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Peng J, Xiao R, Wu C, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Chen K, Xiang Y, Xu C, Zou L, Liao M, Zhang J. Characterization of the prevalence of Salmonella in different retail chicken supply modes using genome-wide and machine-learning analyses. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114654. [PMID: 39059904 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that causes salmonellosis, of which retail chicken meat is a major source. However, the prevalence of Salmonella in different retail chicken supply modes and the threat posed to consumers remains unclear. The prevalence, serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, and genomic characteristics of Salmonella in three supply modes of retail chicken (live poultry, frozen, and chilled) were investigated using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and machine learning (ML). In this study, 480 retail chicken samples from live poultry, frozen, and chilled supply modes in Guangzhou from 2020 to 2021, as well as 253 Salmonella isolates (total isolation rate = 53.1 %), were collected. The prevalence of isolates in the live poultry mode (67.5 %, 81/120) was statistically higher than in the frozen (50.0 %, 120/240) and chilled (43.3 %, 52/120) (P < 0.05) modes. Serotype identification showed significant differences in the serotype distribution of Salmonella in different supply modes. S. Enteritis (46.7 %) and S. Indiana (14.2 %) were predominant in the frozen mode. S. Agona (23.5 %) and S. Saintpaul (13.6 %) were predominant in live poultry, while S. Enteritis (40.4 %) and S. Kentucky (17.3 %) were predominant in chilled mode. Antibiotic testing showed that frozen mode isolates were more resistant; the multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate of isolates in the frozen mode reached 91.8 %, significantly higher than in the chilled (86.5 %) and live (74.1 %) (P < 0.05) modes. WGS was performed on 155 top serotypes (S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky, S. Indiana, and S. Agona). The antibiotic resistance gene analysis showed that the abundance and carrying rate of antibiotic resistance genes of Salmonella in the frozen mode (54 types, 16.1 %) were significantly higher than in other modes (live poultry: 36 types, 9.4 %, P < 0.05; chilled: 31 types, 11.6 %). The blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-9 genes encoding carbapenem resistance were found in frozen mode isolates on a complex transposon consisting of TnAS3-IS26. Virulence factors and plasmid replicons were abundant in the studied frozen mode isolates. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogenetic tree results showed that in the frozen supply mode, the S. Enteritidis clonal clade continued to contaminate retail chicken meat and was homologous to S. Enteritidis strains found in farm chicken embryos, slaughterhouse chicken carcasses, and patients from hospitals in China (SNP 0 = 10). Notably, the pan-genome-based ML model showed that characteristic genes in frozen and live poultry isolates differed. The narZ gene was a key characteristic gene in frozen isolates, encoding nitrate reductase, relating to anaerobic bacterial growth. The ydgJ gene is a key characteristic gene in the live mode and encodes an oxidoreductase related to oxidative function in bacteria. The high prevalence of live poultry mode Salmonella and the transmission of frozen mode MDR Salmonella in this study pose serious risks to food safety and public health, emphasizing the importance of improving disinfection and cold storage measures to reduce Salmonella contamination and transmission. In conclusion, the continued surveillance of Salmonella across different supply models and the development of an epidemiological surveillance system based on WGS is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Peng
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Renhang Xiao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Canji Wu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zexin Zheng
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuhui Deng
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaifeng Chen
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Xiang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Yaan, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Resources and Environmental, Zhongkai College of Agricultural Engineering, Guangxin Road No. 388, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510550, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Hou B, Zhou Y, Wang W, Shen W, Yu Q, Mao M, Wang S, Ai W, Yu F, Shao P. Characterization of ST15-KL112 Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-Harboring Bla oxa-232 and rmtF in China. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2719-2732. [PMID: 38974316 PMCID: PMC11227325 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s462158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the emergence and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains that demonstrate resistance to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides and tigecycline, in a Chinese hospital. Methods A group of ten CRKP strains were collected from the nine patients in a Chinese hospital. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) and phenotypic inhibition assays precisely assess bacterial antibiotic resistance. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of efflux pump genes (acrA/acrB and oqxA/oqxB) and the regulatory gene (ramA). The core-genome tree and PFGE patterns were analyzed to assess the clonal and horizontal transfer expansion of the strains. