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Pérez-Baena MJ, Cordero-Pérez FJ, Pérez-Losada J, Holgado-Madruga M. The Role of GAB1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4179. [PMID: 37627207 PMCID: PMC10453317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GRB2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) is the inaugural member of the GAB/DOS family of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins. Upon receiving various stimuli, GAB1 transitions from the cytoplasm to the membrane where it is phosphorylated by a range of kinases. This event recruits SH2 domain-containing proteins like SHP2, PI3K's p85 subunit, CRK, and others, thereby activating distinct signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JNK. GAB1-deficient embryos succumb in utero, presenting with developmental abnormalities in the heart, placenta, liver, skin, limb, and diaphragm myocytes. Oncogenic mutations have been identified in the context of cancer. GAB1 expression levels are disrupted in various tumors, and elevated levels in patients often portend a worse prognosis in multiple cancer types. This review focuses on GAB1's influence on cellular transformation particularly in proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis-each of these processes being a cancer hallmark. GAB1 also modulates the resistance/sensitivity to antitumor therapies, making it a promising target for future anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.P.-B.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.P.-B.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Virtual Institute for Good Health and Well Being (GLADE), European Campus of City Universities (EC2U), 86073 Poitiers, France
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Abstract
Heart diseases are major causes of mortality. Cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction (MI), viral cardiomyopathy, ischemic and reperfusion (I/R) heart injury finally lead to heart failure and death. Insulin and IGF1 signal pathways play key roles in normal cardiomyocyte growth and physiological cardiac hypertrophy while inflammatory signal pathway is associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, MI, viral cardiomyopathy, I/R heart injury, and heart failure. Adapter proteins are the major family proteins, which transduce signals from insulin, IGF1, or cytokine receptors to the downstream pathways and have been shown to regulate variety of heart diseases. Here, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the physiological and pathological roles of adapter proteins in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Yuntian Li
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Chengyun Song
- Cardiovascular Center, 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100017, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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Furuta K, Yoshida Y, Ogura S, Kurahashi T, Kizu T, Maeda S, Egawa M, Chatani N, Nishida K, Nakaoka Y, Kiso S, Kamada Y, Takehara T. Gab1 adaptor protein acts as a gatekeeper to balance hepatocyte death and proliferation during acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2016; 63:1340-55. [PMID: 26680679 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. In APAP-induced acute liver failure, hepatocyte death and subsequent liver regeneration determines the prognosis of patients, making it necessary to identify suitable therapeutic targets based on detailed molecular mechanisms. Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) adaptor protein plays a crucial role in transmitting signals from growth factor and cytokine receptors to downstream effectors. In this study, we hypothesized that Gab1 is involved in APAP-induced acute liver failure. Hepatocyte-specific Gab1 conditional knockout (Gab1CKO) and control mice were treated with 250 mg/kg of APAP. After APAP treatment, Gab1CKO mice had significantly higher mortality and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels compared to control mice. Gab1CKO mice had increased hepatocyte death and increased serum levels of high mobility group box 1, a marker of hepatocyte necrosis. In addition, Gab1CKO mice had reduced hepatocyte proliferation. The enhanced hepatotoxicity in Gab1CKO mice was associated with increased activation of stress-related c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT. Furthermore, Gab1CKO mice showed enhanced mitochondrial translocation of JNK accompanied by an increase in the release of mitochondrial enzymes into the cytosol, which is indicative of increased mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent nuclear DNA fragmentation. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that Gab1-deficient hepatocytes were more susceptible to APAP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death, suggesting that hepatocyte Gab1 is a direct target of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our current data demonstrate that hepatocyte Gab1 plays a critical role in controlling the balance between hepatocyte death and compensatory hepatocyte proliferation during APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimaro Furuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Kurahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Chatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Nishida
