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Messingschlager M, Bartel-Steinbach M, Mackowiak SD, Denkena J, Bieg M, Klös M, Seegebarth A, Straff W, Süring K, Ishaque N, Eils R, Lehmann I, Lermen D, Trump S. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing identifies epigenetic perturbations in the upper airways under long-term exposure to moderate levels of ambient air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116413. [PMID: 37343754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
While the link between exposure to high levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) and increased incidences of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases is widely recognized, recent epidemiological studies have shown that low PM concentrations are equally associated with adverse health effects. As DNA methylation is one of the main mechanisms by which cells regulate and stabilize gene expression, changes in the methylome could constitute early indicators of dysregulated signaling pathways. So far, little is known about PM-associated DNA methylation changes in the upper airways, the first point of contact between airborne pollutants and the human body. Here, we focused on cells of the upper respiratory tract and assessed their genome-wide DNA methylation pattern to explore exposure-associated early regulatory changes. Using a mobile epidemiological laboratory, nasal lavage samples were collected from a cohort of 60 adults that lived in districts with records of low (Simmerath) or moderate (Stuttgart) PM10 levels in Germany. PM10 concentrations were verified by particle measurements on the days of the sample collection and genome-wide DNA methylation was determined by enzymatic methyl sequencing at single-base resolution. We identified 231 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between moderately and lowly PM10 exposed individuals. A high proportion of DMRs overlapped with regulatory elements, and DMR target genes were involved in pathways regulating cellular redox homeostasis and immune response. In addition, we found distinct changes in DNA methylation of the HOXA gene cluster whose methylation levels have previously been linked to air pollution exposure but also to carcinogenesis in several instances. The findings of this study suggest that regulatory changes in upper airway cells occur at PM10 levels below current European thresholds, some of which may be involved in the development of air pollution-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marey Messingschlager
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology, Königin-Luise-Strasse 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bartel-Steinbach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Josef-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Sebastian D Mackowiak
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Denkena
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Bieg
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Klös
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Seegebarth
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Straff
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, German Environment Agency, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Süring
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, German Environment Agency, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
| | - Dominik Lermen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Josef-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Hou Y, Yu W, Wu G, Wang Z, Leng S, Dong M, Li N, Chen L. Carcinogenesis promotion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: KDM4A complex-mediated gene transcriptional suppression by LEF1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:510. [PMID: 37553362 PMCID: PMC10409759 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent cancer of the mouth, characterised by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Hence, an urgent need exists for the development of predictive targets for early diagnosis, prognosis determination, and clinical therapy. Dysregulation of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), an important transcription factor involved in the Wnt-β-catenin pathway, contributes to the poor prognosis of OSCC. Herein, we aimed to explore the correlation between LEF1 and histone lysine demethylase 4 A (KDM4A). Results show that the KDM4A complex is recruited by LEF1 and specifically binds the LATS2 promoter region, thereby inhibiting its expression, and consequently promoting cell proliferation and impeding apoptosis in OSCC. We also established NOD/SCID mouse xenograft models using CAL-27 cells to conduct an in vivo analysis of the roles of LEF1 and KDM4A in tumour growth, and our findings show that cells stably suppressing LEF1 or KDM4A have markedly decreased tumour-initiating capacity. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that LEF1 plays a pivotal role in OSCC development and has potential to serve as a target for early diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P. R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Gaoyi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, China
| | - Zhaoling Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shuai Leng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- School of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine Materials and Clinical Application & Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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JMJD family proteins in cancer and inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:304. [PMID: 36050314 PMCID: PMC9434538 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cancer entails a series of genetic mutations that favor uncontrollable tumor growth. It is believed that various factors collectively contribute to cancer, and there is no one single explanation for tumorigenesis. Epigenetic changes such as the dysregulation of enzymes modifying DNA or histones are actively involved in oncogenesis and inflammatory response. The methylation of lysine residues on histone proteins represents a class of post-translational modifications. The human Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) protein family consists of more than 30 members. The JMJD proteins have long been identified with histone lysine demethylases (KDM) and histone arginine demethylases activities and thus could function as epigenetic modulators in physiological processes and diseases. Importantly, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammatory diseases, which might serve as an underlying mechanism for the initiation and progression of such diseases. Here, we discuss the role of key JMJD proteins in cancer and inflammation, including the intensively studied histone lysine demethylases, as well as the understudied group of JMJD members. In particular, we focused on epigenetic changes induced by each JMJD member and summarized recent research progress evaluating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Varghese B, Del Gaudio N, Cobellis G, Altucci L, Nebbioso A. KDM4 Involvement in Breast Cancer and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2021; 11:750315. [PMID: 34778065 PMCID: PMC8581295 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.750315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, although recent scientific and technological achievements have led to significant improvements in progression-free disease and overall survival of patients. Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications play a critical role in deregulating gene expression, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer progression. Aberrant histone modifications are one of the most frequent epigenetic mechanisms occurring in cancer. In particular, methylation and demethylation of specific lysine residues alter gene accessibility via histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs). The KDM family includes more than 30 members, grouped into six subfamilies and two classes based on their sequency homology and catalytic mechanisms, respectively. Specifically, the KDM4 gene family comprises six members, KDM4A-F, which are associated with oncogene activation, tumor suppressor silencing, alteration of hormone receptor downstream signaling, and chromosomal instability. Blocking the activity of KDM4 enzymes renders them "druggable" targets with therapeutic effects. Several KDM4 inhibitors have already been identified as anticancer drugs in vitro in BC cells. However, no KDM4 inhibitors have as yet entered clinical trials due to a number of issues, including structural similarities between KDM4 members and conservation of the active domain, which makes the discovery of selective inhibitors challenging. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the molecular functions of KDM4 members in BC, describe currently available KDM4 inhibitors, and discuss their potential use in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benluvankar Varghese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.,Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
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Long non-coding RNA KIKAT/LINC01061 as a novel epigenetic regulator that relocates KDM4A on chromatin and modulates viral reactivation. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009670. [PMID: 34111227 PMCID: PMC8219169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KDM4A is a histone lysine demethylase that has been described as an oncogene in various types of cancer. The importance of KDM4A-mediated epigenetic regulation in tumorigenesis is just emerging. Here, by using Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) as a screening model, we identified 6 oncogenic virus-induced long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with the potential to open chromatin. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed KSHV-induced KDM4A-associated transcript (KIKAT)/LINC01061 as a binding partner of KDM4A. Integrated ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis showed that the KIKAT/LINC01061 interaction may mediate relocalization of KDM4A from the transcription start site (TSS) of the AMOT promoter region and transactivation of AMOT, an angiostatin binding protein that regulates endothelial cell migration. Knockdown of AMOT diminished the migration ability of uninfected SLK and iSLK-BAC16 cells in response to KIKAT/LINC01061 overexpression. Thus, we conclude that KIKAT/LINC01061 triggered shifting of KDM4A as a potential epigenetic mechanism regulating gene transactivation. Dysregulation of KIKAT/LINC01061 expression may represent a novel pathological mechanism contributing to KDM4A oncogenicity. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and gene function connects genotype to phenotype and diseases. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is emerging as a novel type of epigenetic regulator exhibiting diverse biological functions. Aberrant lncRNA expression is associated with various diseases, including cancer. The widespread epigenetic changes that occur during the latent-to-lytic switch of herpes virus life cycle make it an attractive model to study epigenetic regulation. Using Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) as a model, we screened the epigenetic function of lncRNAs whose expression was induced by reactivation of this oncogenic virus. KIKAT/LINC01061 was identified as a novel histone lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) interacting lncRNA. KDM4A is the first identified histone trimethyl demethylase that has been demonstrated as an oncogene in various cancers. Our data reveal a novel lncRNA-mediated regulation of the epigenetic function of KDM4A and demonstrate this lncRNA-chromatin modifier interaction may serve as a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Suzuki N, Johmura Y, Wang TW, Migita T, Wu W, Noguchi R, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa Y, Nakamura S, Miyoshi I, Yoshimori T, Ohta T, Nakanishi M. TP53/p53-FBXO22-TFEB controls basal autophagy to govern hormesis. Autophagy 2021; 17:3776-3793. [PMID: 33706682 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1897961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning with a mild stressor such as fasting is a promising way to reduce severe side effects from subsequent chemo- or radiotherapy. However, the underlying mechanisms have been largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the TP53/p53-FBXO22-TFEB (transcription factor EB) axis plays an essential role in this process through upregulating basal macroautophagy/autophagy. Mild stress-activated TP53 transcriptionally induced FBXO22, which in turn ubiquitinated KDM4B (lysine-specific demethylase 4B) complexed with MYC-NCOR1 suppressors for degradation, leading to transcriptional induction of TFEB. Upregulation of autophagy-related genes by increased TFEB dramatically enhanced autophagic activity and cell survival upon following a severe stressor. Mitogen-induced AKT1 activation counteracted this process through the phosphorylation of KDM4B, which inhibited FBXO22-mediated ubiquitination. Additionally, fbxo22-/- mice died within 10 h of birth, and their mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed a lowered basal autophagy, whereas FBXO22-overexpressing mice were resistant to chemotherapy. Taken together, these results suggest that TP53 upregulates basal autophagy through the FBXO22-TFEB axis, which governs the hormetic effect in chemotherapy.Abbreviations: BBC3/PUMA: BCL2 binding component 3; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; ChIP-seq: chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing; DDB2: damage specific DNA binding protein 2; DRAM: DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator; ESR/ER: estrogen receptor 1; FMD: fasting mimicking diet; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; KDM4B: lysine-specific demethylase 4B; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NCOR1: nuclear receptor corepressor 1; SCF: SKP1-CUL-F-box protein; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Migita
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyoshi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohta
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Mechanistic insights into KDM4A driven genomic instability. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:93-105. [PMID: 33492339 PMCID: PMC7925003 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in global epigenetic signatures on chromatin are well established to contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Chromatin methylation status modulates several key cellular processes that maintain the integrity of the genome. KDM4A, a demethylase that belongs to the Fe-II dependent dioxygenase family that uses α-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen as cofactors, is overexpressed in several cancers and is associated with an overall poor prognosis. KDM4A demethylates lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) and lysine 36 (H3K36me3) methyl marks on histone H3. Given the complexity that exists with these marks on chromatin and their effects on transcription and proliferation, it naturally follows that demethylation serves an equally important role in these cellular processes. In this review, we highlight the role of KDM4A in transcriptional modulation, either dependent or independent of its enzymatic activity, arising from the amplification of this demethylase in cancer. KDM4A modulates re-replication of distinct genomic loci, activates cell cycle inducers, and represses proteins involved in checkpoint control giving rise to proliferative damage, mitotic disturbances and chromosomal breaks, ultimately resulting in genomic instability. In parallel, emerging evidence of non-nuclear substrates of epigenetic modulators emphasize the need to investigate the role of KDM4A in regulating non-nuclear substrates and evaluate their contribution to genomic instability in this context. The existence of promising KDM-specific inhibitors makes these demethylases an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancers.
