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Ferous S, Anastassopoulou C, Pitiriga V, Vrioni G, Tsakris A. Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship of the Novel β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors for Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 38534720 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are a major public health threat due to the limited therapeutic options available. The introduction of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BL/BLIs) has, however, altered the treatment options for such pathogens. Thus, four new BL/BLI combinations-namely, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, and ceftolozane/tazobactam-have been approved for infections attributed to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nevertheless, although these antimicrobials are increasingly being used in place of other drugs such as polymyxins, their optimal clinical use is still challenging. Furthermore, there is evidence that resistance to these agents might be increasing, so urgent measures should be taken to ensure their continued effectiveness. Therefore, clinical laboratories play an important role in the judicious use of these new antimicrobial combinations by detecting and characterizing carbapenem resistance, resolving the presence and type of carbapenemase production, and accurately determining the minimum inhibitor concentrations (MICs) for BL/BLIs. These three targets must be met to ensure optimal BL/BLIs use and prevent unnecessary exposure that could lead to the development of resistance. At the same time, laboratories must ensure that results are interpreted in a timely manner to avoid delays in appropriate treatment that might be detrimental to patient safety. Thus, we herein present an overview of the indications and current applications of the new antimicrobial combinations and explore the diagnostic limitations regarding both carbapenem resistance detection and the interpretation of MIC results. Moreover, we suggest the use of alternative narrower-spectrum antibiotics based on susceptibility testing and present data regarding the effect of synergies between BL/BLIs and other antimicrobials. Finally, in order to address the absence of a standardized approach to using the novel BL/BLIs, we propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm, which can be modified based on local epidemiological criteria. This framework could also be expanded to incorporate other new antimicrobials, such as cefiderocol, or currently unavailable BL/BLIs such as aztreonam/avibactam and cefepime/taniborbactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Ferous
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pitiriga
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vrioni
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Hu Y, Zhu Y, Li C, Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Fan Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Liu X, Zhang F, Lu B. Evaluation of BACTEC MGIT 960 system for recovery of Nocardia from clinical specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 106:115989. [PMID: 37269756 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia spp. is an aerobic Gram-positive bacillus responsible for nocardiosis. Herein, we performed a retrospective study to evaluate the performance of BACTEC MGIT 960 system, in comparison with smear microscopy and blood agar plate (BAP) culture, to recover Nocardia from different clinical specimens. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of antibiotics contained in MGIT 960 tube on Nocardia was also evaluated. The sensitivities for Nocardia recovery using smear microscopy, BAP culture, and MGIT 960 were 39.4% (54/137), 46.1% (99/215), and 81.3% (156/192), respectively. N. farcinica was the most detected species (60.4%, 136/225). In MGIT 960-recovered Nocardia strains, N. farcinica accounted for 76.9%. Furthermore, trimethoprim in MGIT 960 tube inhibited less N. farcinica growth than that of other Nocardia species, partially explaining why MGIT 960 recovered more N. farcinica from sputa. The current study demonstrated that MGIT 960 could recover Nocardia strains from heavily-contaminated samples if its components and antibiotics are redesigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Hu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huihui Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiankang Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyao Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital.
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Zhou D, Huang G, Xu G, Xiang L, Huang S, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang D. CRISPRi-Mediated Gene Suppression Reveals Putative Reverse Transcriptase Gene PA0715 to Be a Global Regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7577-7599. [PMID: 36579125 PMCID: PMC9792118 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s384980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen of infection in burn and trauma patients, and multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa has become an increasingly important pathogen. Essential genes are key to the development of novel antibiotics. The PA0715 gene is a novel unidentified essential gene that has attracted our interest as a potential antibiotic target. Our study aims to determine the exact role of PA0715 in cell physiology and bacterial pathogenicity, providing important clues for antibiotic development. Patients and Methods The shuttle vector pHERD20T containing an arabinose inducible promoter was used to construct the CRISPRi system. Alterations in cellular physiology and bacterial pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 after PA0715 inhibition were characterized. High-throughput RNA-seq was performed to gain more insight into the mechanisms by which PA0715 regulates the vital activity of P. aeruginosa. Results We found that down-regulation of PA0715 significantly reduced PAO1 growth rate, motility and chemotaxis, antibiotic resistance, pyocyanin and biofilm production. In addition, PA0715 inhibition reduced the pathogenicity of PAO1 to the greater galleria mellonella larvae. Transcriptional profiling identified 1757 genes including those related to amino acid, carbohydrate, ketone body and organic salt metabolism, whose expression was directly or indirectly controlled by PA0715. Unexpectedly, genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation also varied with PA0715 levels, and these findings support a hitherto unrecognized critical role for PA0715 in oxidative respiration in P. aeruginosa. Conclusion We identified PA0715 as a global regulator of the metabolic network that is indispensable for the survival and reproduction of P. aeruginosa. Our results provide a basis for future studies of potential antibiotic targets for P. aeruginosa and offer new ideas for P. aeruginosa infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Department of Wound Repair, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyi Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchong Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
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