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakaoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Departments of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Gαi1 and Gαi3 regulate macrophage polarization by forming a complex containing CD14 and Gab1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4731-6. [PMID: 25825741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503779112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages and endothelial cells. However, whether guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 and alpha-3 (Gαi1/3) are required for LPS responses remains unclear, and if so, the underlying mechanisms need to be studied. In this study, we demonstrated that, in response to LPS, Gαi1/3 form complexes containing the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) CD14 and growth factor receptor binding 2 (Grb2)-associated binding protein (Gab1), which are required for activation of PI3K-Akt signaling. Gαi1/3 deficiency decreased LPS-induced TLR4 endocytosis, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Gαi1/3 knockdown in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (Gαi1/3 KD BMDMs) exhibited an M2-like phenotype with significantly suppressed production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and NO in response to LPS. The altered polarization coincided with decreased Akt activation. Further, Gαi1/3 deficiency caused LPS tolerance in mice. In vitro studies revealed that, in LPS-tolerant macrophages, Gαi1/3 were down-regulated partially by the proteasome pathway. Collectively, the present findings demonstrated that Gαi1/3 can interact with CD14/Gab1, which modulates macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye M, Zhu M, Zhang B, Roy M, Liu J, An X. Tumor suppressor role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4815-30. [PMID: 25183197 PMCID: PMC11113756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is a membrane skeletal protein that belongs to the protein 4.1 family. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is localized to sites of cell-cell contact and functions as an adapter protein, linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton or associated cytoplasmic signaling effectors and facilitating their activities in various pathways. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in various cytoskeleton-associated processes, such as cell motility and adhesion. Moreover, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 also plays a regulatory role in cell growth, differentiation, and the establishment of epithelial-like cell structures. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is normally expressed in multiple human tissues, but loss of its expression or prominent down-regulation of its expression is frequently observed in corresponding tumor tissues and tumor cell lines, suggesting that protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and acts as a potential tumor suppressor. This review will focus on the structure of protein 4.1B/DAL-1, 4.1B/DAL-1-interacting molecules, 4.1B/DAL-1 inactivation and tumor progression, and anti-tumor activity of the 4.1B/DAL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Min Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065 USA
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Sun L, Chen C, Jiang B, Li Y, Deng Q, Sun M, An X, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang R, Lu Y, Zhu DS, Huo Y, Feng GS, Zhang Y, Luo J. Grb2-associated binder 1 is essential for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:420. [PMID: 24951957 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that endothelial Grb-2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), an intracellular scaffolding adaptor, has a protective effect against limb ischemia via mediating angiogenic signaling pathways. However, the role of Gab1 in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. In this study, we show that Gab1 is required for cardioprotection against I/R injury. I/R injury led to remarkable phosphorylation of Gab1 in cardiomyocytes. Compared with controls, the mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Gab1 gene (CGKO mice) exhibited an increase in infarct size and a decrease in cardiac function after I/R injury. Consistently, in hearts of CGKO mice subjected to I/R, the activation of caspase 3 and myocardial apoptosis was markedly enhanced whereas the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are critical for cardiomyocyte survival, was attenuated. Oxidative stress is regarded as a major contributor to myocardial I/R injury. To examine the role of Gab1 in oxidative stress directly, isolated adult cardiomyocytes were subject to oxidant hydrogen peroxide and the cardioprotective effects of Gab1 were confirmed. Furthermore, we found that the phosphorylation of Gab1 and Gab1-mediated activation of Akt and MAPK by oxidative stress was suppressed by ErbB receptor and Src kinase inhibitors, accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, our results suggest that Gab1 is essential for cardioprotection against I/R oxidative injury via mediating survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Wang Z, Dela Cruz R, Ji F, Guo S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Feng GS, Birnbaumer L, Jiang M, Chu WM. G(i)α proteins exhibit functional differences in the activation of ERK1/2, Akt and mTORC1 by growth factors in normal and breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:10. [PMID: 24521094 PMCID: PMC3937014 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a