated that inflammation has an important role in human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenicity. However, the effects of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1)-toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway associated inflammation on epidermal warts caused by HPV remain unclear. The present study investigated the HMGB1, TLR4 and nuclear factor-κB p65 expression in condyloma acuminatum (CA) and verruca vulgaris (VV). Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that p65 expression in epithelial nuclei in VV and CA was significantly higher than in normal skin (NS) (P<0.01), and p65 in CA was higher than in VV but this difference was not significant. The level of extracellular HMGB1 increased significantly and progressively from NS to VV to CA (P<0.05). The level of TLR4 on the surface of epithelial membranes in the CA samples was significantly higher than in NS (P<0.01), and TLR4 in VV samples was significantly lower than in NS (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between p65 expression in the epithelial nuclei and HMGB1 in the epithelial intercellular spaces (r=0.5199, P<0.01). These findings indicate that inflammation is intensified in warts caused by HPV. HMGB1-TLR4 pathway-associated inflammation may therefore have a pivotal role in CA. HMGB1, rather than TLR4, may be a vital mediator of inflammation in VV. Therapies targeting HMGB1 may be a potential strategy for the treatment of HPV-associated warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Weng
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Xie
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Sasahira T, Kirita T, Yamamoto K, Ueda N, Kurihara M, Matsushima S, Bhawal UK, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. Transport and Golgi organisation protein 1 is a novel tumour progressive factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2142-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Graf SA, Busch C, Bosserhoff AK, Besch R, Berking C. SOX10 promotes melanoma cell invasion by regulating melanoma inhibitory activity. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2212-2220. [PMID: 24608986 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX10 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10) has a key role in the embryonic development of melanocytes. Recently, it has been suggested that SOX10 is highly relevant for melanoma development and survival. However, the distinct functions and downstream targets of SOX10 in melanoma remain widely unknown. In this study, we inhibited SOX10 via RNA interference in different human melanoma cell lines and found a significantly reduced invasion capacity in vitro and in the chick embryo model. At later time points, SOX10 inhibition reduced proliferation and induced cell death. We identified melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) as a direct target gene of SOX10, which is an essential protein for melanoma cell migration and invasion. Expression levels of SOX10 and MIA strictly correlated in melanoma cell lines, and SOX10 inhibition reduced MIA expression and promoter activity. Direct binding of SOX10 to the MIA promoter was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Ectopic expression of MIA in SOX10-inhibited melanoma cells restored the invasion capacity, supporting the hypothesis that MIA is responsible for SOX10-mediated melanoma cell invasion. Our data provide evidence for a critical role of SOX10 in melanoma cell invasion through the regulation of MIA and highlight its role as a therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A Graf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Busch
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Robert Besch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
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Ladoire S, Hannani D, Vetizou M, Locher C, Aymeric L, Apetoh L, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Ghiringhelli F, Zitvogel L. Cell-death-associated molecular patterns as determinants of cancer immunogenicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1098-116. [PMID: 23394620 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Accumulating evidence indicates that the success of some anticancer treatments (select chemotherapies or radiotherapy or trastuzumab) could be related to the stimulation of an anticancer immune response through the induction of an immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD). RECENT ADVANCES Preclinical data revealed that dying tumor cells can emit a series of danger signals (so-called "cell-death-associated molecular patterns" (CDAMP)) that will dictate the recruitment and activation of specific inflammatory phagocytes. Hence, tumor cells succumbing to ICD are characterized by specific metabolic and molecular changes that will trigger a hierarchy of polarizing cytokine-producing cells, culminating in the recruitment and reactivation of antitumor interferon-γ-producing effector T cells which contribute to the success of cytotoxic treatments. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular bases of this ICD, underscoring the crucial role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and adenosine tri-phosphate, both of which are released from dying tumor cells during ICD and are implicated in the chemotherapy-elicited anticancer immune response. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We discuss here how such CDAMP could serve as predictive biomarkers that could discriminate immunogenic from nonimmunogenic anti-cancer compounds, and, in case of deficiency, could be compensated by surrogate products to ameliorate the success rate of conventional anticancer treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Ladoire
