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Atila D, Dalgic AD, Krzemińska A, Pietrasik J, Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Bociaga D, Lipinska M, Laoutid F, Passion J, Kumaravel V. Injectable Liposome-Loaded Hydrogel Formulations with Controlled Release of Curcumin and α-Tocopherol for Dental Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400966. [PMID: 38847504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
An injectable hydrogel formulation is developed utilizing low- and high-molecular-weight chitosan (LCH and HCH) incorporated with curcumin and α-tocopherol-loaded liposomes (Lip/Cur+Toc). Cur and Toc releases are delayed within the hydrogels. The injectability of hydrogels is proved via rheological analyses. In vitro studies are conducted using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) to examine the biological performance of the hydrogels toward endodontics and periodontics, respectively. The viability of hDPSCs treated with the hydrogels with Lip/Cur+Toc is the highest till day 14, compared to the neat hydrogels. During odontogenic differentiation tests, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity of hDPSCs is induced in the Cur-containing groups. Biomineralization is enhanced mostly with Lip/Cur+Toc incorporation. The viability of hGFs is the highest in HCH combined with Lip/Cur+Toc while wound healing occurs almost 100% in both (Lip/Cur+Toc@LCH and Lip/Cur+Toc@HCH) after 2 days. Antioxidant activity of Lip/Cur+Toc@LCH on hGFs is significantly the highest among the groups. Antimicrobial tests demonstrate that Lip/Cur+Toc@LCH is more effective against Escherichia coli whereas so is Lip/Cur+Toc@HCH against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial mechanism of the hydrogels is investigated for the first time through various computational models. LCH and HCH loaded with Lip/Cur+Toc are promising candidates with multi-functional features for endodontics and periodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atila
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Bio-based Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Ali Deniz Dalgic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, 34060, Turkey
| | - Agnieszka Krzemińska
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Bio-based Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Dorota Bociaga
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lipinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit, Materia Nova Research Center, University of Mons Innovation Center, Mons, B-7000, Belgium
| | - Julie Passion
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit, Materia Nova Research Center, University of Mons Innovation Center, Mons, B-7000, Belgium
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Bio-based Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
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Scoffone VC, Barbieri G, Irudal S, Trespidi G, Buroni S. New Antimicrobial Strategies to Treat Multi-Drug Resistant Infections Caused by Gram-Negatives in Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:71. [PMID: 38247630 PMCID: PMC10812592 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from recurrent bacterial infections which induce inflammation, lung tissue damage and failure of the respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to combinatorial antibiotic therapies triggers the appearance of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The development of alternative antimicrobial strategies may provide a way to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Here we discuss different alternative approaches to the use of classic antibiotics: anti-virulence and anti-biofilm compounds which exert a low selective pressure; phage therapies that represent an alternative strategy with a high therapeutic potential; new methods helping antibiotics activity such as adjuvants; and antimicrobial peptides and nanoparticle formulations. Their mechanisms and in vitro and in vivo efficacy are described, in order to figure out a complete landscape of new alternative approaches to fight MDR Gram-negative CF pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.S.); (G.B.); (S.I.); (G.T.)
