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Wu L, Lambert JD. Clade-specific genes and the evolutionary origin of novelty; new tools in the toolkit. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 145:52-59. [PMID: 35659164 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clade-specific (a.k.a. lineage-specific) genes are very common and found at all taxonomic levels and in all clades examined. They can arise by duplication of previously existing genes, which can involve partial truncations or combinations with other protein domains or regulatory sequences. They can also evolve de novo from non-coding sequences, leading to potentially truly novel protein domains. Finally, since clade-specific genes are generally defined by lack of sequence homology with other proteins, they can also arise by sequence evolution that is rapid enough that previous sequence homology can no longer be detected. In such cases, where the rapid evolution is followed by constraint, we consider them to be ontologically non-novel but likely novel at a functional level. In general, clade-specific genes have received less attention from biologists but there are increasing numbers of fascinating examples of their roles in important traits. Here we review some selected recent examples, and argue that attention to clade-specific genes is an important corrective to the focus on the conserved developmental regulatory toolkit that has been the habit of evo-devo as a field. Finally, we discuss questions that arise about the evolution of clade-specific genes, and how these might be addressed by future studies. We highlight the hypothesis that clade-specific genes are more likely to be involved in synapomorphies that arose in the stem group where they appeared, compared to other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - J David Lambert
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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2
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Li Q, Chen J, Faux P, Delgado ME, Bonfante B, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Mendoza-Revilla J, Chacón-Duque JC, Hurtado M, Villegas V, Granja V, Jaramillo C, Arias W, Barquera R, Everardo-Martínez P, Sánchez-Quinto M, Gómez-Valdés J, Villamil-Ramírez H, Silva de Cerqueira CC, Hünemeier T, Ramallo V, Wu S, Du S, Giardina A, Paria SS, Khokan MR, Gonzalez-José R, Schüler-Faccini L, Bortolini MC, Acuña-Alonzo V, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gallo C, Poletti G, Rojas W, Rothhammer F, Navarro N, Wang S, Adhikari K, Ruiz-Linares A. Automatic landmarking identifies new loci associated with face morphology and implicates Neanderthal introgression in human nasal shape. Commun Biol 2023; 6:481. [PMID: 37156940 PMCID: PMC10167347 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a genome-wide association study of facial features in >6000 Latin Americans based on automatic landmarking of 2D portraits and testing for association with inter-landmark distances. We detected significant associations (P-value <5 × 10-8) at 42 genome regions, nine of which have been previously reported. In follow-up analyses, 26 of the 33 novel regions replicate in East Asians, Europeans, or Africans, and one mouse homologous region influences craniofacial morphology in mice. The novel region in 1q32.3 shows introgression from Neanderthals and we find that the introgressed tract increases nasal height (consistent with the differentiation between Neanderthals and modern humans). Novel regions include candidate genes and genome regulatory elements previously implicated in craniofacial development, and show preferential transcription in cranial neural crest cells. The automated approach used here should simplify the collection of large study samples from across the world, facilitating a cosmopolitan characterization of the genetics of facial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pierre Faux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Miguel Eduardo Delgado
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Betty Bonfante
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - Javier Mendoza-Revilla
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - J Camilo Chacón-Duque
- Division of Vertebrates and Anthropology, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Malena Hurtado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Valeria Villegas
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Vanessa Granja
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Claudia Jaramillo
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - William Arias
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Paola Everardo-Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Mirsha Sánchez-Quinto
- Forensic Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Mexico City, 06320, Mexico
| | - Jorge Gómez-Valdés
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico
| | | | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Virginia Ramallo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - Sijie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Andrea Giardina
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Subhra Paria
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman Khokan
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Rolando Gonzalez-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, U9129ACD, Argentina
| | - Lavinia Schüler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Victor Acuña-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14050, Mexico, 6600, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Perú
| | - Winston Rojas
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 5001000, Colombia
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica, 1000000, Chile
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Sijia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Mugge L, Dang DD, Stabingas K, Keating G, Rossi C, Keating R. MN1 altered astroblastoma with APC and LRP1B gene mutations: a unique variant in the cervical spine of a pediatric patient. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1309-1315. [PMID: 36648513 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Astroblastomas (AB) are high-grade neoplasms which typically occur within the cerebral hemisphere. However, given the rarity of this neoplasm and the number of variants, the relevance of this molecular makeup is unknown. We sought to describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and pathological analysis of a novel MN1 (meningioma 1) cervical spinal cord astroblastoma variant presenting in a pediatric patient. METHODS A retrospective review of electronic medical records was performed with an emphasis on neuroimaging, perioperative course, and pathological analysis. RESULTS An 11-month-old male with no significant history presented with two weeks of neck stiffness and cervicalgia. Neurologically, the patient was intact without signs of infection or trauma. Cervical CT was unremarkable. A subsequent MRI demonstrated a heterogeneously enhancing intramedullary lesion extending from the craniocervical junction to T4. The patient was treated with perioperative steroids and underwent C1-C3 laminectomies and C4-T4 laminotomies for tumor resection. Upon completion of the durotomy, an exophytic gray-red tumor was appreciated within the epidural space and gross total resection was achieved (no change on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring) and confirmed on post-operative imaging. Immunohistochemical analysis was consistent with an astroblastoma with atypical diffuse positivity of CD56, CD99, and nuclear OLIG2. Molecular analysis revealed not only MN1 alterations but also changes in genes encoding APC and LRP1B. Both alterations were not previously documented to be associated with an astroblastoma. CONCLUSION Our case represents the first report of an infant with an MN1 astroblastoma with APC and LRP1B gene alterations in the cervical spine. Gross total resection paired with a detailed histopathologic analysis is vital for optimizing adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Mugge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, Inova Neuroscience and Spine Institute, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.
| | - Danielle D Dang
- Department of Neurosciences, Inova Neuroscience and Spine Institute, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Kristen Stabingas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory Keating
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert Keating
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Tokita M, Sato H. Creating morphological diversity in reptilian temporal skull region: A review of potential developmental mechanisms. Evol Dev 2023; 25:15-31. [PMID: 36250751 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reptilian skull morphology is highly diverse and broadly categorized into three categories based on the number and position of the temporal fenestrations: anapsid, synapsid, and diapsid. According to recent phylogenetic analysis, temporal fenestrations evolved twice independently in amniotes, once in Synapsida and once in Diapsida. Although functional aspects underlying the evolution of tetrapod temporal fenestrations have been well investigated, few studies have investigated the developmental mechanisms responsible for differences in the pattern of temporal skull region. To determine what these mechanisms might be, we first examined how the five temporal bones develop by comparing embryonic cranial osteogenesis between representative extant reptilian species. The pattern of temporal skull region may depend on differences in temporal bone growth rate and growth direction during ontogeny. Next, we compared the histogenesis patterns and the expression of two key osteogenic genes, Runx2 and Msx2, in the temporal region of the representative reptilian embryos. Our comparative analyses suggest that the embryonic histological condition of the domain where temporal fenestrations would form predicts temporal skull morphology in adults and regulatory modifications of Runx2 and Msx2 expression in osteogenic mesenchymal precursor cells are likely involved in generating morphological diversity in the temporal skull region of reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Chen K, Yong J, Zauner R, Wally V, Whitelock J, Sajinovic M, Kopecki Z, Liang K, Scott KF, Mellick AS. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 as a Marker for Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225564. [PMID: 36428658 PMCID: PMC9688099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a cell surface proteoglycan that is currently under investigation as a marker of cancer malignancy, and as a potential target of anticancer drug treatment. CSPG4 acts as a driver of tumourigenesis by regulating turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote tumour cell invasion, migration as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. While CSPG4 has been widely studied in certain malignancies, such as melanoma, evidence is emerging from global gene expression studies, which suggests a role for CSPG4 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). While relatively treatable, lack of widely agreed upon diagnostic markers for SCCs is problematic, especially for clinicians managing certain patients, including those who are aged or infirm, as well as those with underlying conditions such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB), for which a delayed diagnosis is likely lethal. In this review, we have discussed the structure of CSPG4, and quantitatively analysed CSPG4 expression in the tissues and pathologies where it has been identified to determine the usefulness of CSPG4 expression as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in management of malignant SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Chen
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Joel Yong