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a clinical isolate of K. pneumoniae named Kpn20 to identify key resistance genes and antimicrobial resistance islands (ARI). Results The CRKP strains showed high resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides (CLSI, 2024), and tigecycline (EUCAST, 2024). The mRNA expression levels of efflux pump genes and regulatory genes were detected by RT-qPCR. All 10 isolates had significant differences compared to the control group of ATCC13883. The core-genome tree and PFGE patterns revealed five clusters, indicating clonal and horizontal transfer expansion. Three key resistance genes (blaoxa-232, blaCTX-M-15 , and rmtF) were observed in the K. pneumoniae clinical isolate Kpn20. Mobile antibiotic resistance islands were identified containing bla CTX-M-15 and rmtF, with multiple insertion sequences and transposons present. The coexistence of bla oxa-232 and rmtF in a high-risk K. pneumoniae strain was reported. Conjugation assay was utilized to investigate the transferability of bla oxa-232-encoding plasmids horizontally. Conclusion The study highlights the emergence of ST15-KL112 high-risk CRKP strains with multidrug resistance, including to aminoglycosides and tigecycline. The presence of mobile ARI and clonal and horizontal transfer expansion of strains indicate the threat of transmission of these strains. Future research is needed to assess the prevalence of such isolates and develop effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailong Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinlong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjie Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingyang Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, People’s Republic of China
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Han W, Zhou P, Chen C, Wu C, Shen L, Wan C, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Wang B, Shi J, Yuan X, Gao H, Wang H, Zhou Y, Yu F. Characteristic of KPC-12, a KPC Variant Conferring Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11-KL47 Clone Background. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2541-2554. [PMID: 38933778 PMCID: PMC11199322 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s465699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a great threat to public health worldwide. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is an effective β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors against CRKP. However, reports of resistance to CZA, mainly caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) variants, have increased in recent years. In this study, we aimed to describe the resistance characteristics of KPC-12, a novel KPC variant identified from a CZA resistant K. pneumoniae. Methods The K. pneumoniae YFKP-97 collected from a patient with respiratory tract infection was performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Genomic characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by the broth microdilution method. Induction of resistant strain was carried out in vitro as previously described. The G. mellonella killing assay was used to evaluate the pathogenicity of strains, and the conjugation experiment was performed to evaluate plasmid transfer ability. Results Strain YFKP-97 was a multidrug-resistant clinical ST11-KL47 K. pneumoniae confers high-level resistance to CZA (16/4 μg/mL). WGS revealed that a KPC variant, KPC-12, was carried by the IncFII (pHN7A8) plasmids (pYFKP-97_a and pYFKP-97_b) and showed significantly decreased activity against carbapenems. In addition, there was a dose-dependent effect of bla KPC-12 on its activity against ceftazidime. In vitro inducible resistance assay results demonstrated that the KPC-12 variant was more likely to confer resistance to CZA than the KPC-2 and KPC-3 variants. Discussion Our study revealed that patients who was not treated with CZA are also possible to be infected with CZA-resistant strains harbored a novel KPC variant. Given that the transformant carrying bla KPC-12 was more likely to exhibit a CZA-resistance phenotype. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify the KPC variants as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cailing Wan
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanghua Xiao
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haojin Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Fan F, Chen G, Deng S, Wei L. Proteomic analysis of meropenem-induced outer membrane vesicles released by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0291723. [PMID: 38236023 PMCID: PMC10846168 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02917-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an important multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogen that threatens human health and is the main source of hospital-acquired infection. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria and contain materials involved in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. They also contribute to cellular communication to nearby or distant recipient cells and influence their functions and phenotypes. In this study, we sought to understand the mechanism of bacterial response to meropenem pressure and explore the relationship between pathogenic proteins and the high pathogenicity of bacteria. We performed whole-genome PacBio sequencing on a clinical CRKP strain, and its OMVs were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and proteomic analysis. Thousands of vesicle proteins have been identified in mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics analyses of K. pneumoniae OMVs. Protein functionality analysis showed that the OMVs were predominantly involved in metabolic, intracellular compartments, nucleic acid binding, survival, defense, and antibiotic resistance, such as Chromosome partition protein MukB, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase, methionine-tRNA ligase, Heat shock protein 60 family chaperone GroEL, and Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that OMVs from meropenem-treated K. pneumoniae showed the highest connectivity in DNA polymerase I, phenylalanine-tRNA ligase beta subunit, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta, methionine-tRNA ligase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta, and DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha. The OMVs proteome expression profile indicates increased secretion of stress proteins released from meropenem-treated K. pneumoniae, which provides clues for revealing the biogenesis and pathophysiological functions of Gram-negative bacteria OMVs. The significant differentially expressed proteins identified in this study are of great significance for exploring effective control strategies for CRKP infection.IMPORTANCEMeropenem is one of the main antibiotics used in the clinical treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). This study demonstrated that some important metabolic changes occurred in meropenem-induced CRKP-outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), The OMVs proteome expression profile indicates increased secretion of stress proteins released from meropenem-induced Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, this is the first study to discuss the protein-protein interaction network of the OMVs released by CRKP, especially under antibiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangzhang Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Siqian Deng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Zhou Y, Wu X, Wu C, Zhou P, Yang Y, Wang B, Xu Y, Zhao H, Guo Y, Yu J, Yu F. Emergence of KPC-2 and NDM-5-coproducing hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with high-risk sequence types ST11 and ST15. mSphere 2024; 9:e0061223. [PMID: 38193656 PMCID: PMC10826354 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00612-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-coproducing hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-2-NDM-hv-CRKP) poses a certain threat to public health. Currently, only a few sporadic reports of such double-positive hv-CRKPs were available. In this study, we isolated two KPC-2-NDM-5-hv-CRKPs from elderly patients with serious underlying diseases and poor prognoses. We found both FK3122 and FK3127 were typical multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, exhibiting high-level resistance to both carbapenems and novel β-lactamase inhibitors ceftazidime/avibactam. Notably, FK3122 is even resistant to cefiderocol due to multiple blaNDM-5 elements. Besides the MDR phenotype, A549 human lung epithelial cells and Galleria mellonella infection model all indicated that FK3122 and FK3127 were highly pathogenic. According to the whole-genome sequencing analysis, we observed over 10 resistant elements, and the uncommon co-existence of blaKPC-2, blaNDM-5, and virulence plasmids in both two isolates. Both virulence plasmids identified in FK3122 and FK3127 shared a high identity with classical virulence plasmid pK2044, harboring specific hypervirulent factors: rmpA and iuc operon. We also found that the resistance and virulence plasmids in FK3127 could not only be transferred to Escherichia coli EC600 independently but also together as a co-transfer, which was additionally confirmed by the S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis plasmid profile. Moreover, polymorphic mobile genetic elements were found surrounding resistance genes, which may stimulate the mobilization of resistance genes and result in the duplication of these elements. Considering the combination of high pathogenicity, limited therapy options, and easy transmission of KPC-2-NDM-5-hv-CRKP, our study emphasizes the need for underscores the imperative for ongoing surveillance of these pathogens.IMPORTANCEHypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae drug resistance has increased gradually with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hv-CRKP). However, little information is available on the virulence characteristics of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) co-producing K. pneumoniae strains. In this study, we obtained two KPC-2-NDM-hv-CRKPs from elderly patients, each with distinct capsule types and sequence types: ST11-KL64 and ST15-KL24; these ST-type lineages are recognized as classical multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae. We found these KPC-2-NDM-hv-CRKPs were not only typical MDR isolates, including resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol, but also displayed exceptionally high levels of pathogenicity. In addition, these high-risk factors can also be transferred to other isolates. Consequently, our study underscores the need for ongoing surveillance of these isolates due to their heightened pathogenicity, limited therapeutic options, and potential for easy transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peiyao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu L, Lou N, Liang Q, Xiao W, Teng G, Ma J, Zhang H, Huang M, Feng Y. Chasing the landscape for intrahospital transmission and evolution of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3027-3047. [PMID: 37949739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The spread of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Hv-CRKP) is a global health concern. Here, we report the intrahospital colonization and spread of