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Histone demethylase JMJD2B/KDM4B regulates transcriptional program via distinctive epigenetic targets and protein interactors for the maintenance of trophoblast stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:884. [PMID: 33441614 PMCID: PMC7806742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cell (TSC) is crucial to the formation of placenta in mammals. Histone demethylase JMJD2 (also known as KDM4) family proteins have been previously shown to support self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. However, their roles in the context of the trophoblast lineage remain unclear. Here, we find that knockdown of Jmjd2b resulted in differentiation of TSCs, suggesting an indispensable role of JMJD2B/KDM4B in maintaining the stemness. Through the integration of transcriptome and ChIP-seq profiling data, we show that JMJD2B is associated with a loss of H3K36me3 in a subset of embryonic lineage genes which are marked by H3K9me3 for stable repression. By characterizing the JMJD2B binding motifs and other transcription factor binding datasets, we discover that JMJD2B forms a protein complex with AP-2 family transcription factor TFAP2C and histone demethylase LSD1. The JMJD2B-TFAP2C-LSD1 complex predominantly occupies active gene promoters, whereas the TFAP2C-LSD1 complex is located at putative enhancers, suggesting that these proteins mediate enhancer-promoter interaction for gene regulation. We conclude that JMJD2B is vital to the TSC transcriptional program and safeguards the trophoblast cell fate via distinctive protein interactors and epigenetic targets.
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Wang Z, Liu D, Xu B, Tian R, Zuo Y. Modular arrangements of sequence motifs determine the functional diversity of KDM proteins. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5912575. [PMID: 32987405 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) play a vital role in regulating chromatin dynamics and transcription. KDM proteins are given modular activities by its sequence motifs with obvious roles division, which endow the complex and diverse functions. In our review, according to functional features, we classify sequence motifs into four classes: catalytic motifs, targeting motifs, regulatory motifs and potential motifs. JmjC, as the main catalytic motif, combines to Fe2+ and α-ketoglutarate by residues H-D/E-H and S-N-N/Y-K-N/Y-T/S. Targeting motifs make catalytic motifs recognize specific methylated lysines, such as PHD that helps KDM5 to demethylate H3K4me3. Regulatory motifs consist of a functional network. For example, NLS, Ser-rich, TPR and JmjN motifs regulate the nuclear localization. And interactions through the CW-type-C4H2C2-SWIRM are necessary to the demethylase activity of KDM1B. Additionally, many conservative domains that have potential functions but no deep exploration are reviewed for the first time. These conservative domains are usually amino acid-rich regions, which have great research value. The arrangements of four types of sequence motifs generate that KDM proteins diversify toward modular activities and biological functions. Finally, we draw a blueprint of functional mechanisms to discuss the modular activity of KDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Wang
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life sciences, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Dongyang Liu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life sciences, Inner Mongolia University. He is now studying for a master's degree at the institute of botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include bioinformatics and computational genomics
| | - Baofang Xu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life sciences, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Ruixia Tian
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life sciences, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life sciences, Inner Mongolia University. His research interests include bioinformatics and integration analysis of multiomics in cell reprogramming
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Li G, Tian Y, Zhu WG. The Roles of Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576946. [PMID: 33117804 PMCID: PMC7552186 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysine residues is a common site for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and of these, acetylation is the second most common. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies characterizing HDACs and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have provided novel and exciting insights concerning their underlying biological mechanisms and potential anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we detail the diverse structures of HDACs and their underlying biological functions, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein degradation, immunity and other several physiological processes. We also highlight potential avenues to use HDACi as novel, precision cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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Li M, Cheng J, Ma Y, Guo H, Shu H, Huang H, Kuang Y, Yang T. The histone demethylase JMJD2A promotes glioma cell growth via targeting Akt-mTOR signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32256210 PMCID: PMC7106579 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized in mammalian models and humans. JMJD2A is a transcriptional co-factor and enzyme that catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and 36 (H3K9 and H3K36). Here in this study, we reported the role of JMJD2A in human glioma. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to analyzed JMJD2A expression in glioma. Log-rank was performed to plot the survival curve. JMJD2A was knocked or overexpressed with lentivirus. Cell proliferation and colony formation were performed to assess the effects of JMJD2A on glioma cell growth. Xenograft experiment was performed the evaluate the growth rate of glioma cells in vivo. The signaling pathway was analyzed with western blot and mTOR was inhibited with rapamycin. Results Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot experiments revealed higher expression of JMJD2A and lower levels of H3K9me3/H3K36me3 in glioma tissues than that in normal brain tissues. We showed that knockdown of JMJD2A expression attenuated the growth and colony formation in three lines of glioma cells (U251, T98G, and U87MG), whereas JMJD2A overexpression resulted in opposing effects. Furthermore, we performed in vivo xenograft experiments and our data demonstrated that JMJD2A knockdown reduced the growth of glioma T98G cells in vivo. Further mechanism study implicated that JMJD2A activated the Akt-mTOR pathway and promoted protein synthesis in glioma cells via promoting phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) expression. The activation of the Akt-mTOR pathway was also validated in human glioma tissues. Finally, we showed that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin blocked the effects of JMJD2A on protein synthesis, cell proliferation and colony formation of glioma cells. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that JMJD2A regulated glioma growth and implicated that JMJD2A might be a promising target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingmin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqin Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, No. 270, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
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12
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Lee DH, Kim GW, Jeon YH, Yoo J, Lee SW, Kwon SH. Advances in histone demethylase KDM4 as cancer therapeutic targets. FASEB J 2020; 34:3461-3484. [PMID: 31961018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The KDM4 subfamily H3K9 histone demethylases are epigenetic regulators that control chromatin structure and gene expression by demethylating histone H3K9, H3K36, and H1.4K26. The KDM4 subfamily mainly consists of four proteins (KDM4A-D), all harboring the Jumonji C domain (JmjC) but with differential substrate specificities. KDM4A-C proteins also possess the double PHD and Tudor domains, whereas KDM4D lacks these domains. KDM4 proteins are overexpressed or deregulated in multiple cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and mental retardation and are thus potential therapeutic targets. Despite extensive efforts, however, there are very few KDM4-selective inhibitors. Defining the exact physiological and oncogenic functions of KDM4 demethylase will provide the foundation for the discovery of novel potent inhibitors. In this review, we focus on recent studies highlighting the oncogenic functions of KDM4s and the interplay between KDM4-mediated epigenetic and metabolic pathways in cancer. We also review currently available KDM4 inhibitors and discuss their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Guerra-Calderas L, González-Barrios R, Patiño CC, Alcaraz N, Salgado-Albarrán M, de León DC, Hernández CC, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Maldonado-Martínez HA, De la Rosa-Velazquez IA, Vargas-Romero F, Herrera LA, García-Carrancá A, Soto-Reyes E. CTCF-KDM4A complex correlates with histone modifications that negatively regulate CHD5 gene expression in cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17028-17042. [PMID: 29682202 PMCID: PMC5908303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone demethylase KDM4A is involved in H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 demethylation, which are epigenetic modifications associated with gene silencing and RNA Polymerase II elongation, respectively. KDM4A is abnormally expressed in cancer, affecting the expression of multiple targets, such as the CHD5 gene. This enzyme localizes at the first intron of CHD5, and the dissociation of KDM4A increases gene expression. In vitro assays showed that KDM4A-mediated demethylation is enhanced in the presence of CTCF, suggesting that CTCF could increase its enzymatic activity in vivo, however the specific mechanism by which CTCF and KDM4A might be involved in the CHD5 gene repression is poorly understood. Here, we show that CTCF and KDM4A form a protein complex, which is recruited into the first intron of CHD5. This is related to a decrease in H3K36me3/2 histone marks and is associated with its transcriptional downregulation. Depletion of CTCF or KDM4A by siRNA, triggered the reactivation of CHD5 expression, suggesting that both proteins are involved in the negative regulation of this gene. Furthermore, the knockout of KDM4A restored the CHD5 expression and H3K36me3 and H3K36me2 histone marks. Such mechanism acts independently of CHD5 promoter DNA methylation. Our findings support a novel mechanism of epigenetic repression at the gene body that does not involve promoter silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissania Guerra-Calderas
