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Nguyen DT, Wu B, Long H, Zhang N, Patterson C, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Lynch M, Hao W. Variable Spontaneous Mutation and Loss of Heterozygosity among Heterozygous Genomes in Yeast. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:3118-3130. [PMID: 33219379 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation and recombination are the primary sources of genetic variation. To better understand the evolution of genetic variation, it is crucial to comprehensively investigate the processes involving mutation accumulation and recombination. In this study, we performed mutation accumulation experiments on four heterozygous diploid yeast species in the Saccharomycodaceae family to determine spontaneous mutation rates, mutation spectra, and losses of heterozygosity (LOH). We observed substantial variation in mutation rates and mutation spectra. We also observed high LOH rates (1.65-11.07×10-6 events per heterozygous site per cell division). Biases in spontaneous mutation and LOH together with selection ultimately shape the variable genome-wide nucleotide landscape in yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong T Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Baojun Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Hongan Long
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Lynch
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Weilong Hao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Tavares MJ, Güldener U, Mendes-Ferreira A, Mira NP. Genome sequencing, annotation and exploration of the SO 2-tolerant non-conventional yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:131. [PMID: 33622260 PMCID: PMC7903802 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomycodes ludwigii belongs to the poorly characterized Saccharomycodeacea family and is known by its ability to spoil wines, a trait mostly attributable to its high tolerance to sulfur dioxide (SO2). To improve knowledge about Saccharomycodeacea our group determined whole-genome sequences of Hanseniaspora guilliermondii (UTAD222) and S. ludwigii (UTAD17), two members of this family. While in the case of H. guilliermondii the genomic information elucidated crucial aspects concerning the physiology of this species in the context of wine fermentation, the draft sequence obtained for S. ludwigii was distributed by more than 1000 contigs complicating extraction of biologically relevant information. In this work we describe the results obtained upon resequencing of S. ludwigii UTAD17 genome using PacBio as well as the insights gathered from the exploration of the annotation performed over the assembled genome. RESULTS Resequencing of S. ludwigii UTAD17 genome with PacBio resulted in 20 contigs totaling 13 Mb of assembled DNA and corresponding to 95% of the DNA harbored by this strain. Annotation of the assembled UTAD17 genome predicts 4644 protein-encoding genes. Comparative analysis of the predicted S. ludwigii ORFeome with those encoded by other Saccharomycodeacea led to the identification of 213 proteins only found in this species. Among these were six enzymes required for catabolism of N-acetylglucosamine, four cell wall β-mannosyltransferases, several flocculins and three acetoin reductases. Different from its sister Hanseniaspora species, neoglucogenesis, glyoxylate cycle and thiamine biosynthetic pathways are functional in S. ludwigii. Four efflux pumps similar to the Ssu1 sulfite exporter, as well as robust orthologues for 65% of the S. cerevisiae SO2-tolerance genes, were identified in S. ludwigii genome. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the first genome-wide picture of a S. ludwigii strain representing a step forward for a better understanding of the physiology and genetics of this species and of the Saccharomycodeacea family. The release of this genomic sequence and of the information extracted from it can contribute to guide the design of better wine preservation strategies to counteract spoilage prompted by S. ludwigii. It will also accelerate the exploration of this species as a cell factory, specially in production of fermented beverages where the use of Non-Saccharomyces species (including spoilage species) is booming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Tavares
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Maximus von-Imhof- Forum 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ana Mendes-Ferreira
- WM&B - Laboratory of Wine Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal. .,BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Nuno P Mira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Characterizing the Potential of the Non-Conventional Yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii UTAD17 in Winemaking. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110478. [PMID: 31652781 PMCID: PMC6920815 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have received increased attention by researchers and winemakers, due to their particular contributions to the characteristics of wine. In this group, Saccharomycodes ludwigii is one of the less studied species. In the present study, a native S. ludwigii strain, UTAD17 isolated from the Douro wine region was characterized for relevant oenological traits. The genome of UTAD17 was recently sequenced. Its potential use in winemaking was further evaluated by conducting grape-juice fermentations, either in single or in mixed-cultures, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, following two inoculation strategies (simultaneous and sequential). In a pure culture, S. ludwigii UTAD17 was able to ferment all sugars in a reasonable time without impairing the wine quality, producing low levels of acetic acid and ethyl acetate. The overall effects of S. ludwigii UTAD17 in a mixed-culture fermentation were highly dependent on the inoculation strategy which dictated the dominance of each yeast strain. Wines whose fermentation was governed by S. ludwigii UTAD17 presented low levels of secondary aroma compounds and were chemically distinct from those fermented by S. cerevisiae. Based on these results, a future use of this non-Saccharomyces yeast either in monoculture fermentations or as a co-starter culture with S. cerevisiae for the production of wines with greater expression of the grape varietal character and with flavor diversity could be foreseen.
