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Piccirilli A, Di Marcantonio S, Costantino V, Simonetti O, Busetti M, Luzzati R, Principe L, Di Domenico M, Rinaldi A, Cammà C, Perilli M. Identification of IncA Plasmid, Harboring blaVIM-1 Gene, in S. enterica Goldcoast ST358 and C. freundii ST62 Isolated in a Hospitalized Patient. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1659. [PMID: 38136693 PMCID: PMC10741216 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the genome of two S. enterica strains TS1 and TS2 from stool and blood cultures, respectively, and one strain of C. freundii TS3, isolated from a single hospitalized patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The S. enterica Goldcoast ST358 (O:8 (C2-C3) serogroup), sequenced by the MiSeq Illumina system, showed the presence of β-lactamase genes (blaVIM-1, blaSHV-12 and blaOXA-10), aadA1, ant(2″)-Ia, aac(6')-Iaa, aac(6')-Ib3, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrVC6, parC(T57S), and several incompatibility plasmids. A wide variety of insertion sequences (ISs) and transposon elements were identified. In C. freundii TS3, these were the blaVIM-1, blaCMY-150, and blaSHV-12, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib3, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A), sul1, dfrA14, ARR-2, qnrVC6, and qnrB38. IncA plasmid isolated from E.coli/K12 transconjugant and C. freundii exhibited a sequence identity >99.9%. The transfer of IncA plasmid was evaluated by conjugation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Sascia Di Marcantonio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Venera Costantino
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Omar Simonetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy; (O.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Marina Busetti
- Microbiology Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy; (V.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), 34125 Trieste, Italy; (O.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (A.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.D.M.); (M.P.)
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Abreu R, Rodríguez-Álvarez C, Castro-Hernandez B, Lecuona-Fernández M, González JC, Rodríguez-Novo Y, Arias Rodríguez MDLA. Prevalence and Characterisation of Multiresistant Bacterial Strains Isolated in Pigs from the Island of Tenerife. Vet Sci 2022; 9:269. [PMID: 35737321 PMCID: PMC9230743 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can circulate among human and animal populations through direct contact with animals, as well as via food and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and characterisation of multiresistant bacteria in pig samples. METHODS 224 samples of pig livestock were taken at the slaughterhouse on the island of Tenerife. A nasal and a rectal sample were collected from each pig. The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (MRCoNS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (BLEE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was investigated. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were characterised by specific PCRs depending on the microorganism to be studied, and in vitro antimicrobial resistance was determined using the broth microdilution method (Vitek®2 system bioMérieux®, Nurtingen, Germany). RESULTS MRSA prevalence was 73.21% (164 isolates). MRCoNS prevalence was 9.8% (22 isolates), S. sciuri being the prevalent species. Six isolates presented a 2.7% prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (BLEE) in the CTX-M-1 group. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), or colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. CONCLUSION we found a high presence of multiresistant bacteria, suggesting the need for increased control and surveillance of this type of strains in pig livestock and a better understanding of the possible transmission routes of these microorganisms through livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Abreu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
| | - Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
| | - Beatriz Castro-Hernandez
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (B.C.-H.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Maria Lecuona-Fernández
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (B.C.-H.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Juan Carlos González
- Canary Islands Health Service, Canary Islands, 38004 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Yurena Rodríguez-Novo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Section, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Maria de los Angeles Arias Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
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3
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Bueno TS, Loiko MR, Vidaletti MR, Oliveira JA, Fetzner T, Cerva C, Moraes LB, De Carli S, Siqueira FM, Rodrigues RO, Menezes Coppola M, Callegari‐Jacques SM, Mayer FQ. Multidrug‐resistant
Escherichia coli
from free‐living pigeons (
