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Niu Z, Wei G, Mao L, Han L. The Causal Relationship Between Skin Microbiota and Facial Aging: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04217-5. [PMID: 38977452 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial aging is a complex process influenced by environmental factors, genetics, and lifestyle. The contribution of the skin microbiota to this process remains poorly understood. METHODS This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed using genome-wide genotype data from the UK Biobank and previously published studies on skin microbiota. The primary approach for MR analyses included inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, simple mode, weighted median, and weighted mode methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, and reverse-direction MR analyses were performed to evaluate potential reverse causation. RESULTS The MR analysis identified ten skin microbiotas with potential causal relationships with facial aging. Protective skin microbiotas included Genus Finegoldia, ASV011 [Staphylococcus (unc.)], ASV008 [Staphylococcus (unc.)], phylum Firmicutes, Family Rhodobacteraceae, and ASV021 [Micrococcus (unc.)], which were negatively associated with facial aging. Conversely, Order Pseudomonadales, Family Moraxellaceae, ASV039 [Acinetobacter (unc.)], and phylum Bacteroidetes were positively associated with facial aging, indicating a risk factor for accelerated aging. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and reverse-direction MR analyses did not suggest any reverse causation. CONCLUSION This study identified specific skin microbial that may influence facial aging and offered new insights into the rejuvenation strategies. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Niu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 83 Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxing Wei
- Department of Emergency, The 83 Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Libin Mao
- Department of Outpatient, The 83 Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liu Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- Department of General Practice, 66284 Military Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Murphy B, Hoptroff M, Arnold D, Cawley A, Smith E, Adams SE, Mitchell A, Horsburgh MJ, Hunt J, Dasgupta B, Ghatlia N, Samaras S, MacGuire-Flanagan A, Sharma K. Compositional Variations between Adult and Infant Skin Microbiome: An Update. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1484. [PMID: 37374986 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin and its commensal microbiome form the first layer of protection to the outside world. A dynamic microbial ecosystem of bacteria, fungi and viruses, with the potential to respond to external insult, the skin microbiome has been shown to evolve over the life course with an alteration in taxonomic composition responding to altered microenvironmental conditions on human skin. This work sought to investigate the taxonomic, diversity and functional differences between infant and adult leg skin microbiomes. A 16S rRNA gene-based metataxonomic analysis revealed significant differences between the infant and adult skin groups, highlighting differential microbiome profiles at both the genus and species level. Diversity analysis reveals differences in the overall community structure and associated differential predicted functional profiles between the infant and adult skin microbiome suggest differing metabolic processes are present between the groups. These data add to the available information on the dynamic nature of skin microbiome during the life course and highlight the predicted differential microbial metabolic process that exists on infant and adult skin, which may have an impact on the future design and use of cosmetic products that are produced to work in consort with the skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Murphy
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Michael Hoptroff
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | - David Arnold
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Andrew Cawley
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Emily Smith
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Suzanne E Adams
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Alex Mitchell
- Eagle Genomics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1DR, UK
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection Biology, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Joanne Hunt
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kirti Sharma
- Unilever, North Rocks Road, North Rocks, NSW 2151, Australia
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3