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos César Patiño
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Alcaraz
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Section for RNA and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marisol Salgado-Albarrán
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú de León
- Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro Hernández
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Inti A De la Rosa-Velazquez
- Genomics Lab, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación-CIC and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Vargas-Romero
- Instituto de Fisiologia Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Lim KH, Choi JH, Park JH, Cho HJ, Park JJ, Lee EJ, Li L, Choi YK, Baek KH. Ubiquitin specific protease 19 involved in transcriptional repression of retinoic acid receptor by stabilizing CORO2A. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34759-72. [PMID: 27129179 PMCID: PMC5085187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitination via deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has been emerged as one of the important post-translational modifications, resulting in the regulation of numerous target proteins. In this study, we screened new protein biomarkers for adipogenesis, and related studies showed that ubiquitin specific protease 19 (USP19) as a DUB is gradually decreased during adipogenesis and it regulates coronin 2A (CORO2A) as one of the components for the nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) complex in some studies. The regulation of CORO2A through the deubiquitinating activity of USP19 affected the transcriptional repression activity of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), suggesting that USP19 may be involved in the regulation of RAR-mediated adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Joon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Ji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Nonhyon-ro, Grangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Bundang CHA Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-400, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sen A, Gurdziel K, Liu J, Qu W, Nuga OO, Burl RB, Hüttemann M, Pique-Regi R, Ruden DM. Smooth, an hnRNP-L Homolog, Might Decrease Mitochondrial Metabolism by Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Idh) and Other Metabolic Genes in the Sub-Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Genet 2017; 8:175. [PMID: 29187863 PMCID: PMC5694756 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause persistent pathological alteration of neurons. This may lead to cognitive dysfunction, depression and increased susceptibility to life threatening diseases, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. To investigate the underlying genetic and molecular basis of TBI, we subjected w1118Drosophila melanogaster to mild closed head trauma and found that mitochondrial activity is reduced in the brains of these flies 24 h after inflicting trauma. To determine the transcriptomic changes after mild TBI, we collected fly heads 24 h after inflicting trauma, and performed RNA-seq analyses. Classification of alternative splicing changes showed selective retention (RI) of long introns (>81 bps), with a mean size of ~3,000 nucleotides. Some of the genes containing RI showed a significant reduction in transcript abundance and are involved in mitochondrial metabolism such as Isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh), which makes α-KG, a co-factor needed for both DNA and histone demethylase enzymes. The long introns are enriched in CA-rich motifs known to bind to Smooth (Sm), a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) class of splicing factor, which has been shown to interact with the H3K36 histone methyltransferase, SET2, and to be involved in intron retention in human cells. H3K36me3 is a histone mark that demarcates exons in genes by interacting with the mRNA splicing machinery. Mutating sm (sm4/Df) resulted in loss of both basal and induced levels of RI in many of the same long-intron containing genes. Reducing the levels of Kdm4A, the H3K36me3 histone demethylase, also resulted in loss of basal levels of RI in many of the same long-intron containing genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H3K36me3 revealed increased levels of this histone modification in retained introns post-trauma at CA-rich motifs. Based on these results, we propose a model in which TBI temporarily decreases mitochondrial activity in the brain 24 h after inflicting trauma, which decreases α-KG levels, and increases H3K36me3 levels and intron retention of long introns by decreasing Kdm4A activity. The consequent reduction in mature mRNA levels in metabolism genes, such as Idh, further reduces α-KG levels in a negative feedback loop. We further propose that decreasing metabolism after TBI in such a manner is a protective mechanism that gives the brain time to repair cellular damage induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Sen
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wen Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Oluwademi O Nuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rayanne B Burl
- C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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16
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Wang LY, Hung CL, Chen YR, Yang JC, Wang J, Campbell M, Izumiya Y, Chen HW, Wang WC, Ann DK, Kung HJ. KDM4A Coactivates E2F1 to Regulate the PDK-Dependent Metabolic Switch between Mitochondrial Oxidation and Glycolysis. Cell Rep 2017; 16:3016-3027. [PMID: 27626669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone lysine demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis through its role in transcriptional regulation. Here, we describe KDM4A as a E2F1 coactivator and demonstrate a functional role for the E2F1-KDM4A complex in the control of tumor metabolism. KDM4A associates with E2F1 on target gene promoters and enhances E2F1 chromatin binding and transcriptional activity, thereby modulating the transcriptional profile essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) PDK1 and PDK3 are direct targets of KDM4A and E2F1 and modulate the switch between glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation. Downregulation of KDM4A leads to elevated activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial oxidation, resulting in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The altered metabolic phenotypes can be partially rescued by ectopic expression of PDK1 and PDK3, indicating a KDM4A-dependent tumor metabolic regulation via PDK. Our results suggest that KDM4A is a key regulator of tumor metabolism and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mel Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Izumiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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17
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Su Y, Yu QH, Wang XY, Yu LP, Wang ZF, Cao YC, Li JD. JMJD2A promotes the Warburg effect and nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by transactivating LDHA expression. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:477. [PMID: 28693517 PMCID: PMC5504777 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jumonji C domain 2A (JMJD2A), as a histone demethylases, plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression. But, its functions and underlying mechanisms of JMJD2A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metabolism are remained to be clarified. In this study, we investigated glycolysis regulation by JMJD2A in NPC and the possible mechanism. METHODS JMJD2A expression was detected by Western blotting and Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Then, we knocked down and ectopically expressed JMJD2A to detect changes in glycolytic enzymes. We also evaluated the impacts of JMJD2A-lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) signaling on NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. ChIP assays were used to test whether JMJD2A bound to the LDHA promoter. Finally, IHC was used to verify JMJD2A and LDHA expression in NPC tissue samples and analyze their correlation between expression and clinical features. RESULTS JMJD2A was expressed at high levels in NPC tumor tissues and cell lines. Both JMJD2A and LDHA expression were positively correlated with the tumor stage, metastasis and clinical stage. Additionally, the level of JMJD2A was positively correlated with LDHA expression in NPC patients, and higher JMJD2A and LDHA expression predicted a worse prognosis. JMJD2A alteration did not influence most of glycolytic enzymes expression, with the exception of PFK-L, PGAM-1, LDHB and LDHA, and LDHA exhibited the greatest decrease in expression. JMJD2A silencing decreased LDHA expression and the intracellular ATP level and increased LDH activity, lactate production and glucose utilization, while JMJD2A overexpression produced the opposite results. Furthermore, JMJD2A could combine to LDHA promoter region and regulate LDHA expression at the level of transcription. Activated JMJD2A-LDHA signaling pathway promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS JMJD2A regulated aerobic glycolysis by regulating LDHA expression. Therefore, the novel JMJD2A-LDHA signaling pathway could contribute to the Warburg effects in NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Department of E.N.T., Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, 257091, China.