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Roland Zauner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - John Whitelock
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mila Sajinovic
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Kieran Francis Scott
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Albert Sleiman Mellick
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Yu J, Li C, Chen J, Ran Q, Zhao Y, Cao Q, Chen X, Yu L, Li W, Zhao Z. Diagnosis and treatment of MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1965. [PMID: 36124717 PMCID: PMC9651612 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) is a rare syndrome; only 27 cases have been reported. We report the first case of an 8-year-old girl with MCTT syndrome complicated with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS MCTT syndrome was diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and validated by Sanger sequencing. The patient received 2 years of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to relieve sleep apnea and hypoxia, and a reverse sector fan-shaped expander for maxillary expansion. RESULTS WES revealed a de novo MN1 variant, c.3760C>T (p.[Q1254*]). An arachnoid cyst was found in the right occipital brain. The patient presented mild symptoms of classic MCTT syndrome. The patient did not experience hearing loss and only mild intellectual disability. Radiological examinations showed cleft secondary palate, narrow upper arch, narrow upper airway, and mandibular skeletal retrusion. Polysomnography indicated moderate OSA, with an apnea/hypopnea index of 6.8, which decreased to 1 after CPAP during the night. Two-year maxillary expansion widened the upper arch, and the cleft secondary palate became visible. The mandible moved forward spontaneously, resulting in the improvement of profile and upper airway widening. General physical conditions, such as motor delay, muscle weakness, and developmental delay, were significantly improved two years later. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discovered a MN1 variant [NM_002430.2: c.3760C>T, p.Q1254*] that causes mild MCTT symptoms compared to other MN1 variants. For patients with MCTT complicated with OSA, multidisciplinary combination therapy can improve maxillofacial development, widen the upper airway and relieve sleep apnea, improving the general physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Yu
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuchi Ran
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingxin Cao
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Ximeng Chen
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Linnan Yu
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenjin Zhao
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
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Tian Q, Shu L, Zhang P, Zeng T, Cao Y, Xi H, Peng Y, Wang Y, Mao X, Wang H. MN1 Neurodevelopmental Disease-Atypical Phenotype Due to a Novel Frameshift Variant in the MN1 Gene. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:789778. [PMID: 34975401 PMCID: PMC8716923 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.789778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome is caused by variants in the C-terminal region of MN1, which were first described in 2020. The clinical features of MCTT syndrome includes severe neurodevelopmental and brain abnormalities. We reported on a patient who carried the MN1 variant in the C-terminal region with mild developmental delay and normal brain magnetic resonance image (MRI). Methods: Detailed clinical information was collected in the pedigree. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) accompanied with Sanger sequencing validation were performed. A functional study based on HEK239T cells was performed. Results: A de novo heterozygous c.3734delT: p.L1245fs variant was detected. HEK239T cells transinfected with the de novo variant showed decreased proliferation, enhanced apoptotic rate, and MN1 nuclear aggregation. Conclusion: Our study expended the clinical and genetic spectrum of MCTT which contributes to the genetic counseling of the MN1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- The Ministry of Education and Science, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Radiology, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Mao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
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8
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Zhao A, Shu D, Zhang D, Yang B, Hong L, Wang A, Yao R, Wang J, Lv H, Wang J, Shen Y, Wang H, Gu Q. Novel truncating variant of MN1 penultimate exon identified in a Chinese patient with newly recognized MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome: Case report and literature review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 82:96-103. [PMID: 34708882 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome is a newly recognized neurodevelopmental disorder due to heterozygous gain-of-function C-terminal truncating mutations clustering in the last or penultimate exon of MN1 gene (MIM: 156100). Up to date, only 25 affected patients have been reported. Here, we report a 2-year-old Chinese girl with MCTT syndrome. The girl presented with the characteristic features of the syndrome, including global developmental delay (GDD), facial dysmorphism and hearing impairment. Notably, the patient did not have other frequently observed symptoms such as hypotonia, cranial or brain abnormalities, indicating variability of the phenotype of patients with MN1 C-terminal truncating mutations. Trio whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo heterozygous nonsense variant in the extreme 3' region of penultimate exon of MN1 (NM_002430.3: c.3743G > A, p.Trp1248*). This rare truncating variant was classified as pathogenic due to its predicted gain-of-function effect, given that the gain-of-function MN1 truncating variants producing C-terminally truncated proteins have been confirmed to cause the recognizable syndrome. Additionally, a systematic review of previously reported MN1 variants including C-terminal truncating variants and N-terminal truncating variants shows that different location of MN1 truncating variants causes two distinct clinical subtypes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MCTT syndrome caused by a novel MN1 C-terminal truncating variant in a Chinese population, which enriched the mutation spectrum of MN1 gene and further supporting the association of the novel MCTT syndrome with MN1 C-terminal truncating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daxue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liyi Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Andi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Pintus SS, Akberdin IR, Yevshin I, Makhnovskii P, Tyapkina O, Nigmetzyanov I, Nurullin L, Devyatiyarov R, Shagimardanova E, Popov D, Kolpakov FA, Gusev O, Gazizova GR. Genome-Wide Atlas of Promoter Expression Reveals Contribution of Transcribed Regulatory Elements to Genetic Control of Disuse-Mediated Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060557. [PMID: 34203013 PMCID: PMC8235325 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The genetic process underlying the control of skeletal muscle homeostasis is a key factor in methods that develop technologies to prevent age and immobility-driven atrophy. In the current paper, using advanced methods for the whole-genome profiling of transcription starting sites in fast and slow muscle in rats, we developed an integrative database of transcribed regulatory elements. Employing methods of comparative transcriptomics, we demonstrate that cis-regulatory elements are actively involved in the control of atrophy and recovery, and that the differential use of promoters and enhancers is the one of the key mechanisms that distinguishes between specific processes in slow and fast skeletal muscles. Abstract The prevention of muscle atrophy carries with it clinical significance for the control of increased morbidity and mortality following physical inactivity. While major transcriptional events associated with muscle atrophy-recovery processes are the subject of active research on the gene level, the contribution of non-coding regulatory elements and alternative promoter usage is a major source for both the production of alternative protein products and new insights into the activity of transcription factors. We used the cap-analysis of gene expression (CAGE) to create a genome-wide atlas of promoter-level transcription in fast (m. EDL) and slow (m. soleus) muscles in rats that were subjected to hindlimb unloading and subsequent recovery. We found that the genetic regulation of the atrophy-recovery cycle in two types of muscle is mediated by different pathways, including a unique set of non-coding transcribed regulatory elements. We showed that the activation of “shadow” enhancers is tightly linked to specific stages of atrophy and recovery dynamics, with the largest number of specific regulatory elements being transcriptionally active in the muscles on the first day of recovery after a week of disuse. The developed comprehensive database of transcription of regulatory elements will further stimulate research on the gene regulation of muscle homeostasis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S. Pintus
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
| | - Ilya R. Akberdin
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Yevshin
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
| | - Pavel Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123007, Russia; (P.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Oksana Tyapkina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420007 Kazan, Russia; (O.T.); (L.N.)
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Islam Nigmetzyanov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Leniz Nurullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420007 Kazan, Russia; (O.T.); (L.N.)
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ruslan Devyatiyarov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Daniil Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123007, Russia; (P.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
- Correspondence: or (F.A.K.); (O.G.); (G.R.G.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Functional Transcriptomics for Medical Genetic Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: or (F.A.K.); (O.G.); (G.R.G.)
| | - Guzel R. Gazizova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: or (F.A.K.); (O.G.); (G.R.G.)
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10
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Intrinsically disordered Meningioma-1 stabilizes the BAF complex to cause AML. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2332-2348.e9. [PMID: 33974912 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma-1 (MN1) overexpression in AML is associated with poor prognosis, and forced expression of MN1 induces leukemia in mice. We sought to determine how MN1 causes AML. We found that overexpression of MN1 can be induced by translocations that result in hijacking of a downstream enhancer. Structure predictions revealed that the entire MN1 coding frame is disordered. We identified the myeloid progenitor-specific BAF complex as the key interaction partner of MN1. MN1 over-stabilizes BAF on enhancer chromatin, a function directly linked to the presence of a long polyQ-stretch within MN1. BAF over-stabilization at binding sites of transcription factors regulating a hematopoietic stem/progenitor program prevents the developmentally appropriate decommissioning of these enhancers and results in impaired myeloid differentiation and leukemia. Beyond AML, our data detail how the overexpression of a polyQ protein, in the absence of any coding sequence mutation, can be sufficient to cause malignant transformation.