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Shen K, Din AU, Sinha B, Zhou Y, Qian F, Shen B. Translational informatics for human microbiota: data resources, models and applications. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:7152256. [PMID: 37141135 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of human intestinal microbiology and diverse microbiome-related studies and investigations, a large amount of data have been generated and accumulated. Meanwhile, different computational and bioinformatics models have been developed for pattern recognition and knowledge discovery using these data. Given the heterogeneity of these resources and models, we aimed to provide a landscape of the data resources, a comparison of the computational models and a summary of the translational informatics applied to microbiota data. We first review the existing databases, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs and standardizations of microbiome data. Then, the high-throughput sequencing techniques for the microbiome and the informatics tools for their analyses are compared. Finally, translational informatics for the microbiome, including biomarker discovery, personalized treatment and smart healthcare for complex diseases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Baivab Sinha
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Fuliang Qian
- Center for Systems Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
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4
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Zhang F, Jiao H, Wang Y, Yang C, Li L, Wang Z, Tong R, Zhou J, Shen J, Li L. InferLoop: leveraging single-cell chromatin accessibility for the signal of chromatin loop. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:7150740. [PMID: 37139553 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering cell-type-specific 3D structures of chromatin is challenging. Here, we present InferLoop, a novel method for inferring the strength of chromatin interaction using single-cell chromatin accessibility data. The workflow of InferLoop is, first, to conduct signal enhancement by grouping nearby cells into bins, and then, for each bin, leverage accessibility signals for loop signals using a newly constructed metric that is similar to the perturbation of the Pearson correlation coefficient. In this study, we have described three application scenarios of InferLoop, including the inference of cell-type-specific loop signals, the prediction of gene expression levels and the interpretation of intergenic loci. The effectiveness and superiority of InferLoop over other methods in those three scenarios are rigorously validated by using the single-cell 3D genome structure data of human brain cortex and human blood, the single-cell multi-omics data of human blood and mouse brain cortex, and the intergenic loci in the GWAS Catalog database as well as the GTEx database, respectively. In addition, InferLoop can be applied to predict loop signals of individual spots using the spatial chromatin accessibility data of mouse embryo. InferLoop is available at https://github.com/jumphone/inferloop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huiyuan Jiao
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Linying Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ran Tong
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Gupta N, Yadav VK, Gacem A, Al-Dossari M, Yadav KK, Abd El-Gawaad NS, Ben Khedher N, Choudhary N, Kumar P, Cavalu S. Deleterious Effect of Air Pollution on Human Microbial Community and Bacterial Flora: A Short Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315494. [PMID: 36497569 PMCID: PMC9738139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A balanced microbiota composition is requisite for normal physiological functions of the human body. However, several environmental factors such as air pollutants may perturb the human microbiota composition. It is noticeable that currently around 99% of the world's population is breathing polluted air. Air pollution's debilitating health impacts have been studied scrupulously, including in the human gut microbiota. Nevertheless, air pollution's impact on other microbiotas of the human body is less understood so far. In the present review, the authors have summarized and discussed recent studies' outcomes related to air pollution-driven microbiotas' dysbiosis (including oral, nasal, respiratory, gut, skin, and thyroid microbiotas) and its potential multi-organ health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gupta
- Department of Medical Research & Development, River Engineering, Toy City, Ecotech-III, Greater Noida 201305, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science & Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar 332311, India
- Correspondence: (V.K.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - M. Al-Dossari
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad 462044, India
| | - N. S. Abd El-Gawaad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Khedher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Thermal and Energy Systems Studies, National School of Engineering of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Nisha Choudhary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences, P P Savani University, Surat 394125, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.K.Y.); (S.C.)
