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Wang Y, Zhang J, Li M, Jia M, Yang L, Wang T, Wang Y, Kang L, Li M, Kong L. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis of mpox virus F3L-expressing cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1354410. [PMID: 38415010 PMCID: PMC10896956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1354410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monkeypox or mpox virus (mpox) is a double-stranded DNA virus that poses a significant threat to global public health security. The F3 protein, encoded by mpox, is an apoenzyme believed to possess a double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). However, limited research has been conducted on its function. In this study, we present data on the transcriptomics and proteomics of F3L-transfected HEK293T cells, aiming to enhance our comprehension of F3L. Methods The gene expression profiles of pCAGGS-HA-F3L transfected HEK293T cells were analyzed using RNA-seq. Proteomics was used to identify and study proteins that interact with F3L. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA levels of several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HEK293T cells (or Vero cells) after the expression of F3 protein. Results A total of 14,822 genes were obtained in cells by RNA-Seq and 1,672 DEGs were identified, including 1,156 up-regulated genes and 516 down-regulated genes. A total of 27 cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 19 cellular proteins with large differences in abundance ratios were considered to be candidate cellular proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, including type I interferon signaling pathway, response to virus, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Moreover, some selected DEGs were further confirmed by real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. Proteomics data show that cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins are mainly related to RNA splicing and protein translation. Conclusions Our analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that (1) F3L up-regulates the transcript levels of key genes in the innate immune signaling pathway, such as RIGI, MDA5, IRF5, IRF7, IRF9, ISG15, IFNA14, and elicits a broad spectrum of antiviral immune responses in the host. F3L also increases the expression of the FOS and JNK genes while decreasing the expression of TNFR2, these factors may ultimately induce apoptosis. (2) F3 protein interacts with host proteins involved in RNA splicing and protein translation, such as SNRNP70, POLR2H, HNRNPA1, DDX17, etc. The findings of this study shed light on the function of the F3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengle Jia
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingdi Yang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lumei Kang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Sarkar L, Liu G, Gack MU. ISG15: its roles in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1262-1275. [PMID: 37573184 PMCID: PMC10840963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like pleiotropic protein and one of the most abundant ISGs, has been studied extensively; however, its roles in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections have just begun to be elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that ISG15 - either in its conjugated or unconjugated 'free' form - acts both intracellularly and extracellularly, and exerts anti- or pro-viral effects. To counteract ISG15's antiviral roles, viruses have evolved sophisticated tactics. Here, we discuss recent advances in ISG15's physiological functions as a post-translational modifier or 'cytokine-like' molecule during SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Furthermore, we highlight the detailed mechanisms viruses use to block ISG15-dependent antiviral defenses. A comprehensive understanding of ISG15 biology in the context of virus infection may spur new therapeutic approaches for a range of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Sarkar
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
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