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11
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Shu L, He D, Wu D, Peng Y, Xi H, Mao X, Wang H. MN1 gene loss-of-function mutation causes cleft palate in a pedigree. Brain 2021; 144:e18. [PMID: 33351070 PMCID: PMC7940500 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dinghua He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Mao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Xiao Mao E-mail:
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Correspondence to: Hua Wang Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China E-mail:
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12
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Vegas N, Low K, Mak CCY, Fung JLF, Hing AV, Chung BHY, Doherty D, Amiel J, Gordon CT. Reply: MN1 gene loss-of-function mutation causes cleft palate in a pedigree. Brain 2021; 144:e19. [PMID: 33351141 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vegas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karen Low
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michaels Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol BS2 8EJ, UK
| | - Christopher C Y Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasmine L F Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anne V Hing
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Seattle Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christopher T Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
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13
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Mak CCY, Doherty D, Lin AE, Vegas N, Cho MT, Viot G, Dimartino C, Weisfeld-Adams JD, Lessel D, Joss S, Li C, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Zarate YA, Ehmke N, Horn D, Troyer C, Kant SG, Lee Y, Ishak GE, Leung G, Barone Pritchard A, Yang S, Bend EG, Filippini F, Roadhouse C, Lebrun N, Mehaffey MG, Martin PM, Apple B, Millan F, Puk O, Hoffer MJV, Henderson LB, McGowan R, Wentzensen IM, Pei S, Zahir FR, Yu M, Gibson WT, Seman A, Steeves M, Murrell JR, Luettgen S, Francisco E, Strom TM, Amlie-Wolf L, Kaindl AM, Wilson WG, Halbach S, Basel-Salmon L, Lev-El N, Denecke J, Vissers LELM, Radtke K, Chelly J, Zackai E, Friedman JM, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Reid RR, Devriendt K, Chae JH, Stolerman E, McDougall C, Powis Z, Bienvenu T, Tan TY, Orenstein N, Dobyns WB, Shieh JT, Choi M, Waggoner D, Gripp KW, Parker MJ, Stoler J, Lyonnet S, Cormier-Daire V, Viskochil D, Hoffman TL, Amiel J, Chung BHY, Gordon CT. MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome is a novel neurodevelopmental and craniofacial disorder with partial rhombencephalosynapsis. Brain 2020; 143:55-68. [PMID: 31834374 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MN1 encodes a transcriptional co-regulator without homology to other proteins, previously implicated in acute myeloid leukaemia and development of the palate. Large deletions encompassing MN1 have been reported in individuals with variable neurodevelopmental anomalies and non-specific facial features. We identified a cluster of de novo truncating mutations in MN1 in a cohort of 23 individuals with strikingly similar dysmorphic facial features, especially midface hypoplasia, and intellectual disability with severe expressive language delay. Imaging revealed an atypical form of rhombencephalosynapsis, a distinctive brain malformation characterized by partial or complete loss of the cerebellar vermis with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, in 8/10 individuals. Rhombencephalosynapsis has no previously known definitive genetic or environmental causes. Other frequent features included perisylvian polymicrogyria, abnormal posterior clinoid processes and persistent trigeminal artery. MN1 is encoded by only two exons. All mutations, including the recurrent variant p.Arg1295* observed in 8/21 probands, fall in the terminal exon or the extreme 3' region of exon 1, and are therefore predicted to result in escape from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This was confirmed in fibroblasts from three individuals. We propose that the condition described here, MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome, is not due to MN1 haploinsufficiency but rather is the result of dominantly acting C-terminally truncated MN1 protein. Our data show that MN1 plays a critical role in human craniofacial and brain development, and opens the door to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying rhombencephalosynapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Y Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Vegas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Géraldine Viot
- Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre (HUPC), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Clémantine Dimartino
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - James D Weisfeld-Adams
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chumei Li
- McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yuri A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nadja Ehmke
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caitlin Troyer
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Youngha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gordon Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | - Eric G Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.,PreventionGenetics, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Francesca Filippini
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lebrun
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Apple
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Oliver Puk
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mariette J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth McGowan
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Steven Pei
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Farah R Zahir
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mullin Yu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ann Seman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcie Steeves
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabine Luettgen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Louise Amlie-Wolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, A I duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Neurology and Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - William G Wilson
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sara Halbach
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Lev-El
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Radtke
- Clinical Genomics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan M Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Russell R Reid
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zöe Powis
- Clinical Genomics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Tiong Y Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Naama Orenstein
- Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darrel Waggoner
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, A I duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Joan Stoler
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Christopher T Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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14
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Schwaller J. Role of Meningioma 1 for maintaining the transformed state in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia: potential for therapeutic intervention? Haematologica 2020; 105:1174-1176. [PMID: 32358078 PMCID: PMC7193464 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.246348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juerg Schwaller
- University Children’s Hospital beider Basel (UKBB), Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel, Switzerland
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15
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The reciprocal world of MLL fusions: A personal view. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194547. [PMID: 32294539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years the Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia (DCAL) at the Frankfurt University has diagnosed and elucidated the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) recombinome with >100 MLL fusion partners. When analyzing all these different events, balanced chromosomal translocations were found to comprise the majority of these cases (~70%), while other types of genetic rearrangements (3-way-translocations, spliced fusions, 11q inversions, interstitial deletions or insertion of chromosomal fragments into other chromosomes) account for about 30%. In nearly all those complex cases, functional fusion proteins can be produced by transcription, splicing and translation. With a few exceptions (10 out of 102 fusion genes which were per se out-of-frame), all these genetic rearrangements produced a direct MLL fusion gene, and in 94% of cases an additional reciprocal fusion gene. So far, 114 patients (out of 2454 = ~5%) have been diagnosed only with the reciprocal fusion allele, displaying no MLL-X allele. The fact that so many MLL rearrangements bear at least two fusion alleles, but also our findings that several direct MLL fusions were either out-of-frame fusions or missing, raises the question about the function and importance of reciprocal MLL fusions. Recent findings also demonstrate the presence of reciprocal MLL fusions in sarcoma patients. Here, we want to discuss the role of reciprocal MLL fusion proteins for leukemogenesis and beyond.
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16
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Containing Arsenic Treated MDS Patients Effectively through Regulating Aberrant Hypomethylation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7469809. [PMID: 32215045 PMCID: PMC7085376 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7469809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hypermethylation and hypomethylation both play important roles in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Hypomethylating agents targeting hypermethylation have been employed for the MDS treatment, but the treatment effect is limited. Novel drugs for DNA hypomethylation-targeted therapy may be needed to improve clinic efficacy for the treatment of MDS. Chinese medicine (CM) herbs have been used to treat MDS for many years in our hospital. However, the long-term treatment effect and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, all 135 patients received CM treatment for at least 36 months. The response rates for CM treatment were 81.53% (106/130) for hematological improvement in 130 MDS-RCMD patients and 80% (4/5) for bone marrow CR in 5 MDS-RAEB patients, respectively. The Human Methylation 850K BeadChip showed that 115 genes (50.88%) were aberrantly hypomethylated in 5 MDS patients compared with 3 healthy individuals. GO-analysis showed that these hypomethylated genes participated in many cancer-related biological functions and pathways. Furthermore, 60 genes were hypermethylated and the protein expression level of DNMT1 was significantly increased in the 5 MDS patients after 6 months of CM treatment. Our study suggests that CM can improve aberrant hypomethylation by increasing DNMT1 expression in MDS. The data support the clinical application of CM herbs containing arsenic as an innovative hypermethylation-inducing regimen for the treatment of MDS.
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17
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Gain-of-Function MN1 Truncation Variants Cause a Recognizable Syndrome with Craniofacial and Brain Abnormalities. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:13-25. [PMID: 31839203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MN1 was originally identified as a tumor-suppressor gene. Knockout mouse studies have suggested that Mn1 is associated with craniofacial development. However, no MN1-related phenotypes have been established in humans. Here, we report on three individuals who have de novo MN1 variants that lead to a protein lacking the carboxyl (C) terminus and who presented with severe developmental delay, craniofacial abnormalities with specific facial features, and structural abnormalities in the brain. An in vitro study revealed that the deletion of the C-terminal region led to increased protein stability, an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, and enhanced MN1 aggregation in nuclei compared to what occurred in the wild type, suggesting that a gain-of-function mechanism is involved in this disease. Considering that C-terminal deletion increases the fraction of intrinsically disordered regions of MN1, it is possible that altered phase separation could be involved in the mechanism underlying the disease. Our data indicate that MN1 participates in transcriptional regulation of target genes through interaction with the transcription factors PBX1, PKNOX1, and ZBTB24 and that mutant MN1 impairs the binding with ZBTB24 and RING1, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. On the basis of our findings, we propose the model that C-terminal deletion interferes with MN1's interaction molecules related to the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway, including RING1, and increases the amount of the mutant protein; this increase leads to the dysregulation of MN1 target genes by inhibiting rapid MN1 protein turnover.