Hv-CRKP isolates in a tertiary hospital from 2017 to 2022. Analyses of 90 nonredundant CRKP isolates from 72 patients indicated that Hv-CRKP transferability relies on the dominant ST11-K64 clone. Whole-genome sequencing of 11 representative isolates gave 31 complete plasmid sequences, including 12 KPC-2 resistance carriers and 10 RmpA virulence vehicles. Apart from the binary vehicles, we detected two types of fusion plasmids, favoring the cotransfer of RmpA virulence and KPC-2 resistance. The detection of ancestry/relic plasmids enabled us to establish genetic mechanisms by which rare fusion plasmids form. Unexpectedly, we found a total of five rmpA promoter variants (P9T-P13T) exhibiting distinct activities and varying markedly in their geographic distributions. CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation confirmed that an active PT11-rmpA regulator is a biomarker for the "high-risk" ST11-K64/CRKP clone. These findings suggest clonal spread and clinical evolution of the prevalent ST11-K64/Hv-CRKP clones. Apart from improved public awareness of Hv-CRKP convergence, our findings might benefit the development of surveillance (and/or intervention) strategies for the dominant ST11-K64 lineage of the Hv-CRKP population in healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ningjie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaoqin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Man Huang
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhou C, Zhang H, Xu M, Liu Y, Yuan B, Lin Y, Shen F. Within-Host Resistance and Virulence Evolution of a Hypervirulent Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 Under Antibiotic Pressure. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:7255-7270. [PMID: 38023413 PMCID: PMC10658960 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s436128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv-CRKP) has recently aroused an extremely severe health challenge and public concern. However, the underlying mechanisms of fitness costs that accompany antibiotic resistance acquisition remain largely unexplored. Here, we report a hv-CRKP-associated fatal infection and reveal a reduction in virulence due to the acquisition of aminoglycoside resistance. Methods The bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, hypermucoviscosity, virulence factors, MLST and serotypes were profiled.The clonal homology and plasmid acquisition among hv-CRKP strains were detected by XbaI and S1-PFGE. The virulence potential of the strains was evaluated using Galleria mellonella larvae infection model, serum resistance assay, capsular polysaccharide quantification, and biofilm formation assay. Genomic variations were identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results Four K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing CRKP strains were consecutively isolated from an 86-year-old patient with severe pneumonia. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed that all four hv-CRKP strains belonged to the ST11-KL64 clone. PFGE analysis revealed that the four ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP strains could be grouped into the same PFGE type. Under the pressure of antibiotics, the antimicrobial resistance of the strains increased and the virulence potential decreased. Further sequencing, using the Nanopore platform, was performed on three representative isolates (WYKP586, WYKP589, and WYKP594). Genomic analysis showed that the plasmids of these three strains underwent a large number of breaks and recombination events under antibiotic pressure. We found that as aminoglycoside resistance emerged via acquisition of the rmtB gene, the hypermucoviscosity and virulence of the strains decreased because of internal mutations in the rmpA and rmpA2 genes. Conclusion This study shows that ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP can further evolve to acquire aminoglycoside resistance accompanied by decreased virulence to adapt to antibiotic pressure in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maosuo Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoyu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Jeremia L, Deprez BE, Dey D, Conn GL, Wuest WM. Ribosome-targeting antibiotics and resistance via ribosomal RNA methylation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:624-643. [PMID: 37122541 PMCID: PMC10131624 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is a cause of global concern. There is an urgent need to both revitalize antibacterial agents that are ineffective due to resistance while concurrently developing new antibiotics with novel targets and mechanisms of action. Pathogen associated resistance-conferring ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases are a growing threat that, as a group, collectively render a total of seven clinically-relevant ribosome-targeting antibiotic classes ineffective. Increasing frequency of identification and their growing prevalence relative to other resistance mechanisms suggests that these resistance determinants are rapidly spreading among human pathogens and could contribute significantly to the increased likelihood of a post-antibiotic era. Herein, with a view toward stimulating future studies to counter the effects of these rRNA methyltransferases, we summarize their prevalence, the fitness cost(s) to bacteria of their acquisition and expression, and current efforts toward targeting clinically relevant enzymes of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Learnmore Jeremia
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Dr. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Benjamin E Deprez
