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Cheng OJ, Lebish EJ, Jensen O, Jacenik D, Trivedi S, Cacioppo JG, Aubé J, Beswick EJ, Leung DT. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells modulate innate immune cells and inhibit colon cancer growth. Scand J Immunol 2024; 100:e13391. [PMID: 38773691 PMCID: PMC11315626 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that can be activated by microbial antigens and cytokines and are abundant in mucosal tissues including the colon. MAIT cells have cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory functions and have potentials for use as adoptive cell therapy. However, studies into their anti-cancer activity, including their role in colon cancer, are limited. Using an animal model of colon cancer, we showed that peritumoral injection of in vivo-expanded MAIT cells into RAG1-/- mice with MC38-derived tumours inhibits tumour growth compared to control. Multiplex cytokine analyses showed that tumours from the MAIT cell-treated group have higher expression of markers for eosinophil-activating cytokines, suggesting a potential association between eosinophil recruitment and tumour inhibition. In a human peripheral leukocyte co-culture model, we showed that leukocytes stimulated with MAIT ligand showed an increase in eotaxin-1 production and activation of eosinophils, associated with increased cancer cell killing. In conclusion, we showed that MAIT cells have a protective role in a murine colon cancer model, associated with modulation of the immune response to cancer, potentially involving eosinophil-associated mechanisms. Our results highlight the potential of MAIT cells for non-donor restricted colon cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Cheng
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Eric J. Lebish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Owen Jensen
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Jackson G. Cacioppo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Fan S, Zhang W, Zhou L, Wang D, Tang D. Potential role of the intratumoral microbiota in colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112537. [PMID: 38909493 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite the advances in current therapies, the mortality rate of CRC remains high. Among them, immunotherapy has achieved satisfactory results in some CRC patients, however, how to expand the use of immunotherapy in CRC patients remains an urgent challenge. Surprisingly, the intratumoral microbiota has been found in multiple tumor tissues, including CRC. It has been demonstrated that the intratumoral microbiota is associated with the progression and treatment of CRC, and is able to enhance or decrease anti-tumor immune responses via different mechanisms as well as influence the immunotherapy efficacy, providing new potential therapeutic targets for CRC immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the characteristics of the intratumoral microbiota, its roles in the genesis and development of CRC, its modulation of anti-tumor immune responses and immunotherapy, and propose potential applications of the intratumoral microbiota in CRC immunotherapy. Additionally, we propose possible directions for future research on the intratumoral microbiota related to CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China.
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China.
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, PR China.
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3
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Kyriazi AA, Karaglani M, Agelaki S, Baritaki S. Intratumoral Microbiome: Foe or Friend in Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment Landscape? Cells 2024; 13:1279. [PMID: 39120310 PMCID: PMC11312414 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in cancer and its crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been extensively studied and characterized. An emerging field in the cancer microbiome research is the concept of the intratumoral microbiome, which refers to the microbiome residing within the tumor. This microbiome primarily originates from the local microbiome of the tumor-bearing tissue or from translocating microbiome from distant sites, such as the gut. Despite the increasing number of studies on intratumoral microbiome, it remains unclear whether it is a driver or a bystander of oncogenesis and tumor progression. This review aims to elucidate the intricate role of the intratumoral microbiome in tumor development by exploring its effects on reshaping the multileveled ecosystem in which tumors thrive, the TME. To dissect the complexity and the multitude of layers within the TME, we distinguish six specialized tumor microenvironments, namely, the immune, metabolic, hypoxic, acidic, mechanical and innervated microenvironments. Accordingly, we attempt to decipher the effects of the intratumoral microbiome on each specialized microenvironment and ultimately decode its tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive impact. Additionally, we portray the intratumoral microbiome as an orchestrator in the tumor milieu, fine-tuning the responses in distinct, specialized microenvironments and remodeling the TME in a multileveled and multifaceted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina A. Kyriazi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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Bi X, Wang J, Liu C. Intratumoral Microbiota: Metabolic Influences and Biomarker Potential in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:917. [PMID: 39199305 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers impose a substantial global health burden, highlighting the necessity for deeper understanding of their intricate pathogenesis and treatment strategies. This review explores the interplay between intratumoral microbiota, tumor metabolism, and major types of GI cancers (including esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers), summarizing recent studies and elucidating their clinical implications and future directions. Recent research revealed altered microbial signatures within GI tumors, impacting tumor progression, immune responses, and treatment outcomes. Dysbiosis-induced alterations in tumor metabolism, including glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, play critical roles in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The integration of molecular mechanisms and potential biomarkers into this understanding further enhances the prognostic significance of intratumoral microbiota composition and therapeutic opportunities targeting microbiota-mediated tumor metabolism. Despite advancements, challenges remain in understanding the dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Future research directions, including advanced omics technologies and prospective clinical studies, offer promising avenues for precision oncology and personalized treatment interventions in GI cancer. Overall, integrating microbiota-based approaches and molecular biomarkers into GI cancer management holds promise for improving patient outcomes and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Science and Education, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
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You K, Du X, Zhao Y, Wen F, Lu Z, Fan H. RRP8, associated with immune infiltration, is a prospective therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:245. [PMID: 38722372 PMCID: PMC11082032 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomal RNA Processing 8 (RRP8) is a nucleolar Rossman fold-like methyltransferase that exhibits increased expression in many malignant tumours. However, the role of RRP8 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still uncertain. We explored the relationships between RRP8 and prognosis and immune infiltration, as well as the putative pathological function and mechanism of RRP8 in HCC. METHODS Analysis of RRP8 expression across cancers was performed by using multiple databases. Associations between RRP8 expression and clinicopathological factors were further examined. Gene enrichment analysis was used to identify various putative biological activities and regulatory networks of RRP8 in HCC. The relationship between RRP8 expression and immune infiltration was confirmed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the impact of clinical variables on patient outcomes. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed to estimate survival probability based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. Functional validation of RRP8 in HCC was performed with two different systems: doxycycline-inducible shRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout. RESULTS RRP8 was markedly overexpressed in HCC clinical specimens compared to adjacent normal tissues. Further analysis demonstrated that RRP8 was directly connected to multiple clinical characteristics and strongly associated with various immune markers in HCC. Moreover, elevated RRP8 expression indicated an unfavourable prognosis. Our functional studies revealed that both knockdown and knockout of RRP8 dramatically attenuated liver cancer cells to proliferate and migrate. Knockout of RRP8 decreased the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and β-catenin-(Y654) signalling pathway components; downregulated downstream signalling effectors, including Cyclin D1 and N-cadherin; and upregulated E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS RRP8 is strongly implicated in immune infiltration and could be a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai You
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingxing Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yunzheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fukai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huitao Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Cai Y, Yao P, Jia Y, Wei X, Du C, Zhang S. Multi-omics analysis elucidates the relationship between intratumor microbiome and host immune heterogeneity in breast cancer. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0410423. [PMID: 38442004 PMCID: PMC10986513 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04104-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has indicated that intratumor microbiomes affect the occurrence, progression, and therapeutic response in many cancer types by influencing the immune system. We aim to evaluate the characteristics of immune-related intratumor microbiomes (IRIMs) in breast cancer (BC) and search for potential prognosis prediction factors and treatment targets. The clinical information, microbiome data, transcriptomics data of The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) patients were obtained from Kraken-TCGA-Raw-Data and TCGA portal. The core tumor-infiltrating immune cell was identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Based on consensus clustering analysis, BC patients were categorized into two immune subtypes, referred to as immune-enriched and immune-deficient subtypes. The immune-enriched subtype, characterized by higher levels of immune infiltration of CD8+ T and macrophage M1 cells, demonstrated a more favorable prognosis. Furthermore, significant differences in alpha-diversity and beta-diversity were observed between the two immune subtypes, and the least discriminant analysis effect size method identified 33 types of IRIMs. An intratumor microbiome-based prognostic signature consisting of four prognostic IRIMs (Acidibacillus, Succinimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Pseudogulbenkiania) was constructed using the Cox proportional-hazard model, and it had great prognostic value. The prognostic IRIMs were correlated with immune gene expression and the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs, specifically tamoxifen and docetaxel. In conclusion, our research has successfully identified