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18
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Sharma A, Jyotsana N, Gabdoulline R, Heckl D, Kuchenbauer F, Slany RK, Ganser A, Heuser M. Meningioma 1 is indispensable for mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:1294-1305. [PMID: 31413090 PMCID: PMC7193500 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.211201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL/KMT2A) rearrangements (MLL-r) are one of the most frequent chromosomal aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia. We evaluated the function of Meningioma 1 (MN1), a co-factor of HOXA9 and MEIS1, in human and murine MLL-rearranged leukemia by CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of MN1. MN1 was required for in vivo leukemogenicity of MLL positive murine and human leukemia cells. Loss of MN1 inhibited cell cycle and proliferation, promoted apoptosis and induced differentiation of MLL-rearranged cells. Expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing from previously reported data sets demonstrated that MN1 primarily maintains active transcription of HOXA9 and HOXA10, which are critical downstream genes of MLL, and their target genes like BCL2, MCL1 and Survivin. Treatment of MLL-rearranged primary leukemia cells with anti-MN1 siRNA significantly reduced their clonogenic potential in contrast to normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting a therapeutic window for MN1 targeting. In summary, our findings demonstrate that MN1 plays an essential role in MLL fusion leukemias and serve as a therapeutic target in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nidhi Jyotsana
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Razif Gabdoulline
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Robert K Slany
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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High expression of meningioma 1 is correlated with reduced survival rates in colorectal cancer patients. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:628-637. [PMID: 31133374 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC) has important clinical implications. However, the association between meningioma 1 (MN1) expression and clinical outcomes of CRC has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MN1 in the clinical context of CRC. We first used immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to examine and compare MN1 expression between multiple human cancer tissues and normal tissues. Initial screening revealed that the expression of MN1 proteins was significantly higher in tumor tissues of the breast, colon, and liver than in normal tissues. In further testing conducted on 59 paired CRC samples, we observed that the expression of MN1 in CRC tissue samples was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, high MN1 expression was not significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high expression of MN1 mRNA or MN1 protein was significantly associated with poor CRC prognosis. Furthermore, univariate Cox analysis revealed that a high MN1 score was significantly associated with prognostic factors. Multivariate Cox analysis further indicated that gender, histologic grade, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and a high MN1 score were independent factors of overall CRC survival rates. Finally, MN1 and PCNA protein levels were positively correlated, which suggests that MN1 may be involved in the cell proliferation process during CRC formation. Our results, which confirm those of other studies, indicate that (1) high levels of MN1 expression contribute to poor CRC prognosis and (2) MN1 can serve as a novel potential biomarker in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.
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20
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Usui K, Tokita M. Creating diversity in mammalian facial morphology: a review of potential developmental mechanisms. EvoDevo 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29946416 PMCID: PMC6003202 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals (class Mammalia) have evolved diverse craniofacial morphology to adapt to a wide range of ecological niches. However, the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the diversification of mammalian craniofacial morphology remain largely unknown. In this paper, we focus on the facial length and orofacial clefts of mammals and deduce potential mechanisms that produced diversity in mammalian facial morphology. Small-scale changes in facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as slight changes in facial length and the evolution of the midline cleft in some lineages of bats, could be attributed to heterochrony in facial bone ossification. In contrast, large-scale changes of facial morphology from the common ancestor, such as a truncated, widened face as well as the evolution of the bilateral cleft possessed by some bat species, could be brought about by changes in growth and patterning of the facial primordium (the facial processes) at the early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Usui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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21
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Hoebel AK, Drichel D, van de Vorst M, Böhmer AC, Sivalingam S, Ishorst N, Klamt J, Gölz L, Alblas M, Maaser A, Keppler K, Zink AM, Dixon MJ, Dixon J, Hemprich A, Kruse T, Graf I, Dunsche A, Schmidt G, Daratsianos N, Nowak S, Aldhorae KA, Nöthen MM, Knapp M, Thiele H, Gilissen C, Reutter H, Hoischen A, Mangold E, Ludwig KU. Candidate Genes for Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Detected by Exome Sequencing. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1314-1321. [PMID: 28767323 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517722761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO) is a facial malformation that has a livebirth prevalence of 1 in 2,500. Research suggests that the etiology of nsCPO is multifactorial, with a clear genetic component. To date, genome-wide association studies have identified only 1 conclusive common variant for nsCPO, that is, a missense variant in the gene grainyhead-like-3 ( GRHL3). Thus, the underlying genetic causes of nsCPO remain largely unknown. The present study aimed at identifying rare variants that might contribute to nsCPO risk, via whole-exome sequencing (WES), in multiply affected Central European nsCPO pedigrees. WES was performed in 2 affected first-degree relatives from each family. Variants shared between both individuals were analyzed for their potential deleterious nature and a low frequency in the general population. Genes carrying promising variants were annotated for 1) reported associations with facial development, 2) multiple occurrence of variants, and 3) expression in mouse embryonic palatal shelves. This strategy resulted in the identification of a set of 26 candidate genes that were resequenced in 132 independent nsCPO cases and 623 independent controls of 2 different ethnicities, using molecular inversion probes. No rare loss-of-function mutation was identified in either WES or resequencing step. However, we identified 2 or more missense variants predicted to be deleterious in each of 3 genes ( ACACB, PTPRS, MIB1) in individuals from independent families. In addition, the analyses identified a novel variant in GRHL3 in 1 patient and a variant in CREBBP in 2 siblings. Both genes underlie different syndromic forms of CPO. A plausible hypothesis is that the apparently nonsyndromic clefts in these 3 patients might represent hypomorphic forms of the respective syndromes. In summary, the present study identified rare variants that might contribute to nsCPO risk and suggests candidate genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Hoebel
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Drichel
- 3 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,4 Cologne Center for Genomics, Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M van de Vorst
- 5 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A C Böhmer
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Sivalingam
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ishorst
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Klamt
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Gölz
- 6 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Alblas
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Maaser
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Keppler
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A M Zink
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M J Dixon
- 7 Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Dixon
- 7 Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Hemprich
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Kruse
- 9 Department of Orthodontics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Graf
- 9 Department of Orthodontics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Dunsche
- 10 Clinics Karlsruhe, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Schmidt
- 11 Department of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Daratsianos
- 6 Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Nowak
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K A Aldhorae
- 12 Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - M M Nöthen
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Knapp
- 13 Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H Thiele
- 14 Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Gilissen
- 5 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Reutter
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,15 Department of Neonatology &Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Hoischen
- 5 Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,16 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,17 Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Mangold
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K U Ludwig
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,2 Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Shafik RE, Hassan NM, El Meligui YM, Shafik HE. The Meningioma 1 (MN1) Gene is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Adult Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:609-613. [PMID: 28440611 PMCID: PMC5464473 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the prognostic importance of meningioma 1 (MN1) gene expression levels in the context of other predictive markers for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Methods: MN1 expression was measured in 85 newly diagnosed adults younger than 60 years by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: At diagnosis 67.4% of cases had elevated MN1 expression, this being associated with a worse prognosis, higher incidence of lymphadenopathy and CD34 transcript expression (p=0.02 and <0.001, respectively). No other molecular or clinical characteristics were significantly associated with MN1expression. Patients with high MN1 expression had lower complete response rate at day 15 compared to patients with low MN1 expression (p=0.09) and a significantly higher relapse rate (21.1% versus 7.7%, respectively, p=0.04). Patients with high MN1 expression had shorter TTP compared to those with low expression, p= 0.07. Conclusion: MN1 expression may predict outcome in AML patients. The MN1 gene and micro RNA expression suggest a biological feature that could be used as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxan E Shafik
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Medical Oncology Department, Egypt.