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3
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Divyadharsini V, Uma Maheswari TN, S R. Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lycopene, Vitamin E, and Lycopene-Vitamin E Combination Against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e42419. [PMID: 37637570 PMCID: PMC10448004 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lycopene is a naturally occurring compound classified as a carotenoid, a group of pigments responsible for the vibrant colors observed in many fruits and vegetables. It is most commonly associated with red-colored fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, and papaya. Vitamin E encompasses a group of chemical compounds that share a structural relationship with alpha-tocopherol and are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is a fat-soluble vitamin and is known for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract, vitamin E extract, and their combination against oral pathogens for their potential application in the treatment of oral diseases. Materials and methods The potential antimicrobial effects of extracts derived from lycopene, vitamin E, and their combination were evaluated against oral commensals like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Three concentrations (25 μl, 50 μl, and 100 μl) of the extract were tested. Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and Rose Bengal agar (RBA) bases were utilized to determine the zone of inhibition. And the experiments were repeated in triplicate for each group. Results The identification and assessment of the antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract, vitamin E extract, and their combination revealed the greatest efficacy at the highest concentration (100 μl) against all tested microbial strains. Notably, C. albicans exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to the other strains. Vitamin E had the least antimicrobial effect and combination had the highest antimicrobial effect. Conclusion The results of our study demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity of lycopene and vitamin E. These findings suggest that lycopene and vitamin E can be harnessed in the development of diverse drug formulations for the treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Divyadharsini
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND
| | - T N Uma Maheswari
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND
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Max BL, Angolile CM, Raymond VG, Mashauri HL. The dawn of repurposing vitamins as potential novel antimicrobial agents: A call for global emergency response amidst AMR crisis. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1276. [PMID: 37216052 PMCID: PMC10199457 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidst, the global pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the rate at which AMR increases overwhelms the increased efforts to discover new effective antimicrobials. There is a persistent need for alternative treatment modalities so as to keep up with the pace. AMR is the leading cause of death in the world and its health and economic consequences suggest the urgent need for sustainable interventions. Vitamins have consistently proven to have antimicrobial activity as well as slowing down the AMR rate by influencing the AMR genes even towards extensive multidrug resistant strains. Evidences suggest that the use of some vitamins on their own or in combination with existing antimicrobial agents could be a breakthrough towards combating AMR. This will widen the antimicrobial agents' options in the treatment arena, preserve the antimicrobial agents susceptible to develop resistant so that they can be used in severe infections only, reduce the tension and burden of the AMR crisis significantly and give enough room for development of new antimicrobial agents. Moreover, almost all viral, fungal, parasitic and bacterial resistant strains of concern as listed by World Health Organization have been found to be sensitive to several vitamins either synergistically with other antimicrobials or independently. Considering their widened spectrum of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effect, some vitamins can further be repositioned as prophylactic antimicrobial agents in clinical situations like in presurgeries prophylaxis so as to avoid unnecessary use of antimicrobials especially antibiotics. Various relevant AMR stakeholders should invest in clinical trials and systematic reviews with available data to enable quick repositioning of some potential vitamins as antimicrobial agents as an emergency rapid response towards AMR Crisis. This includes the preparation of guidelines containing specificity of which vitamin to be used for treatment of which type of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraka L. Max
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Cornel M. Angolile
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of PhysiologyKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Vicky G. Raymond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Harold L. Mashauri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of PhysiologyKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
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AlSaleh A, Shahid M, Farid E, Bindayna K. The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide on Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Cytotoxicity: An Ex Vivo Study. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:38. [PMID: 36668859 PMCID: PMC9865643 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Panton−Valentine Leukocidin sustains a strong cytotoxic activity, targeting immune cells and, consequently, perforating the plasma membrane and inducing cell death. The present study is aimed to examine the individual effect of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide on PVL cytotoxicity ex vivo, as well as their effect on granulocytes viability when treated with PVL. Materials and Methods: The PVL cytotoxicity assay was performed in triplicates using the commercial Cytotoxicity Detection Kit PLUS (LDH). LDH release was measured to determine cell damage and cell viability was measured via flow cytometry. Results and discussion: A clear reduction in PVL cytotoxicity was demonstrated (p < 0.001). Treatment with ascorbic acid at 5 mg/mL has shown a 3-fold reduction in PVL cytotoxicity; likewise, nicotinamide illustrated a 4-fold reduction in PVL cytotoxicity. Moreover, granulocytes’ viability after PVL treatment was maintained when incubated with 5 mg/mL of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide. Conclusions: our findings illustrated that ascorbic acid and nicotinamide exhibit an inhibitory effect on PVL cytotoxicity and promote cell viability, as the cytotoxic effect of the toxin is postulated to be neutralized by antioxidant incubation. Further investigations are needed to assess whether these antioxidants may be viable options in PVL cytotoxicity attenuation in PVL-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah AlSaleh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