Columba livia
): Insights into antibiotic environmental contamination and detection of resistance genes. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:682-693. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Silveira Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Loiko
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
- Universidade Feevale Novo Hamburgo Brazil
| | - Marina Roth Vidaletti
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Júlia Alves Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Tiago Fetzner
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Cristine Cerva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Lucas Brunelli Moraes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | - Mario Menezes Coppola
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias DesidérioFinamor Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural Eldorado do Sul Brazil
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Prevalence and zoonotic transmission of colistin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales on German pig farms. One Health 2021; 13:100354. [PMID: 34934795 PMCID: PMC8654966 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of infections due to colistin-resistant (Col-E) and carbapenemase-producing (CPE) Enterobacterales challenges clinicians both in human and veterinary medicine. Preventing zoonotic transmission of these multidrug-resistant bacteria is a Public Health priority. This study investigates the prevalence of Col-E and CPE on 81 pig farms in North-West Germany as well as among 138 directly exposed humans working on these farms. Between March 2018 and September 2020, 318 samples of porcine feces were taken using boot swabs. Farm workers provided a stool sample. Both a selective culture-based approach and a molecular detection of colistin (mcr-1 to mcr-5) and carbapenem resistance determinants (bla OXA-48/bla VIM/bla KPC/bla NDM) was used to screen all samples. Isolates from farm workers and farms were compared using core genome multilocus-sequence typing (cgMLST) and plasmid-typing. CPE were cultured neither from porcine feces nor from human stool samples. In one stool sample, bla OXA-48 was detected, but no respective CPE isolate was found. Col-E were found in 18/318 porcine (5.7%) samples from 10/81 (12.3%) farms and 2/138 (1.4%) farmers, respectively. All Col-E isolates were Escherichia coli harboring mcr-1. Both farm workers colonized with Col-E worked on farms where no Col-E were detected in porcine samples. In conclusion, CPE were absent on German pig farms. This supports findings of culture-based national monitoring systems and provides evidence that even when improving the diagnostic sensitivity by using molecular detection techniques in addition to culture, CPE are not prevalent. Col-E were prevalent in porcine feces despite a recent decrease in colistin usage among German livestock and absence of colistin treatments on the sampled farms. Farmers carried Col-E, but zoonotic transmission was not confirmed.
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Exploring the Global Spread of Klebsiella grimontii Isolates Possessing blaVIM-1 and mcr-9. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0072421. [PMID: 34181480 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00724-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of plasmid-mediated carbapenemases within Klebsiella oxytoca is well-documented. In contrast, data concerning the closely related species Klebsiella grimontii are scarce. In fact, despite the recent report of the first blaKPC-2-producing K. grimontii, nothing is known about its clonality and antibiotic resistance patterns. In a retrospective search in our collection, we identified 2 blaVIM-positive K. oxytoca strains. Whole-genome sequencing with both Illumina and Nanopore indicated that our strains actually belonged to K. grimontii and were of sequence type 172 (ST172) and ST189. Moreover, the two strains were associated with 297-kb IncHI2/HI2A-pST1 and 90.6-kb IncFII(Yp) plasmids carrying blaVIM-1 together with mcr-9 and blaVIM-1, respectively. In the IncHI2/HI2A plasmid, blaVIM-1 was located in a class 1 integron (In110), while mcr-9 was associated with the qseC-qseB-like regulatory elements. Overall, this plasmid was shown to be very similar to those carried by other Enterobacterales isolated from food and animal sources (e.g., Salmonella and Enterobacter spp. detected in Germany and Egypt). The IncFII(Yp) plasmid was unique, and its blaVIM-1 region was associated with a rare integron (In1373). Mapping of In1373 indicated a possible origin in Austria from an Enterobacter hormaechei carrying a highly similar plasmid. Core-genome phylogenies indicated that the ST172 K. grimontii belonged to a clone of identical Swedish and Swiss strains (≤15 single nucleotide variants [SNVs] to each other), whereas the ST189 strain was sporadic. Surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. oxytoca strains should be reinforced to detect and prevent the dissemination of new species belonging to the Klebsiella genus.