two distinct immune subtypes in BC, which exhibit contrasting prognoses and possess unique epigenetic and intratumor microbiomes. The critical IRIMs were correlated with prognosis, tumor-infiltrating immune cell abundance, and immunotherapeutic efficacy in BC. Consequently, this study has identified potential IRIMs as biomarkers, providing a novel therapeutic approach for treating BC.IMPORTANCERecent research has substantiated the presence of the intratumor microbiome in tumor immune microenvironment, which could influence tumor occurrence and progression, as well as provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study identified the critical immune-related intratumor microbiome (Acidibacillus, Succinimonas, Lachnoclostridium, and Pseudogulbenkiania), which were correlated with prognosis, tumor-infiltrating immune cell abundance, and immunotherapeutic efficacy in breast cancer and might be the novel target to regulate immunotherapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peizhuo Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwei Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Cheng OJ, Lebish EJ, Jensen O, Jacenik D, Trivedi S, Cacioppo J, Aubé J, Beswick EJ, Leung DT. MAIT Cells Modulate Innate Immune Cells and Inhibit Colon Cancer Growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575894. [PMID: 38293128 PMCID: PMC10827136 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that can be activated by microbial antigens and cytokines and are abundant in mucosal tissues including the colon. MAIT cells have cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory functions and have potentials for use as adoptive cell therapy. However, studies into their anti-cancer activity, including their role in colon cancer, are limited. Using an animal model of colon cancer, we show that peritumoral injection of in vivo-expanded MAIT cells into RAG1-/- mice with MC38-derived tumors inhibits tumor growth compared to control. Multiplex cytokine analyses show that tumors from the MAIT cell-treated group have higher expression of markers for eosinophil-activating cytokines, suggesting an association between eosinophil recruitment and tumor inhibition. In a human peripheral leukocyte co-culture model, we show that leukocytes stimulated with MAIT ligand show an increase in eotaxin-1 production and activation of eosinophils, associated with increased cancer cell killing. In conclusion, we show that MAIT cells have a protective role in a murine colon cancer model, associated with modulation of the immune response to cancer, potentially involving eosinophil-associated mechanisms. Our results highlight the potential of MAIT cells for non-donor restricted colon cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Cheng
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Eric J. Lebish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Owen Jensen
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Damian Jacenik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Jackson Cacioppo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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8
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Wang Y, Song X, Jin M, Lu J. Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment and Identification of Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:253-277. [PMID: 38229690 PMCID: PMC10790669 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis is a prevalent condition in the field of otorhinolaryngology; however, its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. The immunological defense of the nasal mucosa is significantly influenced by dendritic cells (DCs). We identified specific biological indicators linked to DCs and explored their significance in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Patients and Methods We categorized cells using single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing, and combined transcriptome sequencing was used to identify potential candidate genes for CRSwNP. We selected three biomarkers based on two algorithms and performed enrichment and immune correlation analyses. Biomarkers were verified using training and validation sets, receiver operating characteristic curves, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Variations in biomarker expression were validated using pseudotime analysis. The networks of competing transcription factor (TF)-mRNA and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) were established, and the protein drugs associated with these biomarkers were predicted. Results Both scRNA-seq and transcriptome data showed that DCs immune infiltration was higher in the CRSwNP group than in the control group. Three DC-related biomarkers (NR4A1, CLEC4G, and CD163) were identified. In CRSwNP, NR4A1 expression decreased, whereas CLEC4G and CD163 expression increased. All biomarkers were shown to be involved in immunological and metabolic pathways by enrichment analysis. These biomarkers were associated with γδ T cells, effector memory CD4 + T cells, regulatory T cells, and immature DCs. According to pseudotime analysis, NR4A1 and CD163 expression decreased from high to low, whereas CLEC4G expression remained low. Conclusion We screened and identified potential DC-associated biomarkers of CRSwNP progression by integrating scRNA-seq with whole transcriptome sequencing. We analyzed the biological pathways in which they were involved, explored their molecular regulatory mechanisms and related drugs, and constructed ceRNA, TF-mRNA, and biomarker-drug networks to identify new CRSwNP treatment targets, laying the groundwork for the clinical management of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Katsnelson EN, Spengler A, Domenico J, Couts KL, Loh L, Gapin L, McCarter MD, Tobin RP. Dysfunctional states of unconventional T-cell subsets in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:36-46. [PMID: 37837379 PMCID: PMC10843843 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells