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Magtoto PD, Arruda BL, Magtoto RL, Mora-Díaz JC, Opulencia RB, Baum DH, Zimmerman JJ, Giménez-Lirola LG. Differential antigenicity of individual Mycoplasma hyorhinis variable lipoproteins. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110768. [PMID: 38703559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) variable lipoprotein (Vlp) family, comprising Vlps A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, are highly variable in expression, size, and cytoadhesion capabilities across Mhr strains. The 'Vlp system' plays a crucial role in cytoadhesion, immune evasion, and in eliciting a host immunologic response. This pilot study described the development of Vlp peptide-based ELISAs to evaluate the antigenic reactivity of individual Vlps against Mhr antisera collected throughout a longitudinal study focused on Mhr strain 38983, reproducing Mhr-associated disease under experimental conditions. Specifically, serum samples were collected at day post-inoculation 0, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 from Mhr- and mock (Friis medium)-inoculated cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs. Significant Mhr-specific IgG responses were detected at specific time points throughout the infection, with some variations for each Vlp. Overall, individual Vlp ELISAs showed consistently high accuracy rates, except for VlpD, which would likely be associated with its expression levels or the anti-Vlp humoral immune response specific to the Mhr strain used in this study. This study provides the basis and tools for a more refined understanding of these Vlp- and Mhr strain-specific variations, which is foundational in understanding the host immune response to Mhr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precy D Magtoto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Pampanga State Agricultural University, Pampanga, the Philippines; College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronaldo L Magtoto
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rina B Opulencia
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - David H Baum
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeff J Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luis G Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Käbisch L, Schink AK, Hoeltig D, Verspohl J, Gyuranecz M, Spergser J, Kehrenberg C, Schwarz S. Evaluation of a Method for Standardized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Mycoplasma hyorhinis Field Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2881. [PMID: 38138024 PMCID: PMC10746044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organizations like the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) provide standardized methodologies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a wide range of nonfastidious and fastidious bacteria, but so far not for Mycoplasma spp. of animal origin. Recently, a proposed method for the standardized broth microdilution testing of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using commercial Sensititre microtiter plates was presented. In this study, we evaluated this broth microdilution method with 37 field isolates and tested their susceptibility toward the following antimicrobial agents: doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tylosin. The isolates originated from different countries, isolation sites, and years. The broth microdilution method was carried out using a modified Friis broth as the culture and test medium. For macrolides and lincosamides, a bimodal distribution with elevated MIC values could be observed for almost half of the tested field isolates, deducing reduced susceptibility toward these substances. With a recently published protocol, we were able to test a variety of field isolates, and consistent data could be obtained. Using this method, monitoring studies of Mycoplasma hyorhinis isolates can be carried out in a comparable manner, and the observed susceptibility profiles can be screened for possible changes in MIC values in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Käbisch
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | - Doris Hoeltig
- Division for Pigs, Farm Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
- MolliScience Kft., H-2051 Biatorbágy, Hungary
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Zubair M, Wang J, Yu Y, Rasheed MA, Faisal M, Dawood AS, Ashraf M, Shao G, Feng Z, Xiong Q. Conserved Domains in Variable Surface Lipoproteins A-G of Mycoplasma hyorhinis May Serve as Probable Multi-Epitope Candidate Vaccine: Computational Reverse Vaccinology Approach. Vet Sci 2023; 10:557. [PMID: 37756079 PMCID: PMC10535464 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) is responsible for infections in the swine population. Such infections are usually cured by using antimicrobials and lead to develop resistance. Until now, there has been no effective vaccine to eradicate the disease. This study used conserved domains found in seven members of the variable lipoprotein (VlpA-G) family in order to design a multi-epitope candidate vaccine (MEV) against M. hyorhinis. The immunoinformatics approach was followed to predict epitopes, and a vaccine construct consisting of an adjuvant, two B cell epitopes, two HTL epitopes, and one CTL epitope was designed. The suitability of the vaccine construct was identified by its non-allergen, non-toxic, and antigenic nature. A molecular dynamic simulation was executed to assess the stability of the TLR2 docked structure. An immune simulation showed a high immune response toward the antigen. The protein sequence was reverse-translated, and codons were optimized to gain a high expression level in E. coli. The proposed vaccine construct may be a candidate for a multi-epitope vaccine. Experimental validation is required in future to test the safety and efficacy of the hypothetical candidate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.S.); (Z.F.)
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.S.); (Z.F.)
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.S.); (Z.F.)
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Rasheed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Ali Sobhy Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 37000, Pakistan;
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.S.); (Z.F.)
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.S.); (Z.F.)
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China; (M.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.S.); (Z.F.)
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Földi D, Nagy ZE, Belecz N, Szeredi L, Földi J, Kollár A, Tenk M, Kreizinger Z, Gyuranecz M. Establishment of a Mycoplasma hyorhinis challenge model in 5-week-old piglets. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209119. [PMID: 37601388 PMCID: PMC10436309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycoplasma hyorhinis is an emerging swine pathogen with high prevalence worldwide. The main lesions caused are arthritis and polyserositis, and the clinical manifestation of the disease may result in significant economic losses due to decreased weight gain and enhanced medical costs. We aimed to compare two challenge routes to induce M. hyorhinis infection using the same clinical isolate. Methods Five-week-old, Choice hybrid pigs were inoculated on 2 consecutive days by intravenous route (Group IV-IV) or by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes (Group IV-IP). Mock-infected animals were used as control (control group). After the challenge, the clinical signs were recorded for 28 days, after which the animals were euthanized. Gross pathological and histopathological examinations, PCR detection, isolation, and genotyping of the re-isolated Mycoplasma sp. and culture of bacteria other than Mycoplasma sp. were carried out. The ELISA test was used to detect anti-M. hyorhinis immunoglobulins in the sera of all animals. Results Pericarditis and polyarthritis were observed in both challenge groups; however, the serositis was more severe in Group IV-IV. Statistically significant differences were detected between the challenged groups and the control group regarding the average daily weight gain, pathological scores, and ELISA titers. Additionally, histopathological scores in Group IV-IV differed significantly from the scores in the control group. All re-isolated strains were the same or a close genetic variant of the original challenge strain. Discussion Our results indicate that both challenge routes are suitable for modeling the disease. However, due to the evoked more severe pathological lesions and the application being similar to the hypothesized natural route of infection in Group IV-IV, the two-dose intravenous challenge is recommended by the authors to induce serositis and arthritis associated with M. hyorhinis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Földi
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Eszter Nagy
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Belecz
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Szeredi
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Kollár
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Tenk
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- MolliScience Kft., Biatorbágy, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MolliScience Kft., Biatorbágy, Hungary
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