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Köck R, Herr C, Kreienbrock L, Schwarz S, Tenhagen BA, Walther B. Multiresistant Gram-Negative Pathogens—A Zoonotic Problem. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:579-589. [PMID: 33814041 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing, carbapenemase-producing, and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E, CPE, and Col-E) are multiresistant pathogens that are increasingly being encountered in both human and veterinary medicine. In this review, we discuss the frequency, sources, and significance of the zoonotic transmission of these pathogens between animals and human beings. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective literature search. Findings for Germany are presented in the global context. RESULTS ESBL-E are common in Germany in both animals and human beings, with a 6-10% colonization rate in the general human population. A major source of ESBL-E is human-tohuman transmission, partly through travel. Some colonizations are of zoonotic origin (i.e., brought about by contact with animals or animal-derived food products); in the Netherlands, more than 20% of cases are thought to be of this type. CPE infections, on the other hand, are rare in Germany in both animals and human beings. Their main source in human beings is nosocomial transmission. Col-E, which bear mcr resistance genes, have been described in Germany mainly in food-producing animals and their meat. No representative data are available on Col-E in human beings in Germany; in Europe, the prevalence of colonization is less than 2%, with long-distance travel as a risk factor. The relevance of animals as a source of Col-E for human beings is not yet entirely clear. CONCLUSION Livestock farming and animal contact affect human colonization with the multiresistant Gram-negative pathogens CPE, ESBL-E and Col-E to differing extents. Improved prevention will require the joint efforts of human and veterinary medicine.
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7
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Mthembu TP, Zishiri OT, El Zowalaty ME. Genomic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Chain and Livestock-Associated Salmonella Species. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:872. [PMID: 33803844 PMCID: PMC8003163 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising trend of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by foodborne bacteria is a public health concern as these pathogens are easily transmitted to humans through the food chain. Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. is one of the leading foodborne pathogens which infect humans worldwide and is associated with food and livestock. Due to the lack of discovery of new antibiotics and the pressure exerted by antimicrobial resistance in the pharmaceutical industry, this review aimed to address the issue of antibiotic use in livestock which leads to AMR in Salmonella. Much attention was given to resistance to carbapenems and colistin which are the last-line antibiotics used in cases of multi drug resistant bacterial infections. In the present review, we highlighted data published on antimicrobial resistant Salmonella species and serovars associated with livestock and food chain animals. The importance of genomic characterization of carbapenem and colistin resistant Salmonella in determining the relationship between human clinical isolates and food animal isolates was also discussed in this review. Plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequence elements mediate dissemination of not only AMR genes but also genes for resistance to heavy metals and disinfectants, thus limiting the therapeutic options for treatment and control of Salmonella. Genes for resistance to colistin (mcr-1 to mcr-9) and carbapenem (blaVIM-1, blaDNM-1, and blaNDM-5) have been detected from poultry, pig, and human Salmonella isolates, indicating food animal-associated AMR which is a threat to human public health. Genotyping, plasmid characterization, and phylogenetic analysis is important in understanding the epidemiology of livestock-related Salmonella so that measures of preventing foodborne threats to humans can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobeka P. Mthembu
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (T.P.M.); (O.T.Z.)
| | - Oliver T. Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (T.P.M.); (O.T.Z.)
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE 751 23, Sweden
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Pietsch M, Pfeifer Y, Fuchs S, Werner G. Genome-Based Analyses of Fitness Effects and Compensatory Changes Associated with Acquisition of bla
CMY-, bla
CTX-M-, and bla
OXA-48/VIM-1-Containing Plasmids in Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010090. [PMID: 33477799 PMCID: PMC7832316 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Resistance plasmids are under selective conditions beneficial for the bacterial host, but in the absence of selective pressure, this carriage may cause fitness costs. Compensation of this fitness burden is important to obtain competitive ability under antibiotic-free conditions. In this study, we investigated fitness effects after a conjugative transfer of plasmids containing various beta-lactamase genes transferred into Escherichia coli. (2) Methods: Fourteen beta-lactamase-encoding plasmids were transferred from clinical donor strains to E. coli J53. Growth rates were compared for all transconjugants and the recipient. Selected transconjugants were challenged in long-term growth experiments. Growth rates were assessed at different time points during growth for 500 generations. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of initial and evolved transconjugants was determined. Results: Most plasmid acquisitions resulted in growth differences, ranging from -4.5% to 7.2%. Transfer of a single bla
CMY-16-carrying plasmid resulted in a growth burden and a growth benefit in independent mating. Long-term growth led to a compensation of fitness burdens and benefits. Analyzing WGS revealed genomic changes caused by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion sequences over time. Conclusions: Fitness effects associated with plasmid acquisitions were variable. Potential compensatory mutations identified in transconjugants' genomes after 500 generations give interesting insights into aspects of plasmid-host adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pietsch
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Diseases, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistances, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; (M.P.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Diseases, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistances, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; (M.P.); (Y.P.)