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Dr. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Debayan Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine 1510 Clifton Rd. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Graeme L Conn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine 1510 Clifton Rd. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine 1510 Clifton Rd. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University 1515 Dickey Dr. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine 1510 Clifton Rd. Atlanta GA 30322 USA
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9
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Wu C, Zhou Y, Ai W, Guo Y, Wu X, Wang B, Zhao H, Rao L, Wang X, Zhang J, Yu F, Wang L. Co-occurrence of OXA-232, RmtF-encoding plasmids, and pLVPK-like virulence plasmid contributed to the generation of ST15-KL112 hypervirulent multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1133590. [PMID: 36925476 PMCID: PMC10011171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains and restricted therapeutic options pose a global threat to public health. Aminoglycosides are a wise choice, which can effectively reduce the mortality rate when combined with β-lactam drugs. However, in this study, we identified a ST15-KL112 CRKP FK3006 which not only exhibited resistance to carbapenems, but also exhibited high level resistance to aminoglycosides. In addition to the multidrug resistant phenotype, FK3006 also owned typical pathogenic characteristic, including hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence phenotypes. According to the whole-genome sequencing, one pLVPK-like virulence plasmid, and three key resistant plasmids (bla OXA-232, bla CTX-M-15, and rmtF) were observed in FK3006. Compared to other typical ST15 CRKP, the presence of pLVPK-like virulence plasmid (p3006-2) endowed the FK3006 with high virulence features. High siderophore production, more cell invasive and more resistant to serum killing was observed in FK3006. The Galleria mellonella infection model also further confirmed the hypervirulent phenotype of FK3006 in vivo. Moreover, according to the conjugation assay, p3006-2 virulence plasmid also could be induced transfer with the help of conjugative IncFIIK p3006-11 plasmid (bla CTX-M-15). In addition to the transmissible plasmid, several insertion sequences and transposons were found around bla CTX-M-15, and rmtF to generate the mobile antimicrobial resistance island (ARI), which also make a significant contribution to the dissemination of resistant determinants. Overall, we reported the uncommon co-existence of bla OXA-232, rmtF-encoding plasmids, and pLVPK-like virulence plasmid in ST15-KL112 K. pneumoniae. The dissemination threatens of these high-risk elements in K. pneumoniae indicated that future studies are necessary to evaluate the prevalence of such isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Ai
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yinjuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulin Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Coexistence of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in a Single Conjugative Plasmid from a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate of Sequence Type 25. mSphere 2022; 7:e0047722. [PMID: 36472445 PMCID: PMC9769751 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00477-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has received considerable attention. Typically, the genetic elements that confer virulence are harbored by nonconjugative plasmids. In this study, we report a CR-hvKP strain, CY814036, of high-risk sequence type 25 (ST25) and the K2 serotype, which is uncommon among K. pneumoniae isolates but caused serious lung infection in a tertiary teaching hospital in China. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed a rare conjugative plasmid, pCY814036-iucA, carrying a virulence-associated iuc operon (iucABCD-iutA) coding for aerobactin and determinants of multidrug resistance (MDR), coexisting with a conjugative blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid, pCY814036-KPC2, in the same strain. A conjugation assay showed that pCY814036-iucA and pCY814036-KPC2 could be efficiently cotransmitted from CY814036 to Escherichia coli EC600. Further phenotypic investigation, including antimicrobial susceptibility tests, serum resistance assays, and mouse infection models, confirmed that pCY814036-iucA was capable of cotransferring multidrug resistance and hypervirulence features to the recipient. pCY814036-KPC2 also conferred resistance to antibiotics, including β-lactams and aminoglycosides. Overall, the rare coexistence of a conjugative MDR-virulence plasmid and a blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid in a K. pneumoniae isolate offers a possible mechanism for the formation of CR-hvKP strains and the potential to significantly accelerate the propagation of high-risk phenotypes. IMPORTANCE The increased reporting of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae is considered a worrisome concern to human health care and has restricted the choice of effective antibiotics for clinical treatment. Moreover, virulence plasmids with complete conjugation modules have been identified, which evolved via homologous recombination. Here, we characterize an ST25 CR-hvKP strain, CY814036, harboring both a conjugative MDR-virulence plasmid and a blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid in China. This study highlights that the cotransmission of drug resistance and virulence plasmids increases therapeutic difficulties and worsens clinical prognoses. Also, active surveillance of the conjugative MDR-virulence plasmid is necessary.