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23
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Bosson C, Devillard F, Satre V, Dieterich K, Ray PF, Morand B, Dubois-Teklali F, Vieville G, Andrieux J, Brouillet S, Amblard F, Jouk PS, Coutton C. Microdeletion del(22)(q12.1) excluding the MN1 gene in a patient with craniofacial anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:498-503. [PMID: 26545049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have recently reported that 22q12.1 deletions encompassing the MN1 gene are associated with craniofacial anomalies. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that MN1 haploinsufficiency may be solely responsible for craniofacial anomalies and/or cleft palate. We report here the case of a 4-year-old boy presenting with global developmental delay and craniofacial anomalies including severe maxillary protrusion and retromicrognathia. Array-CGH detected a 2.4 Mb de novo deletion of chromosome 22q12.1 which did not encompass the MN1 gene thought to be the main pathological candidate in 22q12.1 deletions. This observation, combined with data from other patients from the Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensemble Resources (DECIPHER), suggests that other gene(s) in the 22q12.1 region are likely involved in craniofacial anomalies and/or may contribute to the phenotypic variability observed in patients with MN1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bosson
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Satre
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility", Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility", Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France.,CHU de Grenoble, UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Béatrice Morand
- Service de chirurgie plastique et maxillo-faciale, Pôle tête et cou et chirurgie réparatrice, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Vieville
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Brouillet
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Inserm U1036, Biologie du cancer et de l'infection, iRTSV, CEA de Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Amblard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,UMR CNRS 5525 TIMC-IMAG, équipe DYCTIM, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility", Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
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24
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Mapping of Craniofacial Traits in Outbred Mice Identifies Major Developmental Genes Involved in Shape Determination. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005607. [PMID: 26523602 PMCID: PMC4629907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate cranium is a prime example of the high evolvability of complex traits. While evidence of genes and developmental pathways underlying craniofacial shape determination is accumulating, we are still far from understanding how such variation at the genetic level is translated into craniofacial shape variation. Here we used 3D geometric morphometrics to map genes involved in shape determination in a population of outbred mice (Carworth Farms White, or CFW). We defined shape traits via principal component analysis of 3D skull and mandible measurements. We mapped genetic loci associated with shape traits at ~80,000 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms in ~700 male mice. We found that craniofacial shape and size are highly heritable, polygenic traits. Despite the polygenic nature of the traits, we identified 17 loci that explain variation in skull shape, and 8 loci associated with variation in mandible shape. Together, the associated variants account for 11.4% of skull and 4.4% of mandible shape variation, however, the total additive genetic variance associated with phenotypic variation was estimated in ~45%. Candidate genes within the associated loci have known roles in craniofacial development; this includes 6 transcription factors and several regulators of bone developmental pathways. One gene, Mn1, has an unusually large effect on shape variation in our study. A knockout of this gene was previously shown to affect negatively the development of membranous bones of the cranial skeleton, and evolutionary analysis shows that the gene has arisen at the base of the bony vertebrates (Eutelostomi), where the ossified head first appeared. Therefore, Mn1 emerges as a key gene for both skull formation and within-population shape variation. Our study shows that it is possible to identify important developmental genes through genome-wide mapping of high-dimensional shape features in an outbred population. Formation of the face, mandible, and skull is determined in part by genetic factors, but the relationship between genetic variation and craniofacial development is not well understood. We demonstrate how recent advances in mouse genomics and statistical methods can be used to identify genes involved in craniofacial development. We use outbred mice together with a dense panel of genetic markers to identify genetic loci affecting craniofacial shape. Some of the loci we identify are also known from past studies to contribute to craniofacial development and bone formation. For example, the top candidate gene identified in this study, Mn1, is a gene that appeared at a time when animals started to form bony skulls, suggesting that it may be a key gene in this evolutionary innovation. This further suggests that Mn1 and other genes involved in head formation are also responsible for more fine-grained regulation of its shape. Our results confirm that the outbred mouse population used in this study is suitable to identify single genetic factors even under conditions where many genes cooperate to generate a complex phenotype.
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Danescu A, Mattson M, Dool C, Diewert VM, Richman JM. Analysis of human soft palate morphogenesis supports regional regulation of palatal fusion. J Anat 2015; 227:474-86. [PMID: 26299693 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is essential to complete palate closure at the correct time during fetal development, otherwise a serious malformation, cleft palate, will ensue. The steps in palate formation in humans take place between the 7th and 12th week and consist of outgrowth of palatal shelves from the paired maxillary prominences, reorientation of the shelves from vertical to horizontal, apposition of the medial surfaces, formation of a bilayered seam, degradation of the seam and bridging of mesenchyme. However, in the soft palate, the mechanism of closure is unclear. In previous studies it is possible to find support for both fusion and the alternative mechanism of merging. Here we densely sample the late embryonic-early fetal period between 54 and 74 days post-conception to determine the timing and mechanism of soft palate closure. We found the epithelial seam extends throughout the soft palates of 57-day specimens. Cytokeratin antibody staining detected the medial edge epithelium and distinguished clearly that cells in the midline retained their epithelial character. Compared with the hard palate, the epithelium is more rapidly degraded in the soft palate and only persists in the most posterior regions at 64 days. Our results are consistent with the soft palate following a developmentally more rapid program of fusion than the hard palate. Importantly, the two regions of the palate appear to be independently regulated and have their own internal clocks regulating the timing of seam removal. Considering data from human genetic and mouse studies, distinct anterior-posterior signaling mechanisms are likely to be at play in the human fetal palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Danescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melanie Mattson
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carly Dool
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Virginia M Diewert
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Breckpot J, Anderlid BM, Alanay Y, Blyth M, Brahimi A, Duban-Bedu B, Gozé O, Firth H, Yakicier MC, Hens G, Rayyan M, Legius E, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K. Chromosome 22q12.1 microdeletions: confirmation of the MN1 gene as a candidate gene for cleft palate. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:51-8. [PMID: 25944382 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on seven novel patients with a submicroscopic 22q12 deletion. The common phenotype constitutes a contiguous gene deletion syndrome on chromosome 22q12.1q12.2, featuring NF2-related schwannoma of the vestibular nerve, corpus callosum agenesis and palatal defects. Combining our results with the literature, eight patients are recorded with palatal defects in association with haploinsufficiency of 22q12.1, including the MN1 gene. These observations, together with the mouse expression data and the finding of craniofacial malformations including cleft palate in a Mn1-knockout mouse model, suggest that this gene is a candidate gene for cleft palate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Moira Blyth
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Afane Brahimi
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital St-Vincent-de-Paul, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Duban-Bedu
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital St-Vincent-de-Paul, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Odile Gozé
- Service Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - Helen Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Greet Hens
- ENT Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maissa Rayyan
- Neonatology Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Legius
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Beck M, Peterson JF, McConnell J, McGuire M, Asato M, Losee JE, Surti U, Madan-Khetarpal S, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko SA. Craniofacial abnormalities and developmental delay in two families with overlapping 22q12.1 microdeletions involving theMN1gene. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1047-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Beck
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Jess F. Peterson
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Juliann McConnell
- Department of Medical Genetics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Marianne McGuire
- Department of Medical Genetics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Miya Asato
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Child Neurology; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph E. Losee
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Department of Medical Genetics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Svetlana A. Yatsenko
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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Meng L, Wang X, Torensma R, Von den Hoff JW, Bian Z. Lithium inhibits palatal fusion and osteogenic differentiation in palatal shelves in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:501-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reiter R, Brosch S, Lüdeke M, Fischbein E, Rinckleb A, Haase S, Schwandt A, Pickhard A, Maier C, Högel J, Vogel W. Do Orofacial Clefts Represent Different Genetic Entities? Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2015; 52:115-20. [DOI: 10.1597/13-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To contribute to the understanding of potential genetic differences between different cleft types. Method Analysis of family history concerning cleft type and search for cleft-type–specific associations in candidate genes performed in 98 individuals from 98 families. Results In a given family, the cleft type of a second case was more often identical to the index case than expected by chance. Each type of cleft (cleft lip [CL], cleft lip and palate [CLP], cleft palate only [CP], and submucous cleft palate only [SMCP]) was associated with different genes. Conclusion Family history indicates some specificity of cleft types. The observed phenotype-genotype associations were compatible with this interpretation in that significant associations occurred with disjoint sets of genes in each cleft type. These observations indicate that CL, CLP, CP, and SMCP might represent genetically different entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Reiter
- Section of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sibylle Brosch
- Section of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Lüdeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Fischbein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antje Rinckleb