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Villejuif, France
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Xiao J, Ding Y, Huang J, Li Q, Liu Y, Ni W, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Chen L, Chen B. The association of HMGB1 gene with the prognosis of HCC. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89097. [PMID: 24586525 PMCID: PMC3929653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily ancient and critical regulator of cell death and survival. HMGB1 is a chromatin-associated nuclear protein molecule that triggers extracellular damage. The expression of HMGB1 has been reported in many types of cancers, but the role of HMGB1 in hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown.The aim of this study was to analyze the roles of HMGB1 in HCC progression using HCC clinical samples. We also investigated the clinical outcomes of HCC samples with a special focus on HMBG1 expression. In an immunohistochemical study conducted on 208 cases of HCC, HMGB1 had high expression in 134 cases(64.4%).The HMGB1 expression level did not correlate with any clinicopathological parameters, except alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (p = 0.041) and CLIP stage (p = 0.007). However, survival analysis showed that the group with HMBG1 overexpression had a significantly shorter overall survival time than the group with a down-regulatedexpression of HMBG1 (HR = 0.568, CI (0.398, 0.811), p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that HMGB1 expression was a significant and independent prognostic parameter (HR = 0.562, CI (0.388, 0.815), p = 0.002) for HCC patients. The ability of proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells was suppressed with the disruption of endogenous HMGB1 using small interfering RNAs. On the other hand, the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells was strengthened when the expression endogenous HMGB1 was enhanced using HMGB1 DNA. HMGB1 expression may be a novel and independent predictor for the prognosis of HCC patients. The overexpression of HMGB1 in HCC could be a novel, effective, and supplementary biomarker for HCC, since it plays a vital role in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qisheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (BC)
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Science and Training, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (BC)
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Boone BA, Lotze MT. Targeting damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and DAMP receptors in melanoma. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1102:537-52. [PMID: 24258998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-727-3_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are proteins released from cells under stress due to nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, trauma, or treatment with chemotherapy, among a variety of other causes. When released, DAMPs activate innate immunity, providing a pathway to a systemic inflammatory response in the absence of infection. By regulating inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis, and increasing autophagy with evasion of apoptosis, DAMPs facilitate cancer growth. DAMPs and DAMP receptors have a key role in melanoma pathogenesis. Due to their crucial role in the development of melanoma and chemoresistance, DAMPs represent intriguing targets at a time when novel treatments are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Boone
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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High mobility group box 1 promotes tumor cell migration through epigenetic silencing of semaphorin 3A. Oncogene 2013; 33:5151-62. [PMID: 24213571 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a 25-kDa chromatin-associated protein that aids in transcription and DNA repair by directly binding to DNA and altering its conformation. Additionally, HMGB1 can act as an extracellular ligand. When released from dying or stressed cells, HMGB1 binds to the RAGE receptor and activates the p42/44 MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade. HMGB1 is overexpressed in many types of cancer and frequently associated with tumor stage and metastasis. This has predominantly been attributed to an autocrine function that drives MAPK pathway activity. However, by using tumor cells with activating MAPK pathway mutations, we have identified a role for HMGB1 in promoting metastasis and tumor growth that is independent of this pathway. In the absence of HMGB1, these tumor cells show defective in vitro migration as well as reduced metastasis and tumor growth in vivo despite high p42/44 phosphorylation. We found that semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), previously shown to act as a suppressor of angiogenesis and migration, was highly increased during expression in the absence of HMGB1. SEMA3A/HMGB1 double knockdown rescued the migration defect in HMGB1 single knockdown cells. HMGB1 bound at the semaphorin 3A genomic locus, promoted hetrochromatin formation, and decreased occupancy of acetylated histones. Based on human tumor gene expression databases, HMGB1 was significantly inversely correlated with SEMA3A, suggesting that this mechanism may be more widely relevant in different cancer types.