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Braťka P, Fenclová T, Hlinková J, Uherková L, Šebová E, Hefka Blahnová V, Hedvičáková V, Žižková R, Litvinec A, Trč T, Rosina J, Filová E. The Preparation and Biological Testing of Novel Wound Dressings with an Encapsulated Antibacterial and Antioxidant Substance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3824. [PMID: 36364600 PMCID: PMC9656126 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a significant socio-economic problem, and the improvement of their healing is therefore an essential issue. This paper describes the preparation and biological properties of a novel functionalized nanofiber wound dressing consisting of a polycaprolactone nanofiber carrier modified by a drug delivery system, based on the lipid particles formed by 1-tetradecanol and encapsulated gentamicin and tocopherol acetate. The cytotoxicity of extracts was tested using a metabolic activity assay, and the antibacterial properties of the extracts were tested in vitro on the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effect of the wound dressing on chronic wound healing was subsequently tested using a mouse model. Fourteen days after surgery, the groups treated by the examined wound cover showed a lower granulation, reepithelization, and inflammation score compared to both the uninfected groups, a lower dermis organization compared to the control, a higher scar thickness compared to the other groups, and a higher thickness of hypodermis and bacteria score compared to both the uninfected groups. This work demonstrates the basic parameters of the safety (biocompatibility) and performance (effect on healing) of the dressing as a medical device and indicates the feasibility of the concept of its preparation in outpatient conditions using a suitable functionalization device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Braťka
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Náměstí Sítná 3105, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
- Grade Medical s.r.o., Náměstí Sítná 3105, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Taťána Fenclová
- Grade Medical s.r.o., Náměstí Sítná 3105, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hlinková
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Uherková
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Šebová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hefka Blahnová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Hedvičáková
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radmila Žižková
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Litvinec
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Trč
- Grade Medical s.r.o., Náměstí Sítná 3105, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Rosina
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Náměstí Sítná 3105, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Filová
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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GC-MS Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Senna singueana (Delile) Grown in Kenya. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5436476. [PMID: 36034966 PMCID: PMC9410794 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5436476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. During bacterial diseases, an elevation of host immune response occurs, which involves the production of free radicals in response to the bacterial infection. The overproduction of free radicals in excess of the antioxidants leads to oxidative stress. Conventional antibiotics are linked to side effects such as hypersensitivity reactions in addition to bacterial pathogens developing resistance against them. Artificial antioxidants are said to be carcinogenic. This study sought to confirm folklore use and validate the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Senna singueana which has been widely used in the Mbeere community. The in vitro antibacterial potentials of the plant extract were investigated on Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhi ATCC 1408, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Ciprofloxacin (100 µg/ml) drug was used as a standard reference, whereas 5% DMSO was used as a negative reference. The antibacterial tests included disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. S. singueana ethyl acetate extract showed broad-spectrum potential against tested bacterial microbes producing mean zones of inhibition (MZI) from 07.67 ± 0.33 to 17.67 ± 0.33 mm. The extract demonstrated a greater effect on Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Antibacterial properties of ciprofloxacin were significantly greater in comparison to plant extract in all the dilutions (
), while 5% DMSO was inactive against all the tested bacteria. MBC values were greater than MIC values. Antioxidant properties of the extract were determined through scavenging effects of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as well as ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. S. singueana demonstrated effects against all radicals formed. Additionally, the extract exhibited ferric reducing abilities. The extract also contained various phytocompounds with known antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study recommends the therapeutic use of S. singueana as an antibacterial as well as an antioxidant agent.