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11
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Hu Y, Zhang W, Shen X, Qu Q, Li X, Chen R, Wang Z, Ma R, Xiong Z, Wang Y, Wang P. Tandem Repeat of bla NDM-1 and Clonal Dissemination of a fosA3 and bla KPC-2 Co-Carrying IncR-F33: A-: B- Plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Collected in a Southwest Hospital in China, 2010-2013. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7431-7447. [PMID: 36544990 PMCID: PMC9762261 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s391144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been widespread in coastal cities of eastern China since 2009. However, how CRKP spreads and evolves in southwest China is unclear. Aim We investigated the genetic characteristics and dissemination mechanisms of carbapenemase genes in forty-one non-repetitive CRKP isolates collected from a southwest hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, during 2010-2013. Methodology Drug susceptibilities were analyzed by using VITEK 2 compact system. Genetic relationships were ascertained based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Genetic backgrounds of bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-1 were revealed by DNA walking and high-throughput sequencing. Results All isolates were highly resistant to common antibiotics except for tigecycline. In total, 34 bla KPC-2, 3 bla NDM-1, 1 bla IMP-4 and 3 bla IMP-26 genes were identified and KP67 plasmid 1 co-harbored bla NDM-1 and bla IMP-26. Five sequence types, namely ST11, ST290, ST340, ST395 and ST437, were recognized by MLST. Surprisingly, bla KPC-2 was only detected in ST11 strains. We described a clonal dissemination of fosA3-positive IncR-IncF33:A-:B- multireplicon plasmid carrying the gene cassettes IS26-ΔTn3-ISKpn27-bla KPC-2-ΔISKpn6-korC-klcA-ΔrepB-Tn1721 in all ST11 isolates. Three bla NDM-1 positive isolates belonged to three different ST types and their bla NDM-1 genetic backgrounds were also distinct. Interestingly, the flanking regions of bla NDM-1 in KP67 and KP72 were duplicated into one to five copies in a form of tandem repeat by the transposition of IS91 like element. The bla NDM-1 of KP82 was carried on a common IncX3 plasmid. Conclusion This study described the early epidemiological characteristics of bla KPC-2/bla NDM-1-carrying CRKP, and reported a new tandem repeat pattern of bla NDM-1 cluster in Yunnan. These findings extend our knowledge on the carbapenemase gene evolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufen Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rucai Chen
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaikun Xiong
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yuming Wang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13708406058, Fax +86-0871-65334416, Email
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China,Pengfei Wang, Department of Key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15288453604, Email
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12
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Research Updates of Plasmid-Mediated Aminoglycoside Resistance 16S rRNA Methyltransferase. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070906. [PMID: 35884160 PMCID: PMC9311965 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the wide spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a variety of aminoglycosides have been used in clinical practice as one of the effective options for antimicrobial combinations. However, in recent years, the emergence of high-level resistance against pan-aminoglycosides has worsened the status of antimicrobial resistance, so the production of 16S rRNA methyltransferase (16S-RMTase) should not be ignored as one of the most important resistance mechanisms. What is more, on account of transferable plasmids, the horizontal transfer of resistance genes between pathogens becomes easier and more widespread, which brings challenges to the treatment of infectious diseases and infection control of drug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we will make a presentation on the prevalence and genetic environment of 16S-RMTase encoding genes that lead to high-level resistance to aminoglycosides.
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