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Mai CW, Kang YB, Pichika MR. Should a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) agonist or antagonist be designed to treat cancer? TLR-4: its expression and effects in the ten most common cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1573-87. [PMID: 24235843 PMCID: PMC3821792 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s50838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is well known for its host innate immunity. Despite the fact that TLR-4 activation confers antitumor responses; emerging evidence suggests that TLR-4 is associated with tumor development and progression. It is now clear that overactivation of TLR-4, through various immune mediators, may cause immune response dysfunction, resulting in tumorigenesis. Different cancers could have different extents of TLR-4 involvement during tumorigenesis or tumor progression. In this review, we focus on infection- and inflammation-related TLR-4 activation in noncancer and cancer cells, as well as on the current evidence about the role of TLR-4 in ten of the most common cancers, viz, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Beng Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tel +60 32 731 7208, Fax +60 38 656 7229, Email
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Expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 and its significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013; 17:350-5. [PMID: 24592122 PMCID: PMC3934056 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2013.35291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To study high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and nuclear transcription factor p65 (NF-κB p65) expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its significance. Material and methods 106 hospitalized patients with non-small cell lung cancer after thoracic surgery were enrolled; HMGB1 and p65 protein expression was detected by the immunohistochemical method. Semiquantitative expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 was analyzed using Image Pro Plus (IPP) software and statistical analysis. Results The rate of HMGB1 positive expression in the non-small cell lung cancer protein B1 family was significantly higher than normal tissues (P < 0.05); p65 protein expression in the non-small cell lung carcinoma group was significantly higher than that of normal tissues (P < 0.05). HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 protein expression was significantly higher compared with the non-metastatic group (P < 0.01). HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 protein expression showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05). Conclusions HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 expression may be related to non-small cell lung cancer metastasis.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is an aggressive malignant tumor of mesothelial origin that shows a limited response to cytoreductive surgery along with intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Therefore, early diagnosis of DMPM is very important. Some researchers have previously reported that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was correlated with pulmonary fibrosis. DMPM involves the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells, which originate from mesenchymal cells, similar to lung fibroblasts. Here, we investigated serum levels of HMGB1 in patients with MPM and compared them with those of a population that had been exposed to asbestos without developing MPM. STUDY The serum concentrations of HMGB1 were measured in 13 DMPM patients and 45 individuals with benign asbestos-related diseases. RESULT We demonstrated that the patients with DMPM had significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1 compared with the population who had been exposed to asbestos but did not develop DMPM. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that serum HMGB1 concentration is a useful serum marker for DMPM.
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Cirillo P, Giallauria F, Palma VD, Maresca F, Ziviello F, Bevilacqua M, Vigorito C, Trimarco B. Cardiovascular Disease and High-Mobility Group Box 1—Is a New Inflammatory Killer in Town? Angiology 2013; 64:343-355. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319712458032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) is a nuclear protein physiologically involved in the maintaining of DNA structure in the nucleus. When tissue damage occurs, necrotic cells as well as inflammatory cells, once activated, release this protein in circulating blood, where it seems to exert a direct proinflammatory action. Thus, HMGB-1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the experimental evidence has not yet clarified its cardiovascular role which is still debated. Specifically, it is still not completely resolved whether HMGB-1 plays a protective or detrimental role on cardiovascular function. In this review, we consider the role of HMGB-1 in pathological conditions and comment on the role of this protein in the cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Di Palma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maresca
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ziviello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Bevilacqua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vigorito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
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Defective immunogenic cell death of HMGB1-deficient tumors: compensatory therapy with TLR4 agonists. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:69-78. [PMID: 23811849 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death induced by anticancer chemotherapy is characterized by a series of molecular hallmarks that include the exodus of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) from dying cells. HMGB1 is a nuclear nonhistone chromatin-binding protein. It is secreted at the late stages of cellular demise and engages Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) on dendritic cells (DCs) to accelerate the processing of phagocytic cargo in the DC and to facilitate antigen presentation by DC to T cells. The absence of HMGB1 expression by dying tumor cells exposed to anthracyclines or oxaliplatin compromises DC-dependent T-cell priming by tumor-associated antigens. Here, we show that transplantable tumors exhibiting weak expression of nuclear HMGB1 respond to chemotherapy more effectively if the treatment is combined with the local or systemic administration of a highly purified and physiochemically defined and standardized lipopolysaccharide solution, which acts as a high-potency and exclusive TLR4 agonist, called Dendrophilin (DEN). The synergistic antitumor effects mediated by the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy relied upon the presence of the MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene) adapter of TLR4 (but not that of the TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β adapter), in line with the well-characterized action of DEN on the MyD88 signaling pathway. DEN and anthracyclines synergized to induce intratumoral accumulation of interferon-γ-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Moreover, DEN could restore the immunogenicity of dying tumor cells from which HMGB1 had been depleted by RNA interference. These findings underscore the potential clinical utility of combination regimens involving immunogenic chemotherapy and certain TLR4 agonists in advanced HMGB1-deficient cancers.