| | - Qiu-Hong Yu
- Department of E.N.T., Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Wang
- Department of E.N.T., Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- Department of E.N.T., Kenli People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zong-Feng Wang
- Department of E.N.T., Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Ying-Chun Cao
- Department of E.N.T., Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Department of E.N.T., Dongying People's Hospital, Shandong, 257091, China
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18
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Gavin DP, Grayson DR, Varghese SP, Guizzetti M. Chromatin Switches during Neural Cell Differentiation and Their Dysregulation by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E137. [PMID: 28492482 PMCID: PMC5448011 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure causes persistent neuropsychiatric deficits included under the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Cellular identity emerges from a cascade of intrinsic and extrinsic (involving cell-cell interactions and signaling) processes that are partially initiated and maintained through changes in chromatin structure. Prenatal alcohol exposure influences neuronal and astrocyte development, permanently altering brain connectivity. Prenatal alcohol exposure also alters chromatin structure through histone and DNA modifications. However, the data linking alcohol-induced differentiation changes with developmental alterations in chromatin structure remain to be elucidated. In the first part of this review, we discuss the sequence of chromatin structural changes involved in neural cell differentiation during normal development. We then discuss the effects of prenatal alcohol on developmental histone modifications and DNA methylation in the context of neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis. We attempt to synthesize the developmental literature with the FASD literature, proposing that alcohol-induced changes to chromatin structure account for altered neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis as well as altered neuron and astrocyte differentiation. Together these changes may contribute to the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in FASD. Future studies using standardized alcohol exposure paradigms at specific developmental stages will advance the understanding of how chromatin structural changes impact neural cell fate and maturation in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Gavin
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sajoy P Varghese
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Marina Guizzetti
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road L470, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 Southwest US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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19
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SLY regulates genes involved in chromatin remodeling and interacts with TBL1XR1 during sperm differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1029-1044. [PMID: 28475176 PMCID: PMC5442469 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm differentiation requires unique transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling after meiosis to ensure proper compaction and protection of the paternal genome. Abnormal sperm chromatin remodeling can induce sperm DNA damage, embryo lethality and male infertility, yet, little is known about the factors which regulate this process. Deficiency in Sly, a mouse Y chromosome-encoded gene expressed only in postmeiotic male germ cells, has been shown to result in the deregulation of hundreds of sex chromosome-encoded genes associated with multiple sperm differentiation defects and subsequent male infertility. The underlying mechanism remained, to date, unknown. Here, we show that SLY binds to the promoter of sex chromosome-encoded and autosomal genes highly expressed postmeiotically and involved in chromatin regulation. Specifically, we demonstrate that Sly knockdown directly induces the deregulation of sex chromosome-encoded H2A variants and of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L. The modifications prompted by loss of Sly alter the postmeiotic chromatin structure and ultimately result in abnormal sperm chromatin remodeling with negative consequences on the sperm genome integrity. Altogether our results show that SLY is a regulator of sperm chromatin remodeling. Finally we identified that SMRT/N-CoR repressor complex is involved in gene regulation during sperm differentiation since members of this complex, in particular TBL1XR1, interact with SLY in postmeiotic male germ cells.
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20
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POWERDRESS and HDA9 interact and promote histone H3 deacetylation at specific genomic sites in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14858-14863. [PMID: 27930340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618618114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a major epigenetic control mechanism that is tightly linked to the promotion of gene expression. Histone acetylation levels are balanced through the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Arabidopsis HDAC genes (AtHDACs) compose a large gene family, and distinct phenotypes among AtHDAC mutants reflect the functional specificity of individual AtHDACs However, the mechanisms underlying this functional diversity are largely unknown. Here, we show that POWERDRESS (PWR), a SANT (SWI3/DAD2/N-CoR/TFIII-B) domain protein, interacts with HDA9 and promotes histone H3 deacetylation, possibly by facilitating HDA9 function at target regions. The developmental phenotypes of pwr and hda9 mutants were highly similar. Three lysine residues (K9, K14, and K27) of H3 retained hyperacetylation status in both pwr and hda9 mutants. Genome-wide H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation profiling revealed elevated acetylation at largely overlapping sets of target genes in the two mutants. Highly similar gene-expression profiles in the two mutants correlated with the histone H3 acetylation status in the pwr and hda9 mutants. In addition, PWR and HDA9 modulated flowering time by repressing AGAMOUS-LIKE 19 expression through histone H3 deacetylation in the same genetic pathway. Finally, PWR was shown to physically interact with HDA9, and its SANT2 domain, which is homologous to that of subunits in animal HDAC complexes, showed specific binding affinity to acetylated histone H3. We therefore propose that PWR acts as a subunit in a complex with HDA9 to result in lysine deacetylation of histone H3 at specific genomic targets.
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21
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Wang J, Wang H, Wang LY, Cai D, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Chen P, Zou JX, Xu J, Chen X, Kung HJ, Chen HW. Silencing the epigenetic silencer KDM4A for TRAIL and DR5 simultaneous induction and antitumor therapy. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1886-1896. [PMID: 27612013 PMCID: PMC5071577 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to death receptors (DRs) have been in clinical trial but displayed limited anti-cancer efficacy. Lack of functional DR expression in tumors is a major limiting factor. We report here that chromatin regulator KDM4A/JMJD2A, not KDM4B, has a pivotal role in silencing tumor cell expression of both TRAIL and its receptor DR5. In TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells of lung, breast and prostate, KDM4A small-molecule inhibitor compound-4 (C-4) or gene silencing strongly induces TRAIL and DR5 expression, and causes TRAIL-dependent apoptotic cell death. KDM4A inhibition also strongly sensitizes cells to TRAIL. C-4 alone potently inhibits tumor growth with marked induction of TRAIL and DR5 expression in the treated tumors and effectively sensitizes them to the newly developed TRAIL-inducer ONC201. Mechanistically, C-4 does not appear to act through the Akt-ERK-FOXO3a pathway. Instead, it switches histone modifying enzyme complexes at promoters of TRAIL and DR5 transcriptional activator CHOP gene by dissociating KDM4A and nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR)-HDAC complex and inducing the recruitment of histone acetylase CBP. Thus, our results reveal KDM4A as a key epigenetic silencer of TRAIL and DR5 in tumors and establish inhibitors of KDM4A as a novel strategy for effectively sensitizing tumors to TRAIL pathway-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Demin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - June X Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research 3 Bldg, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 3221; Fax: +1 916 734 0190; E-mail: or
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research 3 Bldg, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 3221; Fax: +1 916 734 0190; E-mail: or
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22