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Oluwole DO, Coleman L, Buchanan W, Chen T, La Ragione RM, Liu LX. Antibiotics-Free Compounds for Chronic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051021. [PMID: 35631606 PMCID: PMC9143489 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise in the health burden associated with chronic wounds is of great concern to policymakers, academia, and industry. This could be attributed to the devastating implications of this condition, and specifically, chronic wounds which have been linked to invasive microbial infections affecting patients' quality of life. Unfortunately, antibiotics are not always helpful due to their poor penetration of bacterial biofilms and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore antibiotics-free compounds/formulations with proven or potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing efficacy. The mechanism of antibiotics-free compounds is thought to include the disruption of the bacteria cell structure, preventing cell division, membrane porins, motility, and the formation of a biofilm. Furthermore, some of these compounds foster tissue regeneration by modulating growth factor expression. In this review article, the focus is placed on a number of non-antibiotic compounds possessing some of the aforementioned pharmacological and physiological activities. Specific interest is given to Aloevera, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, polyhexanide, retinoids, ascorbate, tocochromanols, and chitosan. These compounds (when alone or in formulation with other biologically active molecules) could be a dependable alternative in the management or prevention of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Oluwole
- Chemical and Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (L.C.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.O.O.); (L.X.L.)
| | - Lucy Coleman
- Chemical and Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (L.C.); (T.C.)
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Chemical and Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (L.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Roberto M. La Ragione
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Lian X. Liu
- Chemical and Process Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (L.C.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.O.O.); (L.X.L.)
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9
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Naguib M, Feldman N, Zarodkiewicz P, Shropshire H, Biamis C, El-Halfawy OM, McCain J, Dezanet C, Décout JL, Chen Y, Cosa G, Valvano MA. An evolutionary conserved detoxification system for membrane lipid-derived peroxyl radicals in Gram-negative bacteria. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001610. [PMID: 35580139 PMCID: PMC9113575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How double-membraned Gram-negative bacteria overcome lipid peroxidation is virtually unknown. Bactericidal antibiotics and superoxide ion stress stimulate the transcription of the Burkholderia cenocepacia bcnA gene that encodes a secreted lipocalin. bcnA gene orthologs are conserved in bacteria and generally linked to a conserved upstream gene encoding a cytochrome b561 membrane protein (herein named lcoA, lipocalin-associated cytochrome oxidase gene). Mutants in bcnA, lcoA, and in a gene encoding a conserved cytoplasmic aldehyde reductase (peroxidative stress-associated aldehyde reductase gene, psrA) display enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation. Compared to wild type, the levels of the peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) increase in the mutants upon exposure to sublethal concentrations of the bactericidal antibiotics polymyxin B and norfloxacin. Microscopy with lipid peroxidation-sensitive fluorescent probes shows that lipid peroxyl radicals accumulate at the bacterial cell poles and septum and peroxidation is associated with a redistribution of anionic phospholipids and reduced antimicrobial resistance in the mutants. We conclude that BcnA, LcoA, and PsrA are components of an evolutionary conserved, hitherto unrecognized peroxidation detoxification system that protects the bacterial cell envelope from lipid peroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Naguib
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nicolás Feldman
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Zarodkiewicz
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Shropshire
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Biamis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Omar M. El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Julia McCain
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Clément Dezanet
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Décout
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Yin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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10
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Lu J, Hu X, Ren L. Biofilm control strategies in food industry: Inhibition and utilization. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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New Auranofin Analogs with Antibacterial Properties against Burkholderia Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121443. [PMID: 34943654 PMCID: PMC8697972 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Burkholderia include pathogenic Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). These Gram-negative pathogens have intrinsic drug resistance, which makes treatment of infections difficult. Bcc affects individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the species B. cenocepacia is associated with one of the worst clinical outcomes. Following the repurposing of auranofin as an antibacterial against Gram-positive bacteria, we previously synthetized auranofin analogs with activity against Gram-negatives. In this work, we show that two auranofin analogs, MS-40S and MS-40, have antibiotic activity against Burkholderia clinical isolates. The compounds are bactericidal against B. cenocepacia and kill stationary-phase cells and persisters without selecting for multistep resistance. Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella tolerated high concentrations of MS-40S and MS-40, demonstrating that these compounds have low toxicity in these model organisms. In summary, we show that MS-40 and MS-40S have antimicrobial properties that warrant further investigations to determine their therapeutic potential against Burkholderia infections.