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Haase
- Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Schwandt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Pickhard
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
This article will review the neuropathology of meningiomas. From the neurosurgeon's point of view, accurate neuropathological diagnosis will play an increasingly important role in clinical practice. Predicting an individual patient's prognosis will become ever more important with the advent of various new radiotherapeutic/radiosurgical modalities. Defining the optimal treatment for nonbenign meningiomas requires a robust and reproducible diagnosis. This review will therefore not only describe classical radiological and histopathological diagnosis, but will also focus on the emerging field of molecular neuropathology. Implementing these advances in our daily clinical routine holds the promise of improving diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hartmann
- Institut für Neuropathologie der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Miller R, DeCandio ML, Dixon-Mah Y, Giglio P, Vandergrift WA, Banik NL, Patel SJ, Varma AK, Das A. Molecular Targets and Treatment of Meningioma. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY 2014; 1:1000101. [PMID: 25485306 PMCID: PMC4255716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are by far the most common tumors arising from the meninges. A myriad of aberrant signaling pathways involved with meningioma tumorigenesis, have been discovered. Understanding these disrupted pathways will aid in deciphering the relationship between various genetic changes and their downstream effects on meningioma pathogenesis. An understanding of the genetic and molecular profile of meningioma would provide a valuable first step towards developing more effective treatments for this intracranial tumor. Chromosomes 1, 10, 14, 22, their associated genes, and other potential targets have been linked to meningioma proliferation and progression. It is presumed that through an understanding of these genetic factors, more educated meningioma treatment techniques can be implemented. Future therapies will include combinations of targeted molecular agents including gene therapy, si-RNA mediation, proton therapy, and other approaches as a result of continued progress in the understanding of genetic and biological changes associated with meningiomas. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the genetic, signaling and molecular profile of meningioma and possible treatments strategies associated with such profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickey Miller
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michele L. DeCandio
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yaenette Dixon-Mah
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - W Alex Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sunil. J. Patel
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Abhay K. Varma
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,Corresponding Authors: Arabinda Das and Abhay Varma, Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA, ,
| | - Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) & MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA,Corresponding Authors: Arabinda Das and Abhay Varma, Department of Neurosciences (Divisions of Neurology and Neurosurgery) and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA, ,
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Feng W, Choi I, Clouthier DE, Niswander L, Williams T. The Ptch1(DL) mouse: a new model to study lambdoid craniosynostosis and basal cell nevus syndrome-associated skeletal defects. Genesis 2013; 51:677-89. [PMID: 23897749 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models provide valuable opportunities for probing the underlying pathology of human birth defects. By using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-based screen for recessive mutations affecting craniofacial anatomy, we isolated a mouse strain, Dogface-like (DL), with abnormal skull and snout morphology. Examination of the skull indicated that these mice developed craniosynostosis of the lambdoid suture. Further analysis revealed skeletal defects related to the pathology of basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) including defects in development of the limbs, scapula, ribcage, secondary palate, cranial base, and cranial vault. In humans, BCNS is often associated with mutations in the Hedgehog receptor PTCH1 and genetic mapping in DL identified a point mutation at a splice donor site in Ptch1. By using genetic complementation analysis we determined that DL is a hypomorphic allele of Ptch1, leading to increased Hedgehog signaling. Two aberrant transcripts are generated by the mutated Ptch1(DL) gene, which would be predicted to reduce significantly the levels of functional Patched1 protein. This new Ptch1 allele broadens the mouse genetic reagents available to study the Hedgehog pathway and provides a valuable means to study the underlying skeletal abnormalities in BCNS. In addition, these results strengthen the connection between elevated Hedgehog signaling and craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Feng
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Regional DNA methylation differences between humans and chimpanzees are associated with genetic changes, transcriptional divergence and disease genes. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:446-54. [PMID: 23739127 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression have been proposed to have an important role in the evolutionary changes in phenotypes. Interspecific changes in gene expression can result not only from genetic changes in regulatory regions but also from epigenetic changes in such regions. Here we report the identification of genomic regions showing differences in DNA methylation between humans and chimpanzees (termed S-DMRs for species-specific differentially methylated regions) on chromosomes 21 and 22. These regional methylation differences are frequently associated with genes, including those relevant to a disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer. Methylation differences are often correlated with changes in promoter activity or alternative splicing. Comparative studies including other great ape species provide evidence for the contribution of genetic changes to some of these S-DMRs. Genetic changes responsible for the S-DMRs include gain or loss of CTCF-binding site and changes in CpG density in microsatellite repeats. Our results suggest that DNA methylation changes, often caused by small sequence changes, contribute to transcriptional and phenotypic diversification in hominid evolution.
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Kandilci A, Surtel J, Janke L, Neale G, Terranova S, Grosveld GC. Mapping of MN1 sequences necessary for myeloid transformation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61706. [PMID: 23626719 PMCID: PMC3634013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The MN1 oncogene is deregulated in human acute myeloid leukemia and its overexpression induces proliferation and represses myeloid differentiation of primitive human and mouse hematopoietic cells, leading to myeloid leukemia in mouse models. To delineate the sequences within MN1 necessary for MN1-induced leukemia, we tested the transforming capacity of in-frame deletion mutants, using retroviral transduction of mouse bone marrow. We found that integrity of the regions between amino acids 12 to 458 and 1119 to 1273 are required for MN1's in vivo transforming activity, generating myeloid leukemia with some mutants also producing T-cell lympho-leukemia and megakaryocytic leukemia. Although both full length MN1 and a mutant that lacks the residues between 12-228 (Δ12-228 mutant) repressed myeloid differentiation and increased myeloproliferative activity in vitro, the mutant lost its transforming activity in vivo. Both MN1 and Δ12-228 increased the frequency of common myeloid progentiors (CMP) in vitro and microarray comparisons of purified MN1-CMP and Δ12-228-CMP cells showed many differentially expressed genes including Hoxa9, Meis1, Myb, Runx2, Cebpa, Cebpb and Cebpd. This collection of immediate MN1-responsive candidate genes distinguishes the leukemic activity from the in vitro myeloproliferative capacity of this oncoprotein.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Count
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Sequence Deletion
- Survival Analysis
- Trans-Activators
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Kandilci
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Surtel
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Laura Janke
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Terranova
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in Turkish brain cancer patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:295791. [PMID: 23691496 PMCID: PMC3652122 DOI: 10.1155/2013/295791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective. It has been stated that brain cancers are an increasingly serious issue in many parts of the world. The aim of our study was to determine a possible relationship between Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and the risk of glioma and meningioma. Methods. We investigated the VDR Taq-I and VDR Fok-I gene polymorphisms in 100 brain cancer patients (including 44 meningioma cases and 56 glioma cases) and 122 age-matched healthy control subjects. This study was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RF LP). Results. VDR Fok-I ff genotype was significantly increased in meningioma patients (15.9%) compared with controls (2.5%), and carriers of Fok-I ff genotype had a 6.47-fold increased risk for meningioma cases. There was no significant difference between patients and controls for VDR Taq-I genotypes and alleles. Conclusions. We suggest that VDR Fok-I genotypes might affect the development of meningioma.
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36
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Reiter R, Brosch S, Lüdeke M, Fischbein E, Haase S, Pickhard A, Assum G, Schwandt A, Vogel W, Högel J, Maier C. Genetic and environmental risk factors for submucous cleft palate. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:97-103. [PMID: 22409215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A multifactorial aetiology with genetic and environmental factors is assumed for orofacial clefts. Submucous cleft palate (SMCP), a subgroup of cleft palates with insufficient median fusion of the muscles of the soft palate hidden under the mucosa, has a prevalence of 1:1,250-1:5,000. We described the prevalence of risk factors among 103 German patients with the subtype SMCP and genotyped 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 12 candidate genes for orofacial clefts. Analysis of risk factors yielded a positive history for maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy in 25.2% of the patients, and this was significantly more frequent than in the normal population. The group of patients differed in allele frequencies at SNP rs3917192 of the gene TGFB3 (nominal P = 0.053) and at SNP rs5752638 of the gene MN1 (nominal P = 0.075) compared with 279 control individuals. Our results indicate a potential role of maternal smoking during pregnancy for the formation of SMCP. The analysis of genetic variants hints at the contribution of TGFB3 and MN1 in the aetiology of SMCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Reiter