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Carbonneau M, M Gagné L, Lalonde ME, Germain MA, Motorina A, Guiot MC, Secco B, Vincent EE, Tumber A, Hulea L, Bergeman J, Oppermann U, Jones RG, Laplante M, Topisirovic I, Petrecca K, Huot MÉ, Mallette FA. The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate activates the mTOR signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12700. [PMID: 27624942 PMCID: PMC5027283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer-associated mutations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) highlights the prevailing notion that aberrant metabolic function can contribute to carcinogenesis. IDH1/2 normally catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate (αKG). In gliomas and acute myeloid leukaemias, IDH1/2 mutations confer gain-of-function leading to production of the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) from αKG. Here we show that generation of 2HG by mutated IDH1/2 leads to the activation of mTOR by inhibiting KDM4A, an αKG-dependent enzyme of the Jumonji family of lysine demethylases. Furthermore, KDM4A associates with the DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), a negative regulator of mTORC1/2. Depletion of KDM4A decreases DEPTOR protein stability. Our results provide an additional molecular mechanism for the oncogenic activity of mutant IDH1/2 by revealing an unprecedented link between TCA cycle defects and positive modulation of mTOR function downstream of the canonical PI3K/AKT/TSC1-2 pathway. Oncogenic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 result in the production of the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate. Here the authors show that the oncometabolite promotes mTOR activation in a PTEN/PI3K-independent manner by regulating DEPTOR stability via inhibition of KDM4A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Carbonneau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Laurence M Gagné
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marie-Eve Lalonde
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Marie-Anne Germain
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Alena Motorina
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Blandine Secco
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Laura Hulea
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
| | - Jonathan Bergeman
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK.,Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology &Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.,CHU de Québec-Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, Quebec Canada G1R 3S3
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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23
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Kim TD, Oh S, Lightfoot SA, Shin S, Wren JD, Janknecht R. Upregulation of PSMD10 caused by the JMJD2A histone demethylase. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016; 9:10123-10134. [PMID: 28883898 PMCID: PMC5584593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PSMD10, also known as gankyrin, is associated with the proteasome and has been shown to be an oncoprotein in the liver. Here, we report that PSMD10 expression is stimulated by the histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A and its interaction partner, the ETV1 transcription factor, in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Global analysis of expression patterns revealed that PSMD10 mRNA levels are positively correlated with those of both JMJD2A and ETV1. In human prostate tumors, PSMD10 is highly overexpressed at the protein level and correlates with JMJD2A overexpression; further, PSMD10 expression is enhanced in the prostates of transgenic JMJD2A mice. Moreover, PSMD10 is particularly overexpressed in high Gleason score prostate tumors. Downregulation of PSMD10 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells impaired their growth, indicating that PSMD10 may exert a pro-oncogenic function in the prostate. Lastly, we observed that PSMD10 expression is correlated to YAP1, a component of the Hippo signaling pathway and whose gene promoter is regulated by JMJD2A, and that PSMD10 can cooperate with YAP1 in stimulating LNCaP cell growth. Altogether, these data indicate that PSMD10 is a novel downstream effector of JMJD2A and suggest that inhibition of the JMJD2A histone demethylase by small molecule drugs may be effective to curtail the oncogenic activity of PSMD10 in various PSMD10-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Dong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stan A Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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24
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Dreer M, Fertey J, van de Poel S, Straub E, Madlung J, Macek B, Iftner T, Stubenrauch F. Interaction of NCOR/SMRT Repressor Complexes with Papillomavirus E8^E2C Proteins Inhibits Viral Replication. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005556. [PMID: 27064408 PMCID: PMC4827801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) such as HPV16 and 31 can lead to ano-genital and oropharyngeal cancers and HPV types from the beta genus have been implicated in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. HPV replicate as nuclear extrachromosomal plasmids at low copy numbers in undifferentiated cells. HPV16 and 31 mutants have indicated that these viruses express an E8^E2C protein which negatively regulates genome replication. E8^E2C shares the DNA-binding and dimerization domain (E2C) with the essential viral replication activator E2 and the E8 domain replaces the replication/transcription activation domain of E2. The HR-HPV E8 domain is required for inhibiting viral transcription and the replication of the viral origin mediated by viral E1 and E2 proteins. We show now that E8^E2C also limits replication of HPV1, a mu-PV and HPV8, a beta-PV, in normal human keratinocytes. Proteomic analyses identified all NCoR/SMRT corepressor complex components (HDAC3, GPS2, NCoR, SMRT, TBL1 and TBLR1) as co-precipitating host cell proteins for HPV16 and 31 E8^E2C proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments revealed that NCoR/SMRT components interact with HPV1, 8, 16 and 31 E8^E2C proteins in an E8-dependent manner. SiRNA knock-down experiments confirm that NCoR/SMRT components are critical for both the inhibition of transcription and HPV origin replication by E8^E2C proteins. Furthermore, a dominant-negative NCoR fragment activates transcription and replication only from HPV16 and 31 wt but not from mutant genomes encoding NCoR/SMRT-binding deficient E8^E2C proteins. In summary, our data suggest that the repressive function of E8^E2C is highly conserved among HPV and that it is mediated by an E8-dependent interaction with NCoR/SMRT complexes. Our data also indicate for the first time that NCoR/SMRT complexes not only are involved in inhibiting cellular and viral transcription but also in controlling the replication of HPV origins. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been shown to cause ano-genital and oropharyngeal cancers and have been also implicated in non-melanoma skin cancer. HPV have a two-stage replication cycle: in undifferentiated keratinocytes only a low level of genome replication without virus production can be observed whereas in differentiated keratinocytes high-level genome replication and virus production takes place. Previous studies have suggested that some HPV encode an E8^E2C protein that limits genome replication in undifferentiated cells. We now demonstrate that E8^E2C proteins from phylogenetically diverse HPV types interact with NCoR/SMRT corepressor complexes to limit viral transcription and genome replication. While NCoR/SMRT complexes are known to mediate the transcription repression functions of a wide variety of host transcription factors, this is the first evidence that NCoR/SMRT proteins also are involved in the repression of the replication of viral origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dreer
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Division of Experimental Virology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fertey
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Division of Experimental Virology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Saskia van de Poel
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Division of Experimental Virology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Straub
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Division of Experimental Virology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Madlung
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Iftner
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Division of Experimental Virology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Stubenrauch
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Division of Experimental Virology, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Neault M, Mallette F, Richard S. miR-137 Modulates a Tumor Suppressor Network-Inducing Senescence in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1966-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Kim TD, Jin F, Shin S, Oh S, Lightfoot SA, Grande JP, Johnson AJ, van Deursen JM, Wren JD, Janknecht R. Histone demethylase JMJD2A drives prostate tumorigenesis through transcription factor ETV1. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:706-20. [PMID: 26731476 DOI: 10.1172/jci78132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone demethylase upregulation has been observed in human cancers, yet it is unknown whether this is a bystander event or a driver of tumorigenesis. We found that overexpression of lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A, also known as JMJD2A) was positively correlated with Gleason score and metastasis in human prostate tumors. Overexpression of JMJD2A resulted in the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in mice, demonstrating that JMJD2A can initiate prostate cancer development. Moreover, combined overexpression of JMJD2A and the ETS transcription factor ETV1, a JMJD2A-binding protein, resulted in prostate carcinoma formation in mice haplodeficient for the phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) tumor-suppressor gene. Additionally, JMJD2A cooperated with ETV1 to increase expression of yes associated protein 1 (YAP1), a Hippo pathway component that itself was associated with prostate tumor aggressiveness. ETV1 facilitated the recruitment of JMJD2A to the YAP1 promoter, leading to changes in histone lysine methylation in a human prostate cancer cell line. Further, YAP1 expression largely rescued the growth inhibitory effects of JMJD2A depletion in prostate cancer cells, indicating that YAP1 is a downstream effector of JMJD2A. Taken together, these data reveal a JMJD2A/ETV1/YAP1 axis that promotes prostate cancer initiation and that may be a suitable target for therapeutic inhibition.