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12
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New Auranofin Analogs with Antibacterial Properties against Burkholderia Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 34943654 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121443/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Burkholderia include pathogenic Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). These Gram-negative pathogens have intrinsic drug resistance, which makes treatment of infections difficult. Bcc affects individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the species B. cenocepacia is associated with one of the worst clinical outcomes. Following the repurposing of auranofin as an antibacterial against Gram-positive bacteria, we previously synthetized auranofin analogs with activity against Gram-negatives. In this work, we show that two auranofin analogs, MS-40S and MS-40, have antibiotic activity against Burkholderia clinical isolates. The compounds are bactericidal against B. cenocepacia and kill stationary-phase cells and persisters without selecting for multistep resistance. Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella tolerated high concentrations of MS-40S and MS-40, demonstrating that these compounds have low toxicity in these model organisms. In summary, we show that MS-40 and MS-40S have antimicrobial properties that warrant further investigations to determine their therapeutic potential against Burkholderia infections.
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13
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Van Vo G, Guest PC, Nguyen NH. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Bouea macrophylla Ethanol Extract. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2343:215-228. [PMID: 34473325 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The Bouea macrophylla (B. macrophylla) tree is widely grown throughout South East Asia and has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. This chapter presents a protocol for preparation of ethanol extracts of B. macrophylla leaves and evaluation of the potential antimicrobial and anticancer activities in vitro. The extract displayed antibacterial activity against nine out of the ten target microorganisms tested. In addition, the extract was capable of inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa and HCT116 cells, thus demonstrating some anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ngoc Hong Nguyen
- CirTech Institute, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Gamna F, Spriano S. Vitamin E: A Review of Its Application and Methods of Detection When Combined with Implant Biomaterials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133691. [PMID: 34279260 PMCID: PMC8269872 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a common compound used for tocopherols and tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ); it is the component of many natural products of both plant and animal origin. Thanks to its powerful antioxidant capacity, vitamin E has been very successful in hip and knee arthroplasty, used to confer resistance to oxidation to irradiated UHMWPE. The positive results of these studies have made vitamin E an important object of research in the biomedical field, highlighting other important properties, such as anti-bacterial, -inflammatory, and -cancer activities. In fact, there is an extensive literature dealing with vitamin E in different kinds of material processing, drug delivery, and development of surface coatings. Vitamin E is widely discussed in the literature, and it is possible to find many reviews that discuss the biological role of vitamin E and its applications in food packaging and cosmetics. However, to date, there is not a review that discusses the biomedical applications of vitamin E and that points to the methods used to detect it within a solid. This review specifically aims to compile research about new biomedical applications of vitamin E carried out in the last 20 years, with the intention of providing an overview of the methodologies used to combine it with implantable biomaterials, as well as to detect and characterize it within these materials.
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15
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Bezerra HVA, Buarque VLM, Silva LSB, Leme PRP, Vidal AMC, Vaz ACN, Gallo SB, Silva SL, Leme PR. Effect of Castor and Cashew Nut Shell Oils, Selenium and Vitamin E as Antioxidants on the Health and Meat Stability of Lambs Fed a High-Concentrate Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1298. [PMID: 33353112 PMCID: PMC7766434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional oils are known for their compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and are used in ruminant nutrition as alternatives to chemicals in order to improve performance. This study aimed to compare the influence of castor and cashew nut shell oils with pure organic selenium (hydroxy-selenomethionine) plus vitamin E, which are known and well-stablished antioxidants, on the performance traits, shelf life and microbial quality of the meat, physiological functions and oxidative stress control of lambs. Thirty-two Dorper x Santa Ines lambs (initial bodyweight of 22.42 ± 3.9 kg and 60 days of age) were submitted to a diet consisting of Cynodon dactylon hay (6%) and concentrate (94%). The animals were divided into four treatments: control, without additives; functional oils (FO), 0.50 g/kg DM of castor and cashew nut shell oils; hydroxy-selenomethionine and vitamin E (SeE), 0.50 mg/kg of organic selenium and 100 IU/kg DM of vitamin E; FO plus SeE, at the same doses as the other groups. Blood samples were collected after 1, 30 and 53 days on feed. After 54 days, the lambs were slaughtered and rumen health, carcass and meat traits, shelf life, and microbiological quality were evaluated. There were no differences in performance or carcass traits. A higher muscle and serum Se concentration (p < 0.0001), lower lipid peroxidation in meat during display (p < 0.0001), and a lower count of psychrotrophic microorganisms on day 5 were observed in the SeE and FO plus SeE groups. The treatments reduced the counts of Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus spp. FO animals showed higher GSH-Px activity on day 30, while the peroxidase activity was higher in FO plus SeE animals (p = 0.035). SeE and FO plus SeE animals had lower serum ALT and AST levels. Functional oils improved the microbiological quality of meat. Hydroxy-selenomethionine and vitamin E prevented oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and microbial spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Viel Alves Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Vicente Luiz Macedo Buarque
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Lucas Santos Bermudes Silva
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Pedroso Leme
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Ana Maria Centola Vidal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (A.M.C.V.); (A.C.N.V.)
