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Pindjakova D, Mascaretti S, Hricoviniova J, Hosek J, Gregorova J, Kos J, Cizek A, Hricoviniova Z, Jampilek J. Critical view on antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities of quinazolin-4(3 H)-one derived schiff bases and their Cu(II) complexes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29051. [PMID: 38601653 PMCID: PMC11004567 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of nine 2,3-disubstituted-quinazolin-4(3H)-one derived Schiff bases and their three Cu(II) complexes was prepared and tested for their antimicrobial activities against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). All the substances were tested in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177, M. kansasii DSM 44162 and M. smegmatis ATCC 700084. While anti-enterococcal and antimycobacterial activities were insignificant, 3-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)amino]-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (SB3) and its Cu(II) complex (SB3-Cu) demonstrated bacteriostatic antistaphylococcal activity. In addition, both compounds, as well as the other two prepared complexes, showed antibiofilm activity, which resulted in a reduction of biofilm formation and eradication of mature S. aureus biofilm by 80% even at concentrations lower than the values of their minimum inhibitory concentrations. In addition, the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic effect on the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. The antileukemic efficiency was improved by the preparation of Cu(II) complexes from the corresponding non-chelated Schiff base ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pindjakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sarka Mascaretti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hricoviniova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Hosek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Gregorova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hricoviniova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Zhang Y, Hu J, Zhang Q, Cai D, Chen S, Wang Y. Enhancement of alkaline protease production in recombinant Bacillus licheniformis by response surface methodology. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 38647919 PMCID: PMC10991860 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaline protease is widely used in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries because of its comparatively great hydrolysis ability and alkali tolerance. To improve the ability of the recombinant Bacillus licheniformis to produce alkaline protease, single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to determine and develop optimal culture conditions. The results showed that three factors (corn starch content, soybean meal content, and initial medium pH) had significant effects on alkaline protease production (P < 0.05), as determined through the Plackett‒Burman design. The maximum enzyme activity was observed with an optimal medium composition by central composite design (CCD): corn starch, 92.3 g/L; soybean meal, 35.8 g/L; and initial medium pH, 9.58. Under these optimum conditions, the alkaline protease activity of strain BL10::aprE was 15,435.1 U/mL, 82% higher than that in the initial fermentation medium. To further investigate the application of the optimum fermentation medium, the overexpressed strain BL10::aprE/pHYaprE was cultured using the optimized medium to achieve an enzyme activity of 39,233.6 U/mL. The present study achieved the highest enzyme activity of alkaline protease by B. licheniformis at the shake-flask fermentation level, which has important application value for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 329, Shanghai, 20037, China
| | - Jingmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 329, Shanghai, 20037, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Environmental, Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Environmental, Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Environmental, Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. Box 329, Shanghai, 20037, China.
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Ulmer A, Veit S, Erdemann F, Freund A, Loesch M, Teleki A, Zeidan AA, Takors R. A Two-Compartment Fermentation System to Quantify Strain-Specific Interactions in Microbial Co-Cultures. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010103. [PMID: 36671675 PMCID: PMC9854596 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To fulfil the growing interest in investigating microbial interactions in co-cultures, a novel two-compartment bioreactor system was developed, characterised, and implemented. The system allowed for the exchange of amino acids and peptides via a polyethersulfone membrane that retained biomass. Further system characterisation revealed a Bodenstein number of 18, which hints at backmixing. Together with other physical settings, the existence of unwanted inner-compartment substrate gradients could be ruled out. Furthermore, the study of Damkoehler numbers indicated that a proper metabolite supply between compartments was enabled. Implementing the two-compartment system (2cs) for growing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subs. bulgaricus, which are microorganisms commonly used in yogurt starter cultures, revealed only a small variance between the one-compartment and two-compartment approaches. The 2cs enabled the quantification of the strain-specific production and consumption rates of amino acids in an interacting S. thermophilus-L. bulgaricus co-culture. Therefore, comparisons between mono- and co-culture performance could be achieved. Both species produce and release amino acids. Only alanine was produced de novo from glucose through potential transaminase activity by L. bulgaricus and consumed by S. thermophilus. Arginine availability in peptides was limited to S. thermophilus' growth, indicating active biosynthesis and dependency on the proteolytic activity of L. bulgaricus. The application of the 2cs not only opens the door for the quantification of exchange fluxes between microbes but also enables continuous production modes, for example, for targeted evolution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ulmer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Veit
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Erdemann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Freund
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren Loesch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Attila Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ahmad A. Zeidan
- Systems Biology, R&D Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Antistaphylococcal Activities and ADME-Related Properties of Chlorinated Arylcarbamoylnaphthalenylcarbamates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060715. [PMID: 35745634 PMCID: PMC9228535 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern 1-hydroxy-N-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-2-naphthamide and the thirteen original carbamates derived from it were prepared and characterized. All the compounds were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 as a reference and quality control strain and in addition against three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, the compounds were evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). The lipophilicity of the prepared compounds was experimentally determined and correlated with biological activity. While pattern anilide had no antibacterial activity, the prepared carbamates demonstrated high antistaphylococcal activity comparable to the used standards (ampicillin and ciprofloxacin), which unfortunately were ineffective against E. feacalis. 2-[(2,4,5-Trichlorophenyl)carba- moyl]naphthalen-1-yl ethylcarbamate (2) and 2-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-1-yl butylcarbamate (4) expressed the nanomolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs 0.018−0.064 μM) against S. aureus and at least two other MRSA isolates. Microbicidal effects based on the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against all the tested staphylococci were found for nine carbamates, while 2-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-1-yl heptylcarbamate (7) and 2-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-1-yl (4-phenylbutyl)carbamate (14) demonstrated MBCs in the range of 0.124−0.461 μM. The selectivity index (SI) for most investigated carbamates was >20 and for some derivatives even >100. The performed tests did not show an effect on the damage to the bacterial membrane, while the compounds were able to inhibit the respiratory chain of S. aureus.
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