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27
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Hu Q, Chen J, Zhang J, Xu C, Yang S, Jiang H. IOX1, a JMJD2A inhibitor, suppresses the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin II by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:189-96. [PMID: 26530537 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic modification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and extracellular matrix synthesis is known to occur in atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IOX1, a Jumonji domain-containing 2A (JMJD2A) inhibitor, on regulation of the cell cycle in angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated VSMCs and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. The proliferation and migration of the Ang II-stimulated VSMCs in the presence or absence of IOX1 were evaluated in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the effects of IOX1 on cell cycle progression. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were carried out to measure the expression levels of cell cycle-related genes. The trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) at the promoters of these genes was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. We confirmed that the JMJD2A levels were increased, whereas the H3K9me3 levels were decreased in the Ang II-stimulated VSMCs. The inhibition of JMJD2A by IOX1 suppressed the Ang II-induced cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and increasing p21 expression. The underlying mechanisms were related to the restoration of the H3K9me3 levels at the promoters of these genes. In conclusion, the findings of our study indicate that IOX1 exerts its anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects by regulating the expression of the cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin D1 and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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28
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Awwad SW, Ayoub N. Overexpression of KDM4 lysine demethylases disrupts the integrity of the DNA mismatch repair pathway. Biol Open 2015; 4:498-504. [PMID: 25770186 PMCID: PMC4400592 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDM4 family of lysine demethylases consists of five members, KDM4A, -B and -C that demethylate H3K9me2/3 and H3K36me2/3 marks, while KDM4D and -E demethylate only H3K9me2/3. Recent studies implicated KDM4 proteins in regulating genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized pathway by which hyperactivity of KDM4 demethylases promotes genomic instability. We show that overexpression of KDM4A-C, but not KDM4D, disrupts MSH6 foci formation during S phase by demethylating its binding site, H3K36me3. Consequently, we demonstrate that cells overexpressing KDM4 members are defective in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), as evident by the instability of four microsatellite markers and the remarkable increase in the spontaneous mutations frequency at the HPRT locus. Furthermore, we show that the defective MMR in cells overexpressing KDM4C is mainly due to the increase in its demethylase activity and can be mended by KDM4C downregulation. Altogether, our data suggest that cells overexpressing KDM4A-C are defective in DNA MMR and this may contribute to genomic instability and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah W Awwad
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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29
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Marholz LJ, Chang L, Old WM, Wang X. Development of substrate-selective probes for affinity pulldown of histone demethylases. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:129-37. [PMID: 25335116 PMCID: PMC4301071 DOI: 10.1021/cb5006867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
JmjC-domain
containing histone demethylases (JHDMs) play critical
roles in many key cellular processes and have been implicated in multiple
disease conditions. Each enzyme within this family is known to have
a strict substrate scope, specifically the position of the lysine
within the histone and its degree of methylation. While much progress
has been made in determining the substrates of each enzyme, new methods
with which to systematically profile each histone mark are greatly
needed. Novel chemical tools have the potential to fill this role
and, furthermore, can be used as probes to answer fundamental questions
about these enzymes and serve as potential therapeutic leads. In this
work, we first investigated three small-molecule probes differing
in the degree of “methylation state” and their differential
bindings to JHDM1A (an H3K36me1/2 demethylase) using a fluorescence
polarization-based competition assay. We then applied this specificity
toward the “methylation state” and combined it with
specificity toward lysine position in the design and synthesis of
a peptidic probe targeting H3K36me2 JHDMs. The probe is further functionalized
with a benzophenone cross-linking moiety and a biotin for affinity
purification. Results showed binding of the peptidic probe to JHDM1A
and specific enrichment of this protein in the presence of its native
histone substrates. Affinity purification pulldown experiments from
nuclear lysate coupled with mass spectrometry revealed the capability
of the probe to pull out and enrich JHDMs along with other epigenetic
proteins and transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Marholz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - William M. Old
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Accari SL, Fisher PR. Emerging Roles of JmjC Domain-Containing Proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 319:165-220. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Khoury-Haddad H, Nadar-Ponniah PT, Awwad S, Ayoub N. The emerging role of lysine demethylases in DNA damage response: dissecting the recruitment mode of KDM4D/JMJD2D to DNA damage sites. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:950-8. [PMID: 25714495 PMCID: PMC4614868 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1014147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KDM4D is a lysine demethylase that removes tri- and di- methylated residues from H3K9 and is involved in transcriptional regulation and carcinogenesis. We recently showed that KDM4D is recruited to DNA damage sites in a PARP1-dependent manner and facilitates double-strand break repair in human cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that KDM4D is an RNA binding protein and mapped its RNA-binding motifs. Interestingly, KDM4D-RNA interaction is essential for its localization on chromatin and subsequently for efficient demethylation of its histone substrate H3K9me3. Here, we provide new data that shed mechanistic insights into KDM4D accumulation at DNA damage sites. We show for the first time that KDM4D binds poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in vitro via its C-terminal region. In addition, we demonstrate that KDM4D-RNA interaction is required for KDM4D accumulation at DNA breakage sites. Finally, we discuss the recruitment mode and the biological functions of additional lysine demethylases including KDM4B, KDM5B, JMJD1C, and LSD1 in DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samah Awwad
- Department of Biology; Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology; Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa, Israel
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Structural definitions of Jumonji family demethylase selectivity. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:743-9. [PMID: 25555749 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Jumonji (Jmj) family of demethylases has a crucial role in regulating epigenetic processes through the removal of methyl groups from histone tails. The ability of Jmj demethylases to recognise their targets selectively has been elegantly addressed by structural studies. Reviewing recent structural literature, we provide an overview of selectivity mechanisms that demethylases use, including specific residues, methylation states and contextual requirements. We also report the presence of a common JmjN support domain across the family. The ability to use structural information for this enzyme class will be a crucial component of future drug discovery.
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Guerra-Calderas L, González-Barrios R, Herrera LA, Cantú de León D, Soto-Reyes E. The role of the histone demethylase KDM4A in cancer. Cancer Genet 2014; 208:215-24. [PMID: 25633974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications are important components of epigenetic regulation. One extensively studied modification is the methylation of lysine residues. These modifications were thought to be irreversible. However, several proteins with histone lysine demethylase functions have been discovered and characterized. Among these proteins, KDM4A is the first histone lysine demethylase shown to demethylate trimethylated residues. This enzyme plays an important role in gene expression, cellular differentiation, and animal development. Recently, it has also been shown to be involved in cancer. In this review, we focus on describing the structure, mechanisms, and function of KDM4A. We primarily discuss the role of KDM4A in cancer development and the importance of KDM4A as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissania Guerra-Calderas
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú de León
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Cascante A, Klum S, Biswas M, Antolin-Fontes B, Barnabé-Heider F, Hermanson O. Gene-Specific Methylation Control of H3K9 and H3K36 on Neurotrophic BDNF versus Astroglial GFAP Genes by KDM4A/C Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3467-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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JMJD2A-dependent silencing of Sp1 in advanced breast cancer promotes metastasis by downregulation of DIRAS3. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:487-500. [PMID: 25193278 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity protein 1(Sp1) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and is highly expressed in breast cancer. However, its expression pattern and role in breast cancer progression remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression pattern of Sp1 and determine its role in breast cancer progression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on breast cancer tissues to reveal the expression pattern of Sp1. Spearman rank correlation was used for clinical statistics. Gene and protein expressions were monitored by IHC analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to assess the role of Sp1 in breast cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, deletion mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were used for investigation of the regulatory network. Sp1 expression was downregulated in late stage breast cancer and in highly invasive breast cancer cell lines. Expression of Sp1 was negatively correlated with TNM staging (P = 0.002) and metastasis status (P = 0.023). Overexpression of Sp1 inhibited breast cancer cell migratory and invasive abilities, whereas knockdown of GTP-binding RAS-like 3 (DIRAS3, also known as ARHI, NOEY2) attenuated the inhibitory effects. Moreover, re-expression of DIRAS3 abolished Sp1 knockdown-mediated cell migration and invasion. Jumonji domain containing 2A (JMJD2A) inhibited Sp1 autoregulation and explains Sp1 expression pattern in breast cancer. Sp1 negatively regulated breast cancer metastasis by transcriptional activation of DIRAS3. Inhibition of Sp1 autoregulation by JMJD2A contributed to Sp1 expression pattern in breast cancer. Our findings provided evidence that targeted therapy against Sp1 might be useful in early stage breast cancer. However, in late stages, development of Sp1 activator may be more promising for breast cancer treatments.