| | - Andréia Cristina Nakashima Vaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (A.M.C.V.); (A.C.N.V.)
| | - Sarita Bonagurio Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Saulo Luz Silva
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte av., Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, Brazil; (V.L.M.B.); (L.S.B.S.); (P.R.P.L.); (S.B.G.); (S.L.S.)
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Viault G, Kempf M, Ville A, Alsabil K, Perrot R, Richomme P, Hélesbeux JJ, Séraphin D. Semisynthetic Vitamin E Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agents against Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:881-890. [PMID: 33219748 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New 5-substituted vitamin E derivatives were semisynthesized, and their antibacterial activity against human Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was evaluated. Several vitamin E analogues were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE); structure-activity relationships (SARs) are discussed. As a result, it is shown that the presence of a carboxylic acid function at the C-5 position and/or at the end of the side chain is crucial for the antibacterial activity. The bactericidal or bacteriostatic action of three compounds against MRSA and MRSE was confirmed in a time-kill kinetics study, and the cytotoxicity on human cells was evaluated. The preliminary mechanism study by confocal microscopy indicated that those vitamin E analogues led to bacterial cell death through membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Viault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- Département de Biologie des Agents Infectieux, CHU Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 01, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Alexia Ville
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Khaled Alsabil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques (SCIAM), Université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hélesbeux
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Denis Séraphin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
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Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120866. [PMID: 33291554 PMCID: PMC7761815 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms hinder wound healing. Medical-grade honey (MGH) is a promising therapy because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the lack of risk for resistance. This study investigated the inhibitory and eradicative activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by different established MGH-based wound care formulations. Six different natural wound care products (Medihoney, Revamil, Mebo, Melladerm, L-Mesitran Ointment, and L-Mesitran Soft) were tested in vitro. Most of them contain MGH only, whereas some were supplemented. L-Mesitran Soft demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity (6.08-log inhibition and 3.18-log eradication). Other formulations ranged between 0.89-log and 4.80-log inhibition and 0.65-log and 1.66-log eradication. Therefore, the contribution of different ingredients of L-Mesitran Soft was investigated in more detail. The activity of the same batch of raw MGH (1.38-log inhibition and 2.35-log eradication), vitamins C and E (0.95-log inhibition and 0.94-log eradication), and all ingredients except MGH (1.69-log inhibition and 0.75-log eradication) clearly support a synergistic activity of components within the L-Mesitran Soft formulation. Several presented clinical cases illustrate its clinical antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. In conclusion, MGH is a potent treatment for Pseudomonas biofilms. L-Mesitran Soft has the strongest antimicrobial activity, which is likely due to the synergistic activity mediated by its supplements.