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6
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Jiang MZ, Zhu HZ, Zhou N, Liu C, Jiang CY, Wang Y, Liu SJ. Droplet microfluidics-based high-throughput bacterial cultivation for validation of taxon pairs in microbial co-occurrence networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18145. [PMID: 36307549 PMCID: PMC9616874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-occurrence networks inferred from the abundance data of microbial communities are widely applied to predict microbial interactions. However, the high workloads of bacterial isolation and the complexity of the networks themselves constrained experimental demonstrations of the predicted microbial associations and interactions. Here, we integrate droplet microfluidics and bar-coding logistics for high-throughput bacterial isolation and cultivation from environmental samples, and experimentally investigate the relationships between taxon pairs inferred from microbial co-occurrence networks. We collected Potamogeton perfoliatus plants (including roots) and associated sediments from Beijing Olympic Park wetland. Droplets of series diluted homogenates of wetland samples were inoculated into 126 96-well plates containing R2A and TSB media. After 10 days of cultivation, 65 plates with > 30% wells showed microbial growth were selected for the inference of microbial co-occurrence networks. We cultivated 129 bacterial isolates belonging to 15 species that could represent the zero-level OTUs (Zotus) in the inferred co-occurrence networks. The co-cultivations of bacterial isolates corresponding to the prevalent Zotus pairs in networks were performed on agar plates and in broth. Results suggested that positively associated Zotu pairs in the co-occurrence network implied complicated relations including neutralism, competition, and mutualism, depending on bacterial isolate combination and cultivation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhi Jiang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhen Zhu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ying Jiang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000 People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, and Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
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7
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Murphy B, Grimshaw S, Hoptroff M, Paterson S, Arnold D, Cawley A, Adams SE, Falciani F, Dadd T, Eccles R, Mitchell A, Lathrop WF, Marrero D, Yarova G, Villa A, Bajor JS, Feng L, Mihalov D, Mayes AE. Alteration of barrier properties, stratum corneum ceramides and microbiome composition in response to lotion application on cosmetic dry skin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5223. [PMID: 35340018 PMCID: PMC8957616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xerosis, commonly referred to as dry skin, is a common dermatological condition affecting almost a third of the population. Successful treatment of the condition traditionally involves the application of cosmetic products facilitating the moisturisation of the skin with a range of ingredients including glycerol and fatty acids. While the effectiveness of these treatments is not in question, limited information exists on the impact on the skin microbiome following use of these products and the improvement in skin hydration. Here, we describe improvements in skin barrier properties together with increased levels of cholesterol, ceramides and long-chain fatty acids following application of Body Lotion. Concomitant alterations in the skin microbiome are also seen via 16S rRNA metataxonomics, in combination with both traditional and novel informatics analysis. Following 5 weeks of lotion use, beneficial skin bacteria are increased, with improvements in microbiome functional potential, and increases in pathways associated with biosynthesis of multiple long chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Murphy
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK.
| | - Sally Grimshaw
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK
| | - Michael Hoptroff
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK
| | - Sarah Paterson
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK
| | - David Arnold
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK
| | - Andrew Cawley
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK
| | - Suzanne E Adams
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, England, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, England, UK
| | - Tony Dadd
- Unilever Research & Development, Colworth, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, England, UK
| | - Richard Eccles
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, England, UK
| | - Alex Mitchell
- Eagle Genomics, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1DR, UK
| | - William F Lathrop
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - Diana Marrero
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - Galina Yarova
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - Ana Villa
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - John S Bajor
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - Lin Feng
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - Dawn Mihalov
- Unilever Research & Development, 55 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT, 06611, USA
| | - Andrew E Mayes
- Unilever Research & Development, Colworth, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, England, UK
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Mousa WK, Chehadeh F, Husband S. Recent Advances in Understanding the Structure and Function of the Human Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825338. [PMID: 35185849 PMCID: PMC8851206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes live within our bodies in a deep symbiotic relationship. Microbial populations vary across body sites, driven by differences in the environment, immunological factors, and interactions between microbial species. Major advances in genome sequencing enable a better understanding of microbiome composition. However, most of the microbial taxa and species of the human microbiome are still unknown. Without revealing the identity of these microbes as a first step, we cannot appreciate their role in human health and diseases. A shift in the microbial balance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a broad range of diseases from simple colitis and indigestion to cancer and dementia. The last decade has witnessed an explosion in microbiome research that led to a better understanding of the microbiome structure and function. This understanding leads to potential opportunities to develop next-generation microbiome-based drugs and diagnostic biomarkers. However, our understanding is limited given the highly personalized nature of the microbiome and its complex and multidirectional interactions with the host. In this review, we discuss: (1) our current knowledge of microbiome structure and factors that shape the microbial composition, (2) recent associations between microbiome dysbiosis and diseases, and (3) opportunities of new microbiome-based therapeutics. We analyze common themes, promises, gaps, and challenges of the microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fadia Chehadeh
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
| | - Shannon Husband
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States
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