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Das A, Chai JC, Jung KH, Das ND, Kang SC, Lee YS, Seo H, Chai YG. JMJD2A attenuation affects cell cycle and tumourigenic inflammatory gene regulation in lipopolysaccharide stimulated neuroectodermal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:361-78. [PMID: 25193078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
JMJD2A is a lysine trimethyl-specific histone demethylase that is highly expressed in a variety of tumours. The role of JMJD2A in tumour progression remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to identify JMJD2A-regulated genes and understand the function of JMJD2A in p53-null neuroectodermal stem cells (p53(-/-) NE-4Cs). We determined the effect of LPS as a model of inflammation in p53(-/-) NE-4Cs and investigated whether the epigenetic modifier JMJD2A alter the expression of tumourigenic inflammatory genes. Global gene expression was measured in JMJD2A knockdown (kd) p53(-/-) NE-4Cs and in LPS-stimulated JMJD2A-kd p53(-/-) NE-4C cells. JMJD2A attenuation significantly down-regulated genes were Cdca2, Ccnd2, Ccnd1, Crebbp, IL6rα, and Stat3 related with cell cycle, proliferation, and inflammatory-disease responses. Importantly, some tumour-suppressor genes including Dapk3, Timp2 and TFPI were significantly up-regulated but were not affected by silencing of the JMJD2B. Furthermore, we confirmed the attenuation of JMJD2A also down-regulated Cdca2, Ccnd2, Crebbp, and Rest in primary NSCs isolated from the forebrains of E15 embryos of C57/BL6J mice with effective p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α). Transcription factor (TF) motif analysis revealed known binding patterns for CDC5, MYC, and CREB, as well as three novel motifs in JMJD2A-regulated genes. IPA established molecular networks. The molecular network signatures and functional gene-expression profiling data from this study warrants further investigation as an effective therapeutic target, and studies to elucidate the molecular mechanism of JMJD2A-kd-dependent effects in neuroectodermal stem cells should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan 426-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan 426-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nando Dulal Das
- Clinical Research Centre, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Kang
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan 426-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan 426-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan 426-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular & Life Science, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Ansan 426-791, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Cardamone MD, Tanasa B, Chan M, Cederquist CT, Andricovich J, Rosenfeld MG, Perissi V. GPS2/KDM4A pioneering activity regulates promoter-specific recruitment of PPARγ. Cell Rep 2014; 8:163-76. [PMID: 24953653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely and selective recruitment of transcription factors to their appropriate DNA-binding sites represents a critical step in regulating gene activation; however, the regulatory strategies underlying each factor's effective recruitment to specific promoter and/or enhancer regions are not fully understood. Here, we identify an unexpected regulatory mechanism by which promoter-specific binding, and therefore function, of peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ (PPARγ) in adipocytes requires G protein suppressor 2 (GPS2) to prime the local chromatin environment via inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase RNF8 and stabilization of the H3K9 histone demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2. Integration of genome-wide profiling data indicates that the pioneering activity of GPS2/KDM4A is required for PPARγ-mediated regulation of a specific transcriptional program, including the lipolytic enzymes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Hence, our findings reveal that GPS2 exerts a biologically important function in adipose tissue lipid mobilization by directly regulating ubiquitin signaling and indirectly modulating chromatin remodeling to prime selected genes for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dafne Cardamone
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bogdan Tanasa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle Chan
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carly T Cederquist
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jaclyn Andricovich
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Franci G, Ciotta A, Altucci L. The Jumonji family: past, present and future of histone demethylases in cancer. Biomol Concepts 2014; 5:209-24. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe first Jumonji gene was cloned in 1995 by Takeuchi et al. [Takeuchi T, Yamazaki Y, Katoh-Fukui Y, Tsuchiya R, Kondo S, Motoyama J, Higashinakagawa T. Gene trap capture of a novel mouse gene, jumonji, required for neural tube formation. Genes Dev 1995; 9: 1211–22.]. Several genes sharing similar biological features have since been discovered, and are currently grouped into the JMJ family. Interestingly, their deregulation has been associated with cardiac disease, obesity, neurological disorders and cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying their function is gene expression modulation via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Increasing evidence of Jumonji deregulation in tumours such as colon, prostate, haematological and breast cancer is continually emerging, hence the need to acquire a better understanding. The Genesapiens.org database of patient arrays allows target expression levels to be investigated in a wide range of cancers, corroborating and extending the role of the JMJ family. Here, we provide an overview of the expression profile and regulation of JMJ family members in cancer, examining the most recent literature in the light of analyses drawn from this database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Franci
- 1Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Ciotta
- 1Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
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Kupershmit I, Khoury-Haddad H, Awwad SW, Guttmann-Raviv N, Ayoub N. KDM4C (GASC1) lysine demethylase is associated with mitotic chromatin and regulates chromosome segregation during mitosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:6168-82. [PMID: 24728997 PMCID: PMC4041427 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of human cancers exhibit amplification or deletion of KDM4A-D members, which selectively demethylate H3K9 and H3K36, thus implicating their activity in promoting carcinogenesis. On this basis, it was hypothesized that dysregulated expression of KDM4A-D family promotes chromosomal instabilities by largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that unlike KDM4A-B, KDM4C is associated with chromatin during mitosis. This association is accompanied by a decrease in the mitotic levels of H3K9me3. We also show that the C-terminal region, containing the Tudor domains of KDM4C, is essential for its association with mitotic chromatin. More specifically, we show that R919 residue on the proximal Tudor domain of KDM4C is critical for its association with chromatin during mitosis. Interestingly, we demonstrate that depletion or overexpression of KDM4C, but not KDM4B, leads to over 3-fold increase in the frequency of abnormal mitotic cells showing either misaligned chromosomes at metaphase, anaphase-telophase lagging chromosomes or anaphase-telophase bridges. Furthermore, overexpression of KDM4C demethylase-dead mutant has no detectable effect on mitotic chromosome segregation. Altogether, our findings implicate KDM4C demethylase activity in regulating the fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by a yet unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Kupershmit
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hanan Khoury-Haddad
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Samah W Awwad
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Noga Guttmann-Raviv
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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40
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Li LL, Xue AM, Li BX, Shen YW, Li YH, Luo CL, Zhang MC, Jiang JQ, Xu ZD, Xie JH, Zhao ZQ. JMJD2A contributes to breast cancer progression through transcriptional repression of the tumor suppressor ARHI. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R56. [PMID: 24886710 PMCID: PMC4077733 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is a worldwide health problem and the leading cause of cancer death among females. We previously identified Jumonji domain containing 2A (JMJD2A) as a critical mediator of breast cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. We now report that JMJD2A could promote breast cancer progression through transcriptional repression of the tumor suppressor aplasia Ras homolog member I (ARHI). Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine protein expressions in 155 cases of breast cancer and 30 non-neoplastic tissues. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between JMJD2A expression and clinical parameters as well as several tumor regulators in 155 cases of breast cancer. Gene and protein expressions were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Results from knockdown of JMJD2A, overexpression of JMJD2A, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) elucidated molecular mechanisms of JMJD2A action in breast cancer progression. Furthermore, the effects of ARHI overexpression on JMJD2A-mediated tumor progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro experiments, cell proliferation, wound-healing, migration and invasion were monitored by cell counting, scratch and Boyden Chamber assays. For in vivo experiments, control cells and cells stably expressing JMJD2A alone or together with ARHI were inoculated into mammary fat pads of mice. Tumor volume, tumor weight and metastatic nodules were measured by caliper, electronic balance and nodule counting, respectively. Results JMJD2A was highly expressed in human breast cancers and positively correlated with tumor progression. Knockdown of JMJD2A increased ARHI expression whereas overexpression of JMJD2A decreased ARHI expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, E2Fs and histone deacetylases were involved in the transcriptional repression of ARHI expression by JMJD2A. And the aggressive behavior of JMJD2A in breast cancers could be reversed by re-expression of ARHI in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion We demonstrated a cancer-promoting effect of JMJD2A and defined a novel molecular pathway contributing to JMJD2A-mediated breast cancer progression.
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Hu CE, Liu YC, Zhang HD, Huang GJ. JMJD2A predicts prognosis and regulates cell growth in human gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:1-7. [PMID: 24802408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases have been identified and biochemically characterized in mammalian. JMJD2A is a transcriptional cofactor and enzyme that catalyzes demethylation of histone H3 lysines 9 and 36. Here in this study, we aim to explore the role of JMJD2A in human gastric cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses reveal higher expression of JMJD2A in clinical gastric cancer tissues than that in normal gastric mucosa. JMJD2A expression is associated with tumor stage and nodal status, and high level of JMJD2A predicts poor overall and disease-free survival. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses demonstrate that JMJD2A could serve as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, we show that inhibition the expression of JMJD2A attenuates the growth and transformation of three lines of gastric cancer cells. Mechanically, JMJD2A knockdown induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and by down-regulating anti-apoptotic protein. Finally, we show that JMJD2A level is correlated with the level of the pro-apoptotic microRNA miR-34a in gastric cancer tissues and JMJD2A represses the expression of miR-34a by decreasing its promoter activity. Those findings demonstrate that JMJD2A regulates gastric cancer growth and serves as an independent prognostic factor, and implicate that JMJD2A may be a promising target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Jian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yi T, Weng J, Siwko S, Luo J, Li D, Liu M. LGR4/GPR48 inactivation leads to aniridia-genitourinary anomalies-mental retardation syndrome defects. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8767-80. [PMID: 24519938 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.530816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AGR syndrome (the clinical triad of aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation, a subgroup of WAGR syndrome for Wilm's tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation) is a rare syndrome caused by a contiguous gene deletion in the 11p13-14 region. However, the mechanisms of WAGR syndrome pathogenesis are elusive. In this study we provide evidence that LGR4 (also named GPR48), the only G-protein-coupled receptor gene in the human chromosome 11p12-11p14.4 fragment, is the key gene responsible for the diseases of AGR syndrome. Deletion of Lgr4 in mouse led to aniridia, polycystic kidney disease, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation, similar to the pathological defects of AGR syndrome. Furthermore, Lgr4 inactivation significantly increased cell apoptosis and decreased the expression of multiple important genes involved in the development of WAGR syndrome related organs. Specifically, deletion of Lgr4 down-regulated the expression of histone demethylases Jmjd2a and Fbxl10 through cAMP-CREB signaling pathways both in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and in urinary and reproductive system mouse tissues. Our data suggest that Lgr4, which regulates eye, kidney, testis, ovary, and uterine organ development as well as mental development through genetic and epigenetic surveillance, is a novel candidate gene for the pathogenesis of AGR syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Yi
