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Satala D, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Bras G, Rapala-Kozik M, Kozik A. Candida parapsilosis cell wall proteins-CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780-Are adhesins that bind to human epithelial and endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Yeast 2023; 40:377-389. [PMID: 36851809 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the initial steps necessary for the development of Candida infections is the adherence to the host tissues and cells. Recent transcriptomic studies suggest that, in Candida parapsilosis-a fungal infectious agent that causes systemic candidiasis in immunosuppressed individuals-the adhesion is mediated by pathogen cell-exposed proteins belonging to the agglutinin-like sequence (Als) family. However, to date, the actual interactions of individual members of this family with human cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) have not been characterized in detail. In the current study, we focused attention on two of these C. parapsilosis Als proteins-CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780-that were proteomically identified in the fungal cell wall of yeasts grown in the media suitable for culturing human epithelial and endothelial cells. Both proteins were extracted from the cell wall and purified, and using a microplate binding assay and a fluorescence microscopic analysis were shown to adhere to human cells of A431 (epithelial) and HMEC-1 (endothelial) lines. The human extracellular matrix components that are also plasma proteins-fibronectin and vitronectin-enhanced these interactions, and also could directly bind to CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780 proteins, with a high affinity (KD in a range of 10-7 to 10-8 M) as determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Our findings highlight the role of proteins CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780 in adhesion to host cells and proteins, contributing to the knowledge of the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions during C. parapsilosis-caused infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Satala
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Bras
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Sadanandan B, Vijayalakshmi V, Ashrit P, Babu UV, Sharath Kumar LM, Sampath V, Shetty K, Joglekar AP, Awaknavar R. Aqueous spice extracts as alternative antimycotics to control highly drug resistant extensive biofilm forming clinical isolates of Candida albicans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281035. [PMID: 37315001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans form biofilm by associating with biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation by C. albicans is relevant and significant as the organisms residing within, gain resistance to conventional antimycotics and are therefore difficult to treat. This study targeted the potential of spice-based antimycotics to control C. albicans biofilms. Ten clinical isolates of C. albicans along with a standard culture MTCC-3017 (ATCC-90028) were screened for their biofilm-forming ability. C. albicans M-207 and C. albicans S-470 were identified as high biofilm formers by point inoculation on Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) medium as they formed a lawn within 16 h and exhibited resistance to fluconazole and caspofungin at 25 mcg and 8 mcg respectively. Aqueous and organic spice extracts were screened for their antimycotic activity against C. albicans M-207 and S-470 by agar and disc diffusion and a Zone of Inhibition was observed. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was determined based on growth absorbance and cell viability measurements. The whole aqueous extract of garlic inhibited biofilms of C. albicans M-207, whereas whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were effective in controlling C. albicans S-470 biofilm within 12 h of incubation. The presence of allicin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid as dominant compounds in the aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry respectively was determined by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The morphology of C. albicans biofilm at different growth periods was also determined through bright field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The results of this study indicated that the alternate approach in controlling high biofilm-forming, multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans M-207 and S-470 using whole aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry is a safe, potential, and cost-effective one that can benefit the health care needs with additional effective therapeutics to treat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vasulingam Sampath
- Department of Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Rashmi Awaknavar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Moreno-Martínez AE, Gómez-Molero E, Sánchez-Virosta P, Dekker HL, de Boer A, Eraso E, Bader O, de Groot PWJ. High Biofilm Formation of Non-Smooth Candida parapsilosis Correlates with Increased Incorporation of GPI-Modified Wall Adhesins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040493. [PMID: 33921809 PMCID: PMC8073168 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is among the most frequent causes of candidiasis. Clinical isolates of this species show large variations in colony morphotype, ranging from round and smooth to a variety of non-smooth irregular colony shapes. A non-smooth appearance is related to increased formation of pseudohyphae, higher capacity to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and invading agar. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the cell wall proteome of C. parapsilosis reference strain CDC317 and seven clinical isolates under planktonic and sessile conditions. This analysis resulted in the identification of 40 wall proteins, most of them homologs of known Candida albicans cell wall proteins, such as Gas, Crh, Bgl2, Cht2, Ecm33, Sap, Sod, Plb, Pir, Pga30, Pga59, and adhesin family members. Comparative analysis of exponentially growing and stationary phase planktonic cultures of CDC317 at 30 °C and 37 °C revealed only minor variations. However, comparison of smooth isolates to non-smooth isolates with high biofilm formation capacity showed an increase in abundance and diversity of putative wall adhesins from Als, Iff/Hyr, and Hwp families in the latter. This difference depended more strongly on strain phenotype than on the growth conditions, as it was observed in planktonic as well as biofilm cells. Thus, in the set of isolates analyzed, the high biofilm formation capacity of non-smooth C. parapsilosis isolates with elongated cellular phenotypes correlates with the increased surface expression of putative wall adhesins in accordance with their proposed cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Albacete Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla—La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.E.M.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (P.S.-V.); (A.d.B.)
| | - Emilia Gómez-Molero
- Albacete Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla—La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.E.M.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (P.S.-V.); (A.d.B.)
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Albacete Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla—La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.E.M.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (P.S.-V.); (A.d.B.)
| | - Henk L. Dekker
- Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Albert de Boer
- Albacete Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla—La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.E.M.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (P.S.-V.); (A.d.B.)
| | - Elena Eraso
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (P.W.J.d.G.)
| | - Piet W. J. de Groot
- Albacete Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla—La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.E.M.-M.); (E.G.-M.); (P.S.-V.); (A.d.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (P.W.J.d.G.)
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