- Section of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Davidson TB, Sanchez-Lara PA, Randolph LM, Krieger MD, Wu SQ, Panigrahy A, Shimada H, Erdreich-Epstein A. Microdeletion del(22)(q12.2) encompassing the facial development-associated gene, MN1 (meningioma 1) in a child with Pierre-Robin sequence (including cleft palate) and neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2): a case report and review of the literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:19. [PMID: 22436304 PMCID: PMC3359208 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS) is defined by micro- and/or retrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft soft palate, either caused by deformational defect or part of a malformation syndrome. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22q12.2. NF2 is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas, spinal cord schwannomas, meningiomas and ependymomas, and juvenile cataracts. To date, NF2 and PRS have not been described together in the same patient. CASE PRESENTATION We report a female with PRS (micrognathia, cleft palate), microcephaly, ocular hypertelorism, mental retardation and bilateral hearing loss, who at age 15 was also diagnosed with severe NF2 (bilateral cerebellopontine schwannomas and multiple extramedullary/intradural spine tumors). This is the first published report of an individual with both diagnosed PRS and NF2. High resolution karyotype revealed 46, XX, del(22)(q12.1q12.3), FISH confirmed a deletion encompassing NF2, and chromosomal microarray identified a 3,693 kb deletion encompassing multiple genes including NF2 and MN1 (meningioma 1).Five additional patients with craniofacial dysmorphism and deletion in chromosome 22-adjacent-to or containing NF2 were identified in PubMed and the DECIPHER clinical chromosomal database. Their shared chromosomal deletion encompassed MN1, PITPNB and TTC28. MN1, initially cloned from a patient with meningioma, is an oncogene in murine hematopoiesis and participates as a fusion gene (TEL/MN1) in human myeloid leukemias. Interestingly, Mn1-haploinsufficient mice have abnormal skull development and secondary cleft palate. Additionally, Mn1 regulates maturation and function of calvarial osteoblasts and is an upstream regulator of Tbx22, a gene associated with murine and human cleft palate. This suggests that deletion of MN1 in the six patients we describe may be causally linked to their cleft palates and/or craniofacial abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our report describes a NF2-adjacent chromosome 22q12.2 deletion syndrome and is the first to report association of MN1 deletion with abnormal craniofacial development and/or cleft palate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom B Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics and the Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90027-6062, USA
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Webber C, Hehir-Kwa JY, Nguyen DQ, de Vries BBA, Veltman JA, Ponting CP. Forging links between human mental retardation-associated CNVs and mouse gene knockout models. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000531. [PMID: 19557186 PMCID: PMC2694283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare copy number variants (CNVs) are frequently associated with common neurological disorders such as mental retardation (MR; learning disability), autism, and schizophrenia. CNV screening in clinical practice is limited because pathological CNVs cannot be distinguished routinely from benign CNVs, and because genes underlying patients' phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, we present a novel, statistically robust approach that forges links between 148 MR–associated CNVs and phenotypes from ∼5,000 mouse gene knockout experiments. These CNVs were found to be significantly enriched in two classes of genes, those whose mouse orthologues, when disrupted, result in either abnormal axon or dopaminergic neuron morphologies. Additional enrichments highlighted correspondences between relevant mouse phenotypes and secondary presentations such as brain abnormality, cleft palate, and seizures. The strength of these phenotype enrichments (>100% increases) greatly exceeded molecular annotations (<30% increases) and allowed the identification of 78 genes that may contribute to MR and associated phenotypes. This study is the first to demonstrate how the power of mouse knockout data can be systematically exploited to better understand genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders. Mental retardation (MR; also known as learning disability) affects 1%–3% of people and is often associated with the presence of genomic copy number variations (CNVs) such as deletions and duplications. Most of these CNVs are rare and they often involve tens, sometimes hundreds, of genes. Pinpointing exactly which particular gene or genes are responsible for MR in an individual patient is therefore challenging and limits diagnostic applications. In this study, the functions of genes present within a large collection of MR–associated CNVs were investigated by comparing them to data from large-scale mouse knock-out experiments. We found that MR–associated CNVs contain greater than expected numbers of genes that give specific nervous system phenotypes when disrupted in the mouse. Not only does this study confirm that CNVs frequently cause MR, but it narrows down the list of genes whose changes lead to this disorder from thousands to several dozen. This reduced list of genes brings wide-spread genetic testing for MR one step closer. It also provides a better understanding of the biology behind MR that could, eventually, yield medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Webber
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Y. Hehir-Kwa
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duc-Quang Nguyen
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bert B. A. de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A. Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (JV); (CPP)
| | - Chris P. Ponting
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JV); (CPP)
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Zhang X, Dowd DR, Moore MC, Kranenburg TA, Meester-Smoor MA, Zwarthoff EC, MacDonald PN. Meningioma 1 is required for appropriate osteoblast proliferation, motility, differentiation, and function. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18174-83. [PMID: 19386590 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system is essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis and skeletal mineralization. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) hormone binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to regulate gene expression. These gene products in turn mediate the actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in mineral-regulating target cells such as the osteoblast. We showed previously that meningioma 1 (MN1) is a novel target of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in MG-63 osteoblastic cells and that it is a coactivator for VDR-mediated transcription (Sutton, A. L., Zhang, X., Ellison, T. I., and MacDonald, P. N. (2005) Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 2234-2244). However, the functional significance of MN1 in osteoblastic cell biology is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MN1 expression is increased dramatically during differentiation of primary osteoblastic cells. Using calvarial osteoblasts derived from wild-type and MN1 knock-out mice, we provide data supporting an essential role of MN1 in maintaining appropriate osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and function. MN1 knock-out osteoblasts displayed altered morphology, decreased growth rate, impaired motility, and attenuated 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)/VDR-mediated transcription as well as reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. MN1 null osteoblasts were also impaired in supporting osteoclastogenesis in co-culture studies presumably because of marked reduction in the RANKL:OPG ratio in the MN1 null cells. Mechanistic studies supported a transcriptional role for MN1 in controlling RANKL gene expression through activation of the RANKL promoter. Cumulatively, these studies indicate an important role for MN1 in maintaining the appropriate maturation and function of calvarial osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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40
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Meng L, Bian Z, Torensma R, Von den Hoff JW. Biological mechanisms in palatogenesis and cleft palate. J Dent Res 2009; 88:22-33. [PMID: 19131313 DOI: 10.1177/0022034508327868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clefts of the palate are common birth defects requiring extensive treatment. They appear to be caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors during palatogenesis. This may result in local changes in growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and cell adhesion molecules. Several clefting factors have been implicated by studies in mouse models, while some of these have also been confirmed by genetic screening in humans. Here, we discuss several knockout mouse models to examine the role of specific genes in cleft formation. The cleft is ultimately caused by interference with shelf elevation, attachment, or fusion. Shelf elevation is brought about by mesenchymal proliferation and changes in the ECM induced by growth factors such as TGF-betas. Crucial ECM molecules are collagens, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Shelf attachment depends on specific differentiation of the epithelium involving TGF-beta3, sonic hedgehog, and WNT signaling, and correct expression of epithelial adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin. The final fusion requires epithelial apoptosis and epithelium-to-mesenchyme transformation regulated by TGF-beta and WNT proteins. Other factors may interact with these signaling pathways and contribute to clefting. Normalization of the biological mechanisms regulating palatogenesis in susceptible fetuses is expected to contribute to cleft prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meng
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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41
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Liu W, Lan Y, Pauws E, Meester-Smoor MA, Stanier P, Zwarthoff EC, Jiang R. The Mn1 transcription factor acts upstream of Tbx22 and preferentially regulates posterior palate growth in mice. Development 2008; 135:3959-68. [PMID: 18948418 DOI: 10.1242/dev.025304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian secondary palate exhibits morphological, pathological and molecular heterogeneity along the anteroposterior axis. Although the cell proliferation rates are similar in the anterior and posterior regions during palatal outgrowth, previous studies have identified several signaling pathways and transcription factors that specifically regulate the growth of the anterior palate. By contrast, no factor has been shown to preferentially regulate posterior palatal growth. Here, we show that mice lacking the transcription factor Mn1 have defects in posterior but not anterior palatal growth. We show that Mn1 mRNA exhibits differential expression along the anteroposterior axis of the developing secondary palate, with preferential expression in the middle and posterior regions during palatal outgrowth. Extensive analyses of palatal gene expression in wild-type and Mn1(-/-) mutant mice identified Tbx22, the mouse homolog of the human X-linked cleft palate gene, as a putative downstream target of Mn1 transcriptional activation. Tbx22 exhibits a similar pattern of expression with that of Mn1 along the anteroposterior axis of the developing palatal shelves and its expression is specifically downregulated in Mn1(-/-) mutants. Moreover, we show that Mn1 activated reporter gene expression driven by either the human or mouse Tbx22 gene promoters in co-transfected NIH3T3 cells. Overexpression of Mn1 in NIH3T3 cells also increased endogenous Tbx22 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that Mn1 and Tbx22 function in a novel molecular pathway regulating mammalian palate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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42
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Heuser M, Argiropoulos B, Kuchenbauer F, Yung E, Piper J, Fung S, Schlenk RF, Dohner K, Hinrichsen T, Rudolph C, Schambach A, Baum C, Schlegelberger B, Dohner H, Ganser A, Humphries RK. MN1 overexpression induces acute myeloid leukemia in mice and predicts ATRA resistance in patients with AML. Blood 2007; 110:1639-47. [PMID: 17494859 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractOverexpression of wild-type MN1 is a negative prognostic factor in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal cytogenetics. We evaluated whether MN1 plays a functional role in leukemogenesis. We demonstrate using retroviral gene transfer and bone marrow (BM) transplantation that MN1 overexpression rapidly induces lethal AML in mice. Insertional mutagenesis and chromosomal instability were ruled out as secondary aberrations. MN1 increased resistance to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)–induced cell-cycle arrest and differentiation by more than 3000-fold in vitro. The differentiation block could be released by fusion of a transcriptional activator (VP16) to MN1 without affecting the ability to immortalize BM cells, suggesting that MN1 blocks differentiation by transcriptional repression. We then evaluated whether MN1 expression levels in patients with AML (excluding M3-AML) correlated with resistance to ATRA treatment in elderly patients uniformly treated within treatment protocol AMLHD98-B. Strikingly, patients with low MN1 expression who received ATRA had a significantly prolonged event-free (P = .008) and overall (P = .04) survival compared with patients with either low MN1 expression and no ATRA, or high MN1 expression with or without ATRA. MN1 is a unique oncogene in hematopoiesis that both promotes proliferation/self-renewal and blocks differentiation, and may become useful as a predictive marker in AML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Chromosomal Instability/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65/biosynthesis
- Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/drug effects
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Retroviridae
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
- Trans-Activators
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tretinoin/administration & dosage
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heuser
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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43
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Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator MN1 has been identified as a gene overexpressed in certain types of human acute myeloid leukemia. Upregulation is invariantly associated with inv(16) AML but is also found in other AML subtypes. Overexpression of this gene is also associated with a worse prognosis and a shorter survival in AML patients with a normal karyotype. In this short review, I will discuss the role of MN1 in myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard C Grosveld
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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44
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Carella C, Bonten J, Sirma S, Kranenburg TA, Terranova S, Klein-Geltink R, Shurtleff S, Downing JR, Zwarthoff EC, Liu PP, Grosveld GC. MN1 overexpression is an important step in the development of inv(16) AML. Leukemia 2007; 21:1679-90. [PMID: 17525718 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the transcriptional co-activator MN1 is the target of the reciprocal chromosome translocation (12;22)(p13;q12) in some patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, expression array analysis showed that MN1 was overexpressed in AML specified by inv(16), in some AML overexpressing ecotropic viral integration 1 site (EVI1) and in some AML without karyotypic abnormalities. Here we describe that mice receiving transplants of bone marrow (BM) overexpressing MN1 rapidly developed myeloproliferative disease (MPD). This BM also generated myeloid cell lines in culture. By mimicking the situation in human inv(16) AML, forced coexpression of MN1 and Cbfbeta-SMMHC rapidly caused AML in mice. These findings identify MN1 as a highly effective hematopoietic oncogene and suggest that MN1 overexpression is an important cooperative event in human inv(16) AML.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/etiology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/metabolism
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Trans-Activators
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carella
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-0318, USA
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45
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van Wely KHM, Meester-Smoor MA, Janssen MJFW, Aarnoudse AJ, Grosveld GC, Zwarthoff EC. The MN1-TEL myeloid leukemia-associated fusion protein has a dominant-negative effect on RAR-RXR-mediated transcription. Oncogene 2007; 26:5733-40. [PMID: 17369854 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The translocation t(12;22)(p13;q11) creates an MN1-TEL fusion gene leading to acute myeloid leukemia. MN1 is a transcription coactivator of the retinoic acid and vitamin D receptors, and TEL (ETV6) is a member of the E26-transformation-specific family of transcription factors. In MN1-TEL, the transactivating domains of MN1 are combined with the DNA-binding domain of TEL. We show that MN1-TEL inhibits retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-mediated transcription, counteracts coactivators such as p160 and p300, and acts as a dominant-negative mutant of MN1. Compared to MN1, the same transactivation domains in MN1-TEL are poorly stimulated by p160, p300 or histone deacetylase inhibitors, indicating that the block of RAR-mediated transcription by MN1-TEL is caused by dysfunctional transactivation domains rather than by recruitment of corepressors. The mechanism leading to myeloid leukemia in t(12;22) thus differs from the translocations that involve RAR itself.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- E1A-Associated p300 Protein/physiology
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Genes, Dominant
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- RNA-Binding Proteins
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- K H M van Wely
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Rutberg SE, Kolpak ML, Gourley JA, Tan G, Henry JP, Shander D. Differences in Expression of Specific Biomarkers Distinguish Human Beard from Scalp Dermal Papilla Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:2583-95. [PMID: 16810298 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Androgen exposure stimulates the growth of beard hair follicles. The follicle dermal papilla appears to be the site of androgen action; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process are not well understood. In an attempt to identify genes that contribute to the androgen-responsive phenotype, we compared gene expression patterns in unstimulated and androgen-treated cultured human dermal papilla cells isolated from beard (androgen-sensitive) and occipital scalp (androgen-insensitive) hair follicles. Through this analysis, we identified three genes that are expressed at significantly higher levels in beard dermal papilla cells. One of these genes, sfrp-2 has been identified as a dermal papilla signature gene in mouse pelage follicles. Two of these genes, mn1 and atp1beta1, have not been studied in the hair follicle. A fourth, fibulin-1d, was slightly upregulated in beard dermal papilla cells. The differences in the expression of these genes in cultured beard and scalp dermal papilla cells reflected similar differences in microdissected dermal papilla isolated from intact beard and scalp follicles. Our findings introduce potentially novel signaling pathways in dermal papilla cells. In addition, this study supports that cultured dermal papilla cells provide a cell-based model system that is reflective of the biology of in vivo hair follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Rutberg
- Gillette/P&G Technical Center, Needham, Massachusetts 02492, USA.
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47
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Heuser M, Beutel G, Krauter J, Döhner K, von Neuhoff N, Schlegelberger B, Ganser A. High meningioma 1 (MN1) expression as a predictor for poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics. Blood 2006; 108:3898-905. [PMID: 16912223 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-014845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(12;22) involves MN1 and TEL and is rarely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, it has been shown in a mouse model that the fusion protein MN1-TEL can promote growth of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and, in cooperation with HOXA9, induce AML. We quantified MN1 expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 142 adult patients with AML with normal cytogenetics treated uniformly in trial AML-SHG 01/99. AML samples were dichotomized at the median MN1 expression. High MN1 expression was significantly correlated with unmutated NPM1 (P < .001), poor response to the first course of induction treatment (P = .02), a higher relapse rate (P = .03), and shorter relapse-free (P = .002) and overall survivals (P = .03). In multivariate analysis, MN1 expression was an independent prognostic marker (P = .02) in addition to age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. Excluding patients with NPM1(mutated)/FLT3ITD(negative), high MN1 expression was associated with shorter relapse-free survival (P = .057). MN1 was highly expressed in some patients with acute lymphoblastic but not chronic lymphocytic or myeloid leukemia. MN1 was highly expressed in HPCs compared with differentiated cells and was down-regulated during in vitro differentiation of CD34(+) cells, suggesting a functional role in HPCs. In conclusion, our data suggest MN1 overexpression as a new prognostic marker in AML with normal cytogenetics.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Nucleophosmin
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Trans-Activators
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heuser
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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48
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Conrotto P, Hellman U. Sulfonation chemistry as a powerful tool for MALDI TOF/TOF de novo sequencing and post-translational modification analysis. J Biomol Tech 2005; 16:441-52. [PMID: 16522867 PMCID: PMC2291740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a widespread technique for various types of proteomic analysis. In the identification of proteins using peptide mass fingerprinting, samples are enzymatically digested and resolved into a number of peptides, whose masses are determined and matched with a sequence data-base. However, the presence inside the cell of several splicing variants, protein isoforms, or fusion proteins gives rise to a complex picture, demanding more complete analysis. Moreover, the study of species with yet uncharacterized genomes or the investigation of post-translational modifications are not possible with classical mass fingerprinting, and require specific and accurate de novo sequencing. In the last several years, much effort has been made to improve the performance of peptide sequencing with MALDI. Here we present applications using a fast and robust chemical modification of peptides for improved de novo sequencing. Post-source decay of derivatized peptides generates at the same time peaks with high intensity and simple spectra, leading to a very easy and clear sequence determination.
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49
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Sutton ALM, Zhang X, Ellison TI, Macdonald PN. The 1,25(OH)2D3-Regulated Transcription Factor MN1 Stimulates Vitamin D Receptor-Mediated Transcription and Inhibits Osteoblastic Cell Proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:2234-44. [PMID: 15890672 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe vitamin D endocrine system is essential for maintaining mineral ion homeostasis and preserving bone density. The most bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] elicits its effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and regulating the transcription of target genes. In osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells of the skeleton, 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of the extracellular matrix. Despite these well-characterized biological functions, relatively few 1,25-(OH)2D3 target genes have been described in osteoblasts. In this study, we characterize the regulation and function of MN1, a novel 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced gene in osteoblastic cells. MN1 is a nuclear protein first identified as a gene disrupted in some meningiomas and leukemias. Our studies demonstrate that MN1 preferentially stimulates VDR-mediated transcription through its ligand-binding domain and synergizes with the steroid receptor coactivator family of coactivators. Furthermore, forced expression of MN1 in osteoblastic cells results in a profound decrease in cell proliferation by slowing S-phase entry, suggesting that MN1 is an antiproliferative factor that may mediate 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent inhibition of cell growth. Collectively, these data indicate that MN1 is a 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced VDR coactivator that also may have critical roles in modulating osteoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L M Sutton
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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