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Li ZT, Han SX, Pu JY, Wang YY, Jiang Y, Gao MJ, Zhan XB, Xu S. In Vitro Digestion and Fecal Fermentation of Low-Gluten Rice and Its Effect on the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040855. [PMID: 36832930 PMCID: PMC9956666 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-gluten rice is part of a special diet for chronic kidney disease patients, but its digestive mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract is unclear. In this study, low-gluten rice (LGR), common rice (CR), and rice starch (RS) were used as experimental samples, and their digestion and bacterial fermentation were simulated using an in vitro gastrointestinal reactor to investigate the mechanism of the effect of LGR on human health. The starch digestibility of CR was higher than that of LGR, with statistically significant differences. LGR has growth-promoting and metabolic effects on Akkermansia muciniphila. Among the beneficial metabolites, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from LGR reached 104.85 mmol/L, an increase of 44.94% (versus RS) and 25.33% (versus CR). Moreover, the concentration of lactic acid reached 18.19 mmol/L, an increase of 60.55% (versus RS) and 25.28% (versus CR). Among the harmful metabolites, the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in LGR was 0.29 mmol/L and the concentration of ammonia was 2.60 mmol/L, which was 79.31% and 16.15% lower than CR, respectively. A significant increase in the concentration of the beneficial intestinal bacteria Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium occurred from LGR. The 16s rDNA sequencing showed that the abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased and the abundance of the Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria decreased. Thus, LGR has positive effects on digestion and gut microbiota structure and metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuang-Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia-Yang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min-Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (X.-B.Z.); (S.X.); Tel.: +86-51085918299 (X.-B.Z.); +86-51068089784 (S.X.)
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (X.-B.Z.); (S.X.); Tel.: +86-51085918299 (X.-B.Z.); +86-51068089784 (S.X.)
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Li J, Sun Y, Wang R, Ma S, Shi L, Wang K, Zhang H, Wang T, Liu L. Seasonal differences in intestinal flora are related to rats' intestinal water metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1109696. [PMID: 36910220 PMCID: PMC9999011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported obvious seasonal differences in the intestinal flora of rats, and this stable distribution of the seasonal flora helps in maintaining the normal physiological function of the host. However, the mechanism underlying these seasonal differences in intestinal flora remains unclear. To explore the correlation among seasonal factors and intestinal water metabolism and intestinal flora, 20 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into spring, summer, autumn, and winter groups. The environment for the four seasons was simulated using the Balanced Temperature and Humidity Control system. The intestinal water metabolism was evaluated by determining the intestinal transmission function, fecal water content, water content of colonic tissue, and the colonic expression levels of AQP3, AQP4, and AQP8. The composition and relative abundance of intestinal microflora in rats in each season were assessed through 16S rDNA amplifier sequencing, and the relationship between the dominant flora and intestinal water metabolism in each season was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The high temperature and humidity season could lead to an increase in intestinal water metabolism and intestinal water content in rats, whereas the low temperature and humidity season could lead to a decrease, which was closely related to the change in microflora. To explore the molecular mechanism of seasonal changes in intestinal water metabolism, the concentration of colonic 5-HT, VIP, cAMP, and PKA associated with intestinal water metabolism in rats were also examined. Seasonal changes could affect the concentration of colonic 5-HT and VIP in rats, and then regulate AQPs through cAMP/PKA pathway to affect the intestinal water metabolism. These results suggest that seasonal factors affect the level of intestinal water metabolism in rats and result in seasonal differences in intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yike Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuran Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ivulic D, Rossello-Mora R, Viver T, Montero DA, Vidal S, Aspee F, Hidalgo H, Vidal R. Litter Management Strategies and Their Impact on the Environmental and Respiratory Microbiome Might Influence Health in Poultry. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050878. [PMID: 35630323 PMCID: PMC9144224 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial and respiratory tract-associated bacterial diversity has been scarcely studied in broiler production systems. This study examined the relationship between the environmental air and birds’ respiratory microbiome, considering a longitudinal sampling. Total viable bacteria and coliforms in the air were quantified, and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from tracheal and air samples obtained through a novelty protocol. Air results showed a decrease in coliforms over time. However, at week 3, we reported an increase in coliforms (from 143 to 474 CFUc/m3) associated with litter management. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene results indicated a distinctive air microbial community, associated primarily with Bacillota phylum particularly of the Bacilli class (>58%), under all conditions. Tracheal results indicated a predominance of Escherichia coli/Shigella at the beginning of the productive cycle, shifting toward the middle and end of the cycle to Gallibacterium. However, at week 3, the dominance of Escherichia coli/Shigella (>99.5%) associated with litter aeration by tumbling stood out. Tracheal and air samples displayed a statistically different community structure, but shared differentially abundant features through time: Enterococcus, Gallibacterium, and Romboutsia ilealis. These results indicate the impact of production management protocols on the birds’ respiratory system that should be considered a breakpoint in poultry farm health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinka Ivulic
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Ramon Rossello-Mora
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Diversity, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain; (R.R.-M.); (T.V.)
| | - Tomeu Viver
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Diversity, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain; (R.R.-M.); (T.V.)
| | - David A. Montero
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | | | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Avian Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (R.V.); Tel.: +56-998-477-740 (H.H.); +56-998-496-363 (R.V.)
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (R.V.); Tel.: +56-998-477-740 (H.H.); +56-998-496-363 (R.V.)
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Ovi F, Hauck R, Grueber J, Mussini F, Pacheco W. Effects of prepelleting whole corn inclusion on feed particle size, pellet quality, growth performance, carcass yield, and digestive organ development and intestinal microbiome of broilers between 14 and 42 d of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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