| | - Stephan Fuchs
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Division Bioinformatics, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institute, Department Infectious Diseases, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistances, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; (M.P.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-18754-4210
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9
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Sib E, Lenz-Plet F, Barabasch V, Klanke U, Savin M, Hembach N, Schallenberg A, Kehl K, Albert C, Gajdiss M, Zacharias N, Müller H, Schmithausen RM, Exner M, Kreyenschmidt J, Schreiber C, Schwartz T, Parčina M, Bierbaum G. Bacteria isolated from hospital, municipal and slaughterhouse wastewaters show characteristic, different resistance profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140894. [PMID: 32763594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria cause difficult-to-treat infections and pose a risk for modern medicine. Sources of multidrug-resistant bacteria include hospital, municipal and slaughterhouse wastewaters. In this study, bacteria with resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins were isolated from all three wastewater biotopes, including a maximum care hospital, municipal wastewaters collected separately from a city and small rural towns and the wastewaters of two pig and two poultry slaughterhouses. The resistance profiles of all isolates against clinically relevant antibiotics (including β-lactams like carbapenems, the quinolone ciprofloxacin, colistin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) were determined at the same laboratory. The bacteria were classified according to their risk to human health using clinical criteria, with an emphasis on producers of carbapenemases, since carbapenems are prescribed for hospitalized patients with infections with multi-drug resistant bacteria. The results showed that bacteria that pose the highest risk, i. e., bacteria resistant to all β-lactams including carbapenems and ciprofloxacin, were mainly disseminated by hospitals and were present only in low amounts in municipal wastewater. The isolates from hospital wastewater also showed the highest rates of resistance against antibiotics used for treatment of carbapenemase producers and some isolates were susceptible to only one antibiotic substance. In accordance with these results, qPCR of resistance genes showed that 90% of the daily load of carbapenemase genes entering the municipal wastewater treatment plant was supplied by the clinically influenced wastewater, which constituted approximately 6% of the wastewater at this sampling point. Likewise, the signature of the clinical wastewater was still visible in the resistance profiles of the bacteria isolated at the entry into the wastewater treatment plant. Carbapenemase producers were not detected in slaughterhouse wastewater, but strains harboring the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 could be isolated. Resistances against orally available antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were widespread in strains from all three wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sib
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Lenz-Plet
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Barabasch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Klanke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Savin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Norman Hembach
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology/Molecular Biology Department, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Schallenberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Kehl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cathrin Albert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mike Gajdiss
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Zacharias
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Müller
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Martin Exner
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Kreyenschmidt
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Fresh Produce Logistics, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Schreiber
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology/Molecular Biology Department, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Cui ZH, Jia L, Han L, Tang T, Zhong ZX, Fang LX, Ni WN, Wang MG, Wang XR, Liu YH, Liao XP, Sun J. A Four-Hour Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM B.S ) Using Bacillus stearothermophilus as Indicator Strain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:364. [PMID: 32850887 PMCID: PMC7411124 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There is an urgent need for accurate and fast diagnostic tests to identify carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Here we used Bacillus stearothermophilus as an indicator strain in the format of the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) procedure to develop a rapid carbapenemase phenotype detection method: CIMB.S. Methods: The CIMB.S test was derived from the mCIM, where B. stearothermophilus replaced Escherichia coli as the indicator strain. The test bacteria were incubated in the presence of imipenem for 30 min, and then, aliquots were placed on colorimetric plates, and incubation was continued for 3.5 h at 60°C. We examined 134 clinical strains to evaluate the CIMB.S performance. Results: The CIMB.S can be completed in 4 h, and we successfully identified 38/39 (97.4%) carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, including 17/18 (94.4%) carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18/19 (94.7%) carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii. All non-carbapenemase producers we tested were negative and included Enterobacteriaceae (n = 36), P. aeruginosa (n = 17), and A. baumannii (n = 5). Conclusions: The CIMB.S test is a rapid carbapenemase phenotype detection method requiring only 4 h of total work time and displays high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Cui
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Jia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Han
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xing Zhong
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Na Ni
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ge Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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