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Tabata C, Shibata E, Tabata R, Kanemura S, Mikami K, Nogi Y, Masachika E, Nishizaki T, Nakano T. Serum HMGB1 as a prognostic marker for malignant pleural mesothelioma. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:205. [PMID: 23617783 PMCID: PMC3644247 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignant tumor of mesothelial origin that shows a limited response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, diagnosing MPM early is very important. Some researchers have previously reported that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was correlated with pulmonary fibrosis. MPM involves the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells, which originate from mesenchymal cells similar to lung fibroblasts. Here, we investigated serum levels of HMGB1 in patients with MPM and compared them with those of a population that had been exposed to asbestos without developing MPM. Methods HMGB1 production from MPM cell lines was measured using ELISA. Serum HMGB1 levels were also examined in 61 MPM patients and 45 individuals with benign asbestos-related diseases. Results HMGB1 concentrations of 2 out of 4 MPM cell lines were higher than that of normal mesothelial cell line, Met-5A. We demonstrated that patients with MPM had significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1 than the population who had been exposed to asbestos but had not developed MPM. The difference in overall survival between groups with serum HMGB1 levels that were lower and higher than assumed cut-off values was significant. Conclusions Our data suggest that serum HMGB1 concentration is a useful prognostic factor for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Tabata
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Kurihara M, Kirita T, Sasahira T, Ohmori H, Matsushima S, Yamamoto K, Bosserhoff AK, Kuniyasu H. Protumoral roles of melanoma inhibitory activity 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1460-9. [PMID: 23511560 PMCID: PMC3629429 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of melanoma inhibitory activity 2 (MIA2) was examined in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS MIA2 role was examined by immunohistochemistry of human OSCCs and knockdown studies using human 3 OSCC cell lines with MIA2 expression. RESULTS MIA2 expression was observed in 62 (66.7%) of 93 OSCCs and was associated with tumour expansion and nodal metastasis. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 expression was inversely correlated with intratumoral infiltration of lymphocytes. Invasion and anti-apoptotic survival were reduced by MIA2 knockdown in HSC3 cells. MOLT-3 lymphocytes infiltrating the HSC3 cell layer was enhanced by MIA2 knockdown or MIA2 depletion with the antibody. In HSC3 cells, MIA2 knockdown decreased the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. The downregulation of VEGF-C and -D was caused by inhibition of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, respectively. Melanoma inhibitory activity 2 was co-precipitated with integrin α4 andα5 in HSC3 cells. Integrin α4 knockdown decreased p38 phosphorylation and increased apoptosis, whereas integrin α5 knockdown decreased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and apoptosis. Inhibition of JNK decreased apoptosis in the HSC3 cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the roles of MIA2 might be based on the variety of the integrins and the subtypes of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurihara
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - T Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - T Sasahira
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - H Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - S Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - A K Bosserhoff
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Li B, Jiang SD, Zheng XF, Ni BB, Yang YH, Chen JW, Chen K, Jiang LS. Expression of the Inflammatory Molecule HMGB1 in Human Osteosarcoma and its Clinical Relevance. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and chromatin-binding molecule, plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of various tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of HMGB1 in human osteosarcoma and its clinical relevance. At first, human osteosarcom tissues and their corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) from forty consecutive cases were collected. The expression of HMGB1 was detected by immunohistochemical assay through tissue microarray procedure and the correlation of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathologic factors was evaluated. Secondly, through small hairpin RNA(shRNA)-mediated HMGB1 knockdown in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, we observed the changes of the biological behaviors of the osteosarcoma cells. As a consequence, the rate of positive expression of HMGB1 was significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues than in the ANCT (60% vs 15%, P < 0.01). HMGB1 expression had significant positive correlation with Ennecking staging ( P = 0.034) and distant metastases ( P = 0.003), but had no correlation with the factors including age and gender of the patients, or histology and location of the tumor (each P > 0.05). Knockdown of HMGB1 down-regulated the expression of p-AKT, p-PI3K, PCNA, MMP-9 and CyclinD1, while it up-regulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3. More importantly, HMGB1 knockdown inhibited the proliferative activities and invasive potential, and induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, our results indicate that HMGB1 was highly expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues, and the patients with higher HMGB1 expression in osteosarcoma tissues were more likely to have progression and metastasis of the disease. Knockdown of HMGB1 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells and induce its apoptosis through down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. HMGB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S-D. Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X-F. Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - B-B. Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-H. Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J-W. Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - K. Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L-S. Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lelong C, Chevallet M, Diemer H, Luche S, Van Dorsselaer A, Rabilloud T. Improved proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins, as exemplified by the comparison of two myeloid cell lines nuclear proteomes. J Proteomics 2012; 77:577-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chan JK, Roth J, Oppenheim JJ, Tracey KJ, Vogl T, Feldmann M, Horwood N, Nanchahal J. Alarmins: awaiting a clinical response. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2711-9. [PMID: 22850880 DOI: 10.1172/jci62423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous molecules that are constitutively available and released upon tissue damage and activate the immune system. Current evidence indicates that uncontrolled and excessive release of alarmins contributes to the dysregulated processes seen in many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as tumorigenesis and cancer spread. Conversely, alarmins have also been found to play a major role in the orchestration of tissue homeostasis, including repair and remodeling in the heart, skin, and nervous system. Here, we provide an update and overview on alarmins, highlighting the areas that may benefit from this clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Chan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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The effect of PKC phosphorylation on the "architectural" properties of HMGB1 protein. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9947-53. [PMID: 22740141 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box (HMGB)1 protein acts as an architectural element, promoting the assembly of active nucleoprotein complexes due to its ability to bend DNA and to bind preferentially to distorted DNA structures. The behavior of HMGB1 as an "architect" of chromatin defines it as an important factor in many cellular processes such as repair, replication and remodeling. It was shown that the post-synthetic acetylation of HMGB1 at Lys2 modulated its essential properties as a structure-specific nuclear protein. We studied the role of PKC phosphorylation on the "architectural" properties of HMGB1, (i) the effect for the formation of a stable complex with DNA damaged by the anti-tumour drug cis-platinum and (ii) the influence on the ability of HMGB1 protein to bend short DNA fragments. PKC-phosphorylated recombinant HMGB1 increased about an order of magnitude its affinity to cis-platinated DNA, a finding that has already been reported for in vivo acetylated protein. Regarding the effect on the protein's DNA bending ability, it was enhanced upon phosphorylation as demonstrated by the stimulation of DNA circularization. We showed also that PKC phosphorylated the recombinant protein in vitro simultaneously at two target sites. Our results demonstrate that the PKC phosphorylation of HMGB1 has a considerable effect on the fundamental properties of the protein; therefore this post-synthetic modification may serve as a modulator of the HMGB1 participation in different nuclear processes.
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Lee H, Song M, Shin N, Shin CH, Min BS, Kim HS, Yoo JS, Kim H. Diagnostic significance of serum HMGB1 in colorectal carcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34318. [PMID: 22496788 PMCID: PMC3319566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, can be translocated to the cytoplasm and secreted in colon cancer cells. However, the diagnostic significance of HMGB1 has not been evaluated in colorectal carcinomas. For this purpose, we have screened the expression and secretion of HMGB1 in 10 colon cancer cell lines and 1 control cell line and found that HMGB1 was detected in the culture medium. To evaluate the diagnostic value of HMGB1, we performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure HMGB1 levels and compared them to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the serum samples of 219 colorectal carcinoma patients and 75 healthy control subjects. We found that the serum HMGB1 level was increased by 1.5-fold in patients with colorectal carcinoma compared to those in healthy controls. When HMGB1 and CEA levels were compared, HMGB1 had similar efficacy as CEA regarding cancer detection (the sensitivity was 20.1% for HMGB1 vs. 25.6% for CEA, and the specificity was 96% for HMGB1 vs. 90.7% for CEA). Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of HMGB1 for stage I cancer was significantly higher than that of CEA (sensitivity: 41.2% vs. 5.9%; specificity: 96% vs. 90.7). When we combined HMGB1 and CEA, the overall diagnostic sensitivity was higher than that of CEA alone (42% vs. 25.6%), and the diagnostic sensitivity for stage I was also elevated (47% vs. 5.9%). However, the prognosis of patients was not related with serum HMGB1 concentrations. Our findings indicate that serum HMGB1 levels are increased in a subset of colorectal carcinomas, suggesting their potential utility as a supportive diagnostic marker for colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyon-Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Division of mass spectrometric analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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