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Steenwyk JL, Opulente DA, Kominek J, Shen XX, Zhou X, Labella AL, Bradley NP, Eichman BF, Čadež N, Libkind D, DeVirgilio J, Hulfachor AB, Kurtzman CP, Hittinger CT, Rokas A. Extensive loss of cell-cycle and DNA repair genes in an ancient lineage of bipolar budding yeasts. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000255. [PMID: 31112549 PMCID: PMC6528967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA repair processes protect organisms from potentially lethal mutational damage. Compared to other budding yeasts in the subphylum Saccharomycotina, we noticed that a lineage in the genus Hanseniaspora exhibited very high evolutionary rates, low Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content, small genome sizes, and lower gene numbers. To better understand Hanseniaspora evolution, we analyzed 25 genomes, including 11 newly sequenced, representing 18/21 known species in the genus. Our phylogenomic analyses identify two Hanseniaspora lineages, a faster-evolving lineage (FEL), which began diversifying approximately 87 million years ago (mya), and a slower-evolving lineage (SEL), which began diversifying approximately 54 mya. Remarkably, both lineages lost genes associated with the cell cycle and genome integrity, but these losses were greater in the FEL. E.g., all species lost the cell-cycle regulator WHIskey 5 (WHI5), and the FEL lost components of the spindle checkpoint pathway (e.g., Mitotic Arrest-Deficient 1 [MAD1], Mitotic Arrest-Deficient 2 [MAD2]) and DNA-damage-checkpoint pathway (e.g., Mitosis Entry Checkpoint 3 [MEC3], RADiation sensitive 9 [RAD9]). Similarly, both lineages lost genes involved in DNA repair pathways, including the DNA glycosylase gene 3-MethylAdenine DNA Glycosylase 1 (MAG1), which is part of the base-excision repair pathway, and the DNA photolyase gene PHotoreactivation Repair deficient 1 (PHR1), which is involved in pyrimidine dimer repair. Strikingly, the FEL lost 33 additional genes, including polymerases (i.e., POLymerase 4 [POL4] and POL32) and telomere-associated genes (e.g., Repressor/activator site binding protein-Interacting Factor 1 [RIF1], Replication Factor A 3 [RFA3], Cell Division Cycle 13 [CDC13], Pbp1p Binding Protein [PBP2]). Echoing these losses, molecular evolutionary analyses reveal that, compared to the SEL, the FEL stem lineage underwent a burst of accelerated evolution, which resulted in greater mutational loads, homopolymer instabilities, and higher fractions of mutations associated with the common endogenously damaged base, 8-oxoguanine. We conclude that Hanseniaspora is an ancient lineage that has diversified and thrived, despite lacking many otherwise highly conserved cell-cycle and genome integrity genes and pathways, and may represent a novel, to our knowledge, system for studying cellular life without them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dana A Opulente
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jacek Kominek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xing-Xing Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abigail L Labella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Noah P Bradley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brandt F Eichman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Neža Čadež
- University of Ljubljana Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática, Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Jeremy DeVirgilio
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amanda Beth Hulfachor
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cletus P Kurtzman
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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