classic model, Giα proteins including Gi1α, Gi2α and Gi3α are important for transducing signals from Giα protein-coupled receptors (GiαPCRs) to their downstream cascades in response to hormones and neurotransmitters. Our previous study has suggested that Gi1α, Gi2α and Gi3α are also important for the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its family members. However, a genetic role of these Giα proteins in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) by EGF is largely unknown. Further, it is not clear whether these Giα proteins are also engaged in the activation of both the Akt/mTORC1 and ERK1/2 pathways by other growth factor family members. Additionally, a role of these Giα proteins in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. Results We found that Gi1/3 deficient MEFs with the low expression level of Gi2α showed defective ERK1/2 activation by EGFs, IGF-1 and insulin, and Akt and mTORC1 activation by EGFs and FGFs. Gi1/2/3 knockdown breast cancer cells exhibited a similar defect in the activations and a defect in in vitro growth and invasion. The Giα proteins associated with RTKs, Gab1, FRS2 and Shp2 in breast cancer cells and their ablation impaired Gab1’s interactions with Shp2 in response to EGF and IGF-1, or with FRS2 and Grb2 in response to bFGF. Conclusions Giα proteins differentially regulate the activation of Akt, mTORC1 and ERK1/2 by different families of growth factors. Giα proteins are important for breast cancer cell growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meisheng Jiang
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Traditional chinese medicine tang-luo-ning ameliorates sciatic nerve injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:989670. [PMID: 24288572 PMCID: PMC3830865 DOI: 10.1155/2013/989670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes associated with high disability rate and low quality of life. Tang-Luo-Ning (TLN) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of DPN. To illustrate the underlying neural protection mechanisms of TLN, the effect of TLN on electrophysiology and sciatic nerve morphology was investigated in a model of streptozotocin-induced DPN, as well as the underlying mechanism. Sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity and digital sensory nerve conduction velocity were reduced in DPN and were significantly improved by TLN or α-lipoic acid at 10 and 20 weeks after streptozotocin injection. It was demonstrated that TLN intervention for 20 weeks significantly alleviated pathological injury as well as increased the phosphorylation of ErbB2, Erk, Bad (Ser112), and the mRNA expression of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (Mtor) in injured sciatic nerve. These novel therapeutic properties of TLN to promote Schwann cell survival may offer a promising alternative medicine for the patients to delay the progression of DPN. The underlying mechanism may be that TLN exerts neural protection effect after sciatic nerve injury through Nrg1/ErbB2→Erk/Bad Schwann cell survival signaling pathway.
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Le Goff A, Ji Z, Leclercq B, Bourette RP, Mougel A, Guerardel C, de Launoit Y, Vicogne J, Goormachtigh G, Fafeur V. Anti-apoptotic role of caspase-cleaved GAB1 adaptor protein in hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-MET receptor protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35382-35396. [PMID: 22915589 PMCID: PMC3471683 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The GRB2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) docking/scaffold protein is a key mediator of the MET-tyrosine kinase receptor activated by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). Activated MET promotes recruitment and tyrosine phosphorylation of GAB1, which in turn recruits multiple proteins and mediates MET signaling leading to cell survival, motility, and morphogenesis. We previously reported that, without its ligand, MET is a functional caspase target during apoptosis, allowing the generation of a p40-MET fragment that amplifies apoptosis. In this study we established that GAB1 is also a functional caspase target by evidencing a caspase-cleaved p35-GAB1 fragment that contains the MET binding domain. GAB1 is cleaved by caspases before MET, and the resulting p35-GAB1 fragment is phosphorylated by MET upon HGF/SF binding and can interact with a subset of GAB1 partners, PI3K, and GRB2 but not with SHP2. This p35-GAB1 fragment favors cell survival by maintaining HGF/SF-induced MET activation of AKT and by hindering p40-MET pro-apoptotic function. These data demonstrate an anti-apoptotic role of caspase-cleaved GAB1 in HGF/SF-MET signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Le Goff
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Zongling Ji
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France; Faculty of Life Sciences, C2222 Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bérénice Leclercq
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Roland P Bourette
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Alexandra Mougel
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Cateline Guerardel
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Yvan de Launoit
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Gautier Goormachtigh
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Fafeur
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, IFR142, Lille, France.