- From the Institute of Biosciences and Technology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
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43
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Schoch H, Abel T. Transcriptional co-repressors and memory storage. Neuropharmacology 2014; 80:53-60. [PMID: 24440532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are a central mechanism for regulating chromatin structure and gene expression in the brain. A wide array of histone- and DNA-modifying enzymes have been identified as critical regulators of neuronal function, memory formation, and as causative agents in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Chromatin modifying enzymes are frequently incorporated into large multi-protein co-activator and co-repressor complexes, where the activity of multiple enzymes is both spatially and temporally coordinated. In this review, we discuss negative regulation of gene expression by co-repressor complexes, and the role of co-repressors and their binding partners in neuronal function, memory, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schoch
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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44
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Labbé RM, Holowatyj A, Yang ZQ. Histone lysine demethylase (KDM) subfamily 4: structures, functions and therapeutic potential. Am J Transl Res 2013; 6:1-15. [PMID: 24349617 PMCID: PMC3853420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
KDM4 histone demethylases catalyze the removal of methyl marks from histone lysine residues to epigenetically regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. KDM4 expression is tightly regulated to insure proper function in diverse biological processes, such as cellular differentiation. Mounting evidence has shown that disrupting KDM4 expression is implicated in the establishment and progression of multiple diseases including cancer. In particular, genomic regions encoding the KDM4A, B and C genes are often amplified, disrupting normal cellular proliferation. Furthermore, KDM4 demethylases are promising druggable targets. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in characterizing the structures and regulatory mechanisms of KDM4 proteins, as well as our current understanding of their alterations and roles in tumorigenesis. We also review the reported KDM4 inhibitors and discuss their potential as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne M Labbé
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Andreana Holowatyj
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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45
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Abstract
Lysine methylation is one of the most prominent histone posttranslational modifications that regulate chromatin structure. Changes in histone lysine methylation status have been observed during cancer formation, which is thought to be a consequence of the dysregulation of histone lysine methyltransferases or the opposing demethylases. KDM4/JMJD2 proteins are demethylases that target histone H3 on lysines 9 and 36 and histone H1.4 on lysine 26. This protein family consists of three ~130-kDa proteins (KDM4A-C) and KDM4D/JMJD2D, which is half the size, lacks the double PHD and Tudor domains that are epigenome readers and present in the other KDM4 proteins, and has a different substrate specificity. Various studies have shown that KDM4A/JMJD2A, KDM4B/JMJD2B, and/or KDM4C/JMJD2C are overexpressed in breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, and other tumors and are required for efficient cancer cell growth. In part, this may be due to their ability to modulate transcription factors such as the androgen and estrogen receptor. Thus, KDM4 proteins present themselves as novel potential drug targets. Accordingly, multiple attempts are under way to develop KDM4 inhibitors, which could complement the existing arsenal of epigenetic drugs that are currently limited to DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Berry
- Department of Cell Biology and Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Young LC, Hendzel MJ. The oncogenic potential of Jumonji D2 (JMJD2/KDM4) histone demethylase overexpression. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 91:369-77. [PMID: 24219278 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jumonji D2 proteins (JMJD2/KDM4) function to demethylate di- and trimethylated (me2/3) histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) and H3K36me3. Knockout mouse models for Kdm4b and Kdm4d have not resulted in gross abnormalities, while mouse models for Kdm4a and Kdm4c have not been reported. However, the KDM4 subfamily of demethylases are overexpressed in several tumor types. Overexpression of KDM4 proteins alters transcription and chromatin remodeling, driving cellular proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and migration. Increased proliferation occurs through KDM4-mediated modification of cell cycle timing, as well as through increased numbers of replication forks. Recent evidence also suggests that KDM4C overexpression contributes to the maintenance of a pluripotent state. Together these data suggest that overexpression of KDM4 proteins induces numerous oncogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Young
- Cross Cancer Institute and the Department of Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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47
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Crona F, Dahlberg O, Lundberg LE, Larsson J, Mannervik M. Gene regulation by the lysine demethylase KDM4A in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2012. [PMID: 23195220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methylation of histones is associated with both transcriptionally active chromatin and with silent chromatin, depending on what residue is modified. Histone methyltransferases and demethylases ensure that histone methylations are dynamic and can vary depending on cell cycle- or developmental stage. KDM4A demethylates H3K36me3, a modification enriched in the 3' end of active genes. The genomic targets and the role of KDM4 proteins in development remain largely unknown. We therefore generated KDM4A mutant Drosophila, and identified 99 mis-regulated genes in first instar larvae. Around half of these genes were down-regulated and the other half up-regulated in dKDM4A mutants. Although heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) can stimulate dKDM4A demethylase activity in vitro, we find that they antagonize each other in control of dKDM4A-regulated genes. Appropriate expression levels for some dKDM4A-regulated genes rely on the demethylase activity of dKDM4A, whereas others do not. Surprisingly, although highly expressed, many demethylase-dependent and independent genes are devoid of H3K36me3 in wild-type as well as in dKDM4A mutant larvae, suggesting that some of the most strongly affected genes in dKDM4A mutant animals are not regulated by H3K36 methylation. By contrast, dKDM4A over-expression results in a global decrease in H3K36me3 levels and male lethality, which might be caused by impaired dosage compensation. Our results show that a modest increase in global H3K36me3 levels is compatible with viability, fertility, and the expression of most genes, whereas decreased H3K36me3 levels are detrimental in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Crona
- Stockholm University, Wenner-Gren Institute, Developmental Biology, Arrhenius laboratories E3, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Histone methylation in the nervous system: functions and dysfunctions. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:740-56. [PMID: 23161382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is a key epigenetic process controlling the regulation of gene transcription. Local changes of chromatin architecture can be achieved by post-translational modifications of histones such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and ADP-ribosylation. These changes are dynamic and allow for rapid repression or de-repression of specific target genes. Chromatin remodeling enzymes are largely involved in the control of cellular differentiation, and loss or gain of function is often correlated with pathological events. For these reasons, research on chromatin remodeling enzymes is currently very active and rapidly expanding, these enzymes representing very promising targets for the design of novel therapeutics in different areas of medicine including oncology and neurology. In this review, we focus on histone methylation in the nervous system. We provide an overview on mammalian histone methyltransferases and demethylases and their mechanisms of action, and we discuss their roles in the development of the nervous system and their involvement in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and behavioral disorders.
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49
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Mallette FA, Richard S. JMJD2A promotes cellular transformation by blocking cellular senescence through transcriptional repression of the tumor suppressor CHD5. Cell Rep 2012; 2:1233-43. [PMID: 23168260 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response preventing tumorigenesis. The Ras oncogene is frequently activated or mutated in human cancers, but Ras activation is insufficient to transform primary cells. In a search for cooperating oncogenes, we identify the lysine demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A. We show that JMJD2A functions as a negative regulator of Ras-induced senescence and collaborates with oncogenic Ras to promote cellular transformation by negatively regulating the p53 pathway. We find CHD5, a known tumor suppressor regulating p53 activity, as a target of JMJD2A. The expression of JMJD2A inhibits Ras-mediated CHD5 induction leading to a reduced activity of the p53 pathway. In addition, we show that JMJD2A is overexpressed in mouse and human lung cancers. Depletion of JMJD2A in the human lung cancer cell line A549 bearing an activated K-Ras allele triggers senescence. We propose that JMJD2A is an oncogene that represents a target for Ras-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérick A Mallette
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
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50
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Kim TD, Shin S, Berry WL, Oh S, Janknecht R. The JMJD2A demethylase regulates apoptosis and proliferation in colon cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1368-76. [PMID: 22134899 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
JMJD2A is a transcriptional cofactor and enzyme that catalyzes demethylation of histone H3 lysines 9 and 36 and is overexpressed in human tumors, but its role in oncogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that JMJD2A interacts with the tumor suppressor p53 both in vitro and in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that JMJD2A was recruited together with p53 to the promoter of the p21 cell cycle inhibitor upon stimulation with the DNA damaging agent, adriamycin. Downregulation of JMJD2A resulted in increased expression of p21 and of the pro-apoptotic Puma protein, whereas levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein were decreased. Furthermore, JMJD2A knock-down led to reduced HCT116, DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cell proliferation, while overexpression of JMJD2A enhanced HCT116 proliferation in low serum media. Finally, JMJD2A depletion induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells and this effect was less pronounced in the absence of p53. Collectively, these data indicate that JMJD2A is a novel promoter of colon cancer cell proliferation and survival, which mediates its effects in p53-dependent and -independent ways. JMJD2A may therefore be a valid target to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death and growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Dong Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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