represent a promising therapeutic agent to overcome the current limitations of immunotherapies due to their universal T-cell receptors, ability to respond directly to cytokine stimulation, and capacity to recruit and modulate conventional immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Like conventional T cells, unconventional T cells can enter a dysfunctional state, and the functional differences associated with this state may provide insight into the discrepancies observed in their role in antitumor immunity in various cancers. The exhaustive signature of unconventional T cells differs from conventional αβ T cells, and understanding the differences in the mechanisms underlying exhaustive differentiation in these cell types may aid in the discovery of new treatments to improve sustained antitumor responses. Ongoing clinical trials investigating therapies that leverage unconventional T-cell populations have shown success in treating hematologic malignancies and reducing the immunosuppressive tumor environment. However, several hurdles remain to extend these promising results into solid tumors. Here we discuss the current knowledge on unconventional T-cell function/dysfunction and consider how the incorporation of therapies that modulate unconventional T-cell exhaustion may aid in overcoming the current limitations of immunotherapy. Additionally, we discuss how components of the tumor microenvironment alter the functions of unconventional T cells and how these changes can affect tumor infiltration by lymphocytes and alter conventional T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Katsnelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Andrea Spengler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Joanne Domenico
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Kasey L. Couts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Richard P. Tobin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Jiang M, Yang Z, Dai J, Wu T, Jiao Z, Yu Y, Ning K, Chen W, Yang A. Intratumor microbiome: selective colonization in the tumor microenvironment and a vital regulator of tumor biology. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e376. [PMID: 37771912 PMCID: PMC10522974 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic microbiome has been proposed as a new hallmark of cancer. Intratumor microbiome has been revealed to play vital roles in regulating tumor initiation and progression, but the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. In this review, we illustrated that similar to other components in the tumor microenvironment, the reside and composition of intratumor microbiome are regulated by tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The intratumor hypoxic, immune suppressive, and highly permeable microenvironment may select certain microbiomes, and tumor cells may directly interact with microbiome via molecular binding or secretions. Conversely, the intratumor microbiomes plays vital roles in regulating tumor initiation and progression via regulating the mutational landscape, the function of genes in tumor cells and modulating the tumor microenvironment, including immunity, inflammation, angiogenesis, stem cell niche, etc. Moreover, intratumor microbiome is regulated by anti-cancer therapies and actively influences therapy response, which could be a therapeutic target or engineered to be a therapy weapon in the clinic. This review highlights the intratumor microbiome as a vital component in the tumor microenvironment, uncovers potential mutual regulatory mechanisms between the tumor microenvironment and intratumor microbiome, and points out the ongoing research directions and drawbacks of the research area, which should broaden our view of microbiome and enlighten further investigation directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Department of Intensive Care UnitSun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zan Jiao
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouP. R. China
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Orchestrating smart therapeutics to achieve optimal treatment in small cell lung cancer: recent progress and future directions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:468. [PMID: 37452395 PMCID: PMC10349514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with elusive mechanism of pathogenesis and dismal prognosis. Over the past decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has been the backbone treatment for SCLC. However, subsequent chemoresistance after initial effectiveness urges researchers to explore novel therapeutic targets of SCLC. Recent years have witnessed significant improvements in targeted therapy in SCLC. New molecular candidates such as Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related protein (ATR), WEE1, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) have shown promising therapeutic utility in SCLC. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has emerged as an indispensable treatment modality for SCLC, approaches to boost efficacy and reduce toxicity as well as selection of reliable biomarkers for ICI in SCLC have remained elusive and warrants our further investigation. Given the increasing importance of precision medicine in SCLC, optimal subtyping of SCLC using multi-omics have gradually applied into clinical practice, which may identify more drug targets and better tailor treatment strategies to each individual patient. The present review summarizes recent progress and future directions in SCLC. In addition to the emerging new therapeutics, we also focus on the establishment of predictive model for early detection of SCLC. More importantly, we also propose a multi-dimensional model in the prognosis of SCLC to ultimately attain the goal of accurate treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Number 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, China.
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