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Gao N, Cheng S, Budhraja A, Gao Z, Chen J, Liu EH, Huang C, Chen D, Yang Z, Liu Q, Li P, Shi X, Zhang Z. Ursolic acid induces apoptosis in human leukaemia cells and exhibits anti-leukaemic activity in nude mice through the PKB pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1813-1826. [PMID: 21950524 PMCID: PMC3372832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ursolic acid (UA) has been extensively used as an anti-leukaemic agent in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we investigated the ability of UA to induce apoptosis in human leukaemia cells in relation to its effects on caspase activation, Mcl-1 down-regulation and perturbations in stress-induced signalling pathways such as PKB and JNK. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Leukaemia cells were treated with UA after which apoptosis, caspase activation, PKB and JNK signalling pathways were evaluated. The anti-tumour activity of UA was evaluated using xenograft mouse model. KEY RESULTS UA induced apoptosis in human leukaemia cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; this was associated with caspase activation, down-regulation of Mcl-1 and inactivation of PKB accompanied by activation of JNK. Enforced activation of PKB by a constitutively active PKB construct prevented UA-mediated JNK activation, Mcl-1 down-regulation, caspase activation and apoptosis. Conversely, UA lethality was potentiated by the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Interruption of the JNK pathway by pharmacological or genetic (e.g. siRNA) attenuated UA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, UA-mediated inhibition of tumour growth in vivo was associated with induction of apoptosis, inactivation of PKB as well as activation of JNK. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these findings suggest a hierarchical model of UA-induced apoptosis in human leukaemia cells in which UA induces PKB inactivation, leading to JNK activation and culminating in Mcl-1 down-regulation, caspase activation and apoptosis. These findings indicate that interruption of PKB/JNK pathways may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
| | - Senping Cheng
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
| | - Amit Budhraja
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
| | - Ziyi Gao
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, 3rd Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
| | - Deying Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, 3rd Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zailin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, 3rd Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of EducationNanjing, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky
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Activation of p38 MAPK Pathway by Hepatitis C Virus E2 in Cells Transiently Expressing DC-SIGN. Cell Biochem Biophys 2009; 56:49-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Cao C, Wan Y. Parameters of protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cell damage. J Cell Physiol 2009; 220:277-84. [PMID: 19360745 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence has supported the notion that solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the leading cause of skin cell damage and skin cancer. Non-melanoma skin cancer, one of the malignancies with the most rapidly increasing incidence, is suggested to be directly related to the total exposure to solar UV light. Over the past few years, the mechanisms of cellular responses to UV radiation have received unprecedented attention. Understanding how skin cells respond to UV radiation will undoubtedly help decipher what goes wrong in a variety of clinical skin disorders including skin cancer and will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the past decade, studies have established that UV radiation induces multifarious signal transduction pathways, some of which lead to apoptotic cell death, while others protect against this process. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent progresses regarding the involvement of multiple signal pathways in UV radiation-induced apoptosis in skin cells, especially in keratinocytes. These pathways include pro-apoptosis components such as MAPK, AMPK, and p53 as well as pro-survival components, namely, AKT and mTORC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Cao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Cao C, Huang X, Han Y, Wan Y, Birnbaumer L, Feng GS, Marshall J, Jiang M, Chu WM. Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) are required for epidermal growth factor-mediated activation of the Akt-mTORC1 pathway. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra17. [PMID: 19401591 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanism whereby epidermal growth factor (EGF) activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) remains elusive. Here, we report that the alpha subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) are critical for this activation process. Both Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) formed complexes with growth factor receptor binding 2 (Grb2)-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1) and the EGF receptor (EGFR) and were required for the phosphorylation of Gab1 and its subsequent interaction with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to EGF. Loss of Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) severely impaired the activation of Akt and of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, downstream targets of mTORC1, in response to EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and transforming growth factor alpha, but not insulin, insulin-like growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor. In addition, ablation of Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) largely inhibited EGF-induced cell growth, migration, and survival and the accumulation of cyclin D1. Overall, this study suggests that Galpha(i1) and Galpha(i3) lie downstream of EGFR, but upstream of Gab1-mediated activation of Akt and mTORC1, thus revealing a role for Galpha(i) proteins in mediating EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Cao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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14