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Ahmed S, Sony SA, Chowdhury MB, Ullah MM, Paul S, Hossain T. Retention of antibiotic activity against resistant bacteria harbouring aminoglycoside-N-acetyltransferase enzyme by adjuvants: a combination of in-silico and in-vitro study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19381. [PMID: 33168871 PMCID: PMC7653040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interference with antibiotic activity and its inactivation by bacterial modifying enzymes is a prevailing mode of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Aminoglycoside antibiotics become inactivated by aminoglycoside-6′-N-acetyltransferase-Ib [AAC(6′)-Ib] of gram-negative bacteria which transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the antibiotic. The aim of the study was to disrupt the enzymatic activity of AAC(6′)-Ib by adjuvants and restore aminoglycoside activity as a result. The binding affinities of several vitamins and chemical compounds with AAC(6′)-Ib of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella sonnei were determined by molecular docking method to screen potential adjuvants. Adjuvants having higher binding affinity with target enzymes were further analyzed in-vitro to assess their impact on bacterial growth and bacterial modifying enzyme AAC(6′)-Ib activity. Four compounds—zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K-exhibited higher binding affinity to AAC(6′)-Ib than the enzyme’s natural substrate acetyl-CoA. Combination of each of these adjuvants with three aminoglycoside antibiotics—amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin—were found to significantly increase the antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial species as well as hampering the activity of AAC(6′)-Ib. The selection process of adjuvants and the use of those in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics promises to be a novel area in overcoming bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabrina Amita Sony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahib Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shatabdi Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
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HARTMANN MINNJAS, MOUSAVI SORAYA, BERESWILL STEFAN, HEIMESAAT MARKUSM. Vitamin E as promising adjunct treatment option in the combat of infectious diseases caused by bacterial including multi-drug resistant pathogens - Results from a comprehensive literature survey. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:193-201. [PMID: 33151163 PMCID: PMC7753978 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics has provoked an emergence of various multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Infectious diseases that cannot be treated sufficiently with conventional antibiotic intervention strategies anymore constitue serious threats to human health. Therefore, current research focus has shifted to alternative, antibiotic-independent therapeutic approaches. In this context, vitamin E constitutes a promising candidate molecule due to its multi-faceted modes of action. Therefore, we used the PubMed database to perform a comprehensive literature survey reviewing studies addressing the antimicrobial properties of vitamin E against bacterial pathogens including MDR bacteria. The included studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that given its potent synergistic antimicrobial effects in combination with distinct antibiotic compounds, vitamin E constitutes a promising adjunct antibiotic treatment option directed against infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the therapeutic value of vitamin E for the treatment of bacterial infections should therefore be investigated in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MARKUS M. HEIMESAAT
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of an Ethanol Extract from Bouea macrophylla. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081996. [PMID: 32344601 PMCID: PMC7221966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bouea macrophylla is a tree widely grown throughout South East Asia. It is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to test the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of an ethanol extract from B. macrophylla leaves. The extract exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against 9 out of 10 target microorganisms. including four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholera, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and four Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus), as well as a fungus (Candida albicans). In addition, the extract was also tested on HeLa and human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells to evaluate its cytostatic effects. The ethanol extract was able to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa and HCT116 cells, showing IC50 = 24 ± 0.8 and 28 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50 values of doxorubicin (standard) were 13.6 ± 1.3 and 15.8 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively. Also, we identified various bioactive compounds in the extract such as polyphenols, flavonoids, caryophyllene, phytol, and trans-geranylgeraniol by GC-MS, which could contribute to the extract's biological activities. Therefore, our findings strongly indicate that the constituents of the B. macrophylla ethanol extract could be active against the tested bacteria and fungi as well as cancer cells. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms mediating the antimicrobial and anticancer effects and identify signaling pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic application.