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Eichhorn PJA, Creyghton MP, Wilhelmsen K, van Dam H, Bernards R. A RNA interference screen identifies the protein phosphatase 2A subunit PR55gamma as a stress-sensitive inhibitor of c-SRC. PLoS Genet 2008; 3:e218. [PMID: 18069897 PMCID: PMC2134945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) represents a family of holoenzyme complexes with diverse biological activities. Specific holoenzyme complexes are thought to be deregulated during oncogenic transformation and oncogene-induced signaling. Since most studies on the role of this phosphatase family have relied on the use of generic PP2A inhibitors, the contribution of individual PP2A holoenzyme complexes in PP2A-controlled signaling pathways is largely unclear. To gain insight into this, we have constructed a set of shRNA vectors targeting the individual PP2A regulatory subunits for suppression by RNA interference. Here, we identify PR55γ and PR55δ as inhibitors of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation by UV irradiation. We show that PR55γ binds c-SRC and modulates the phosphorylation of serine 12 of c-SRC, a residue we demonstrate to be required for JNK activation by c-SRC. We also find that the physical interaction between PR55γ and c-SRC is sensitive to UV irradiation. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of c-SRC regulation whereby in response to stress c-SRC activity is regulated, at least in part, through loss of the interaction with its inhibitor, PR55γ. Protein Phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) represent a family of holoenzyme complexes involved in wide range of activities such as growth, differentiation, and cell death. The PP2A holoenzyme complex is made up of a catalytic, a structural, and one of various “B” subunits. These “B” subunits are thought to provide the substrate specificity required for PP2A activity. Previous work on PP2A has mostly been derived by inhibiting the catalytic subunit through chemical inhibition, as such inhibiting all of the pathways associated with PP2A. To identify individual “B” subunits involved in specific cellular processes we have generated a “B” subunit gene knockdown library, which allows us to inhibit each of the known “B” subunits individually. One of the many pathways regulated by PP2A is the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase pathway, which, depending on stimulus, can affect either cell survival or cell proliferation. Here we report that the “B” subunit PR55γ acts as a negative regulator of JNK activity and cell death. We show that PR55γ influences JNK activity by inhibiting one of its upstream regulators, the proto-oncogene c-SRC, through dephosphorylation at one of the key residues on c-SRC, a site we show to be critical for c-SRC activation following cell stress. Overall our work describes the novel function of a specific PP2A subunit involved in cell survival and identifies a novel mechanism of c-SRC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J. A Eichhorn
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P Creyghton
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Dam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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15
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Petti LM, Ricciardi EC, Page HJ, Porter KA. Transforming signals resulting from sustained activation of the PDGFbeta receptor in mortal human fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1172-82. [PMID: 18349076 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.018713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFbetaR) plays an important role in proliferation and motility of fibroblasts. We have been investigating the effects of sustained PDGFbetaR activation in mortal human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), which are typically difficult to transform. We have previously shown that the bovine papillomavirus E5 protein, through its ability to crosslink and constitutively activate the PDGFbetaR, induces morphological transformation, enhanced growth and loss of contact inhibition (focus formation) in HDFs. Here, we characterized two E5 mutants as being severely defective for focus formation but still competent for enhanced growth, suggesting that proliferation is insufficient for loss of contact inhibition. These E5 mutants were then used in a comparative study to distinguish the PDGFbetaR signaling intermediates required for the enhanced growth phenotype from those required for focus formation. Our data suggested that a PI 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-cyclin D3 pathway, a Grb2-Gab1-SHP2 complex and JNK played a role in the enhanced growth phenotype. However, a SHP2-p66Shc-p190BRhoGAP complex and ROCK were implicated exclusively in focus formation. We speculate that a SHP2-p66Shc-p190BRhoGAP signaling complex recruited to the activated PDGFbetaR promotes a distinct Rho-dependent process required for focus formation but not growth of HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Petti
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, MC-151, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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16
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Bard-Chapeau EA, Yuan J, Droin N, Long S, Zhang EE, Nguyen TV, Feng GS. Concerted functions of Gab1 and Shp2 in liver regeneration and hepatoprotection. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:4664-74. [PMID: 16738330 PMCID: PMC1489129 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02253-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a rapid and concerted response to injury, in which growth factor-generated intracellular signals result in activation of transcription factors, DNA synthesis, and hepatocyte proliferation. However, the link between cytoplasmic signals resulting in proliferative response to liver injury remains to be elucidated. We show here that association of Gab1 adaptor protein and Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase is a critical event at the early phase of liver regeneration. Partial hepatectomy (PH) rapidly and transiently induced assembly of a complex comprising Shp2 and tyrosine-phosphorylated Gab1 in wild-type hepatocytes. Consistently, liver-specific Shp2 knockout (LSKO) and liver-specific Gab1 knockout (LGKO) mice displayed very similar phenotypes of defective liver regeneration triggered by PH, including blunted extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) activation, decreased expression of immediate-early genes, and reduced levels of cyclins A, E, and B1, as well as suppression of hepatocyte proliferation. In contrast, the Akt and interleukin-6/Stat3 pathways were up-regulated posthepatectomy in LSKO and LGKO mice, accompanied by improved hepatoprotection. Collectively, this study establishes the physiological significance of the Gab1/Shp2 link in promoting mitogenic signaling through the Erk pathway in mammalian liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Bard-Chapeau