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Vergalito F, Pietrangelo L, Petronio Petronio G, Colitto F, Alfio Cutuli M, Magnifico I, Venditti N, Guerra G, Di Marco R. Vitamin E for Prevention of Biofilm-caused Healthcare-associated Infections. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 15:14-21. [PMID: 31922015 PMCID: PMC6944457 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) occur in patients both in nosocomial environments and in community. More often HCAIs are associated to the use of medical devices and bacterial biofilm development on these equipments. Due to the clinical and economic relevance of this topic, new strategies for the treatment of infections caused by biofilm proliferation are unceasingly searched by scientists. The present study investigated the role of vitamin E to reduce the biofilm formation for a larger panel of human pathogens, including strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. This potential activity was tested by placing a preparation of vitamin E (α-Tocopheryl acetate) as interface between the bacterial culture and the polystyrene walls of a 96 well plate at different concentrations of glucose, used as a biofilm enhancer. The Staphylococcus genus was further investigated by spreading the vitamin E on a silicone catheter lumen and evaluating its influence on the bacterial colonization. From our results, vitamin E has been able to interfere with bacterial biofilm and prevent in vitro biofilm formation. Furthermore, the ability of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to colonize the catheter surface decreased as a result of vitamin E application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Vergalito
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Federica Colitto
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Alfio Cutuli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Irene Magnifico
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Noemi Venditti
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Cutuli MA, Petronio Petronio G, Vergalito F, Magnifico I, Pietrangelo L, Venditti N, Di Marco R. Galleria mellonella as a consolidated in vivo model hosts: New developments in antibacterial strategies and novel drug testing. Virulence 2019; 10:527-541. [PMID: 31142220 PMCID: PMC6550544 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1621649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A greater ethical conscience, new global rules and a modified perception of ethical consciousness entail a more rigorous control on utilizations of vertebrates for in vivo studies. To cope with this new scenario, numerous alternatives to rodents have been proposed. Among these, the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella had a preponderant role, especially in the microbiological field, as demonstrated by the growing number of recent scientific publications. The reasons for its success must be sought in its peculiar characteristics such as the innate immune response mechanisms and the ability to grow at a temperature of 37°C. This review aims to describe the most relevant features of G. mellonella in microbiology, highlighting the most recent and relevant research on antibacterial strategies, novel drug tests and toxicological studies. Although solutions for some limitations are required, G. mellonella has all the necessary host features to be a consolidated in vivo model host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alfio Cutuli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Franca Vergalito
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Irene Magnifico
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Noemi Venditti
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise Italy - III Ed Polifunzionale, Campobasso, Italy
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Identification of Primary Antimicrobial Resistance Drivers in Agricultural Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Serovars by Using Machine Learning. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00211-19. [PMID: 31387929 PMCID: PMC6687941 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00211-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a leading global cause of bacterial foodborne morbidity and mortality. Our ability to treat severe NTS infections has been impaired by increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To understand and mitigate the global health crisis AMR represents, we need to link the observed resistance phenotypes with their underlying genomic mechanisms. Broiler chickens represent a key reservoir and vector for NTS infections, but isolates from this setting have been characterized in only very low numbers relative to clinical isolates. In this study, we sequenced and assembled 97 genomes encompassing 7 serotypes isolated from broiler chicken in farms in British Columbia between 2005 and 2008. Through application of machine learning (ML) models to predict the observed AMR phenotype from this genomic data, we were able to generate highly (0.92 to 0.99) precise logistic regression models using known AMR gene annotations as features for 7 antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, and tetracycline). Similarly, we also trained "reference-free" k-mer-based set-covering machine phenotypic prediction models (0.91 to 1.0 precision) for these antibiotics. By combining the inferred k-mers and logistic regression weights, we identified the primary drivers of AMR for the 7 studied antibiotics in these isolates. With our research representing one of the largest studies of a diverse set of NTS isolates from broiler chicken, we can thus confirm that the AmpC-like CMY-2 β-lactamase is a primary driver of β-lactam resistance and that the phosphotransferases APH(6)-Id and APH(3″-Ib) are the principal drivers of streptomycin resistance in this important ecosystem.IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents an existential threat to the function of modern medicine. Genomics and machine learning methods are being increasingly used to analyze and predict AMR. This type of surveillance is very important to try to reduce the impact of AMR. Machine learning models are typically trained using genomic data, but the aspects of the genomes that they use to make predictions are rarely analyzed. In this work, we showed how, by using different types of machine learning models and performing this analysis, it is possible to identify the key genes underlying AMR in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). NTS is among the leading cause of foodborne illness globally; however, AMR in NTS has not been heavily studied within the food chain itself. Therefore, in this work we performed a broad-scale analysis of the AMR in NTS isolates from commercial chicken farms and identified some priority AMR genes for surveillance.
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