- Program in Signal Transduction and Stem Cells and Regeneration,The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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17
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Shen HM, Liu ZG. JNK signaling pathway is a key modulator in cell death mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:928-39. [PMID: 16540388 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), or stress-activated protein kinase, is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily, the members of which are readily activated by many environmental stimuli. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important groups of free radicals that are capable of eliciting direct damaging effects or acting as critical intermediate signaling molecules, leading to oxidative and nitrosative stress and a series of biological consequences. Recently there has been an increasing amount of research interest focusing on the regulatory role of JNK activation in ROS-and RNS-induced cellular responses. In this review we will first summarize and discuss some recent findings regarding the signaling mechanisms of ROS-or RNS-mediated JNK activation. Second, we will talk about the role of JNK in ROS-or RNS-mediated cell death (both apoptosis and necrosis). Finally, we will analyze the emerging evidence for the involvement of ROS and RNS as mediators in tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the accumulating knowledge about the ROS/RNS-induced JNK signaling pathway has greatly advanced our understanding of the complex processes deciding the cellular responses to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Community, Occupational, and Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
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18
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Ceruti JM, Scassa ME, Fló JM, Varone CL, Cánepa ET. Induction of p19INK4d in response to ultraviolet light improves DNA repair and confers resistance to apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 2005; 24:4065-80. [PMID: 15750620 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The genetic instability driving tumorigenesis is fueled by DNA damage and by errors made by the DNA replication. Upon DNA damage the cell organizes an integrated response not only by the classical DNA repair mechanisms but also involving mechanisms of replication, transcription, chromatin structure dynamics, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the role of p19INK4d in the response driven by neuroblastoma cells against DNA injury caused by UV irradiation. We show that p19INK4d is the only INK4 protein whose expression is induced by UV light in neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, p19INK4d translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus is observed after UV irradiation. Ectopic expression of p19INK4d clearly reduces the UV-induced apoptosis as well as enhances the cellular ability to repair the damaged DNA. It is clearly shown that DNA repair is the main target of p19INK4d effect and that diminished apoptosis is a downstream event. Importantly, experiments performed with CDK4 mutants suggest that these p19INK4d effects would be independent of its role as a cell cycle checkpoint gene. The results presented herein uncover a new role of p19INK4d as regulator of DNA-damage-induced apoptosis and suggest that it protects cells from undergoing apoptosis by allowing a more efficient DNA repair. We propose that, in addition to its role as cell cycle inhibitor, p19INK4d is involved in maintenance of DNA integrity and, therefore, would contribute to cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta M Ceruti
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón II Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Robb VA, Gerber MA, Hart-Mahon EK, Gutmann DH. Membrane localization of the U2 domain of Protein 4.1B is necessary and sufficient for meningioma growth suppression. Oncogene 2005; 24:1946-57. [PMID: 15688033 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis are largely undefined. Previous work has implicated Protein 4.1B as an important tumor suppressor involved in the development of these neoplasms. In this report, we demonstrate that the U2 domain is necessary and sufficient for the ability of Protein 4.1B to function as a meningioma growth suppressor. Using a series of truncation and deletion constructs of DAL-1 (a fragment of Protein 4.1B that retains all the growth suppressive properties), we narrowed the domain required for 4.1B growth suppression to a fragment containing a portion of the FERM domain and the U2 domain using clonogenic assays on meningioma cells. Deletion of the U2 domain in the context of the full-length DAL-1 molecule eliminated growth suppressor function, as measured by thymidine incorporation and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, targeting the U2 domain to the plasma membrane using a membrane localization signal (MLS) reduced cell proliferation, similar to wild-type DAL-1. Collectively, the data suggest that the U2 domain, when properly targeted to the plasma membrane, contains all the residues necessary for mediating Protein 4.1B growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Robb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Bard-Chapeau EA, Hevener AL, Long S, Zhang EE, Olefsky JM, Feng GS. Deletion of Gab1 in the liver leads to enhanced glucose tolerance and improved hepatic insulin action. Nat Med 2005; 11:567-71. [PMID: 15821749 DOI: 10.1038/nm1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 are known to transduce and amplify signals emanating from the insulin receptor. Here we show that Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), despite its structural similarity to IRS proteins, is a negative modulator of hepatic insulin action. Liver-specific Gab1 knockout (LGKO) mice showed enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity with reduced glycemia and improved glucose tolerance. In LGKO liver, basal and insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 was elevated, accompanied by enhanced Akt/PKB activation. Conversely, Erk activation by insulin was suppressed in LGKO liver, leading to defective IRS-1 Ser612 phosphorylation. Thus, Gab1 acts to attenuate, through promotion of the Erk pathway, insulin-elicited signals flowing through IRS and Akt proteins, which represents a novel balancing mechanism for control of insulin signal strength in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Bard-Chapeau
- Signal Transduction Program, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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