Electrochemical determination of dinitolmide in poultry product samples using a highly sensitive Mn2O3/MCNTs-NPs carbon paste electrode aided by greenness assessment tools

In this paper, chemically modified carbon paste Mn₂O₃/MCNTs-NPs electrode for estimation of dinitolmide (DOM) utilizing square wave voltammetry method (SWV) was developed. The study investigated the electrochemical behavior of DOM, and the morphology of the modified electrode was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The voltammetric behavior of DOM at modified electrode was recorded at a scan rate of 100 mVs^-1 against Ag/AgCl reference electrode in phosphate buffer pH 4.0 within linearity range 2-12 µM, LOQ, and LOD of 1.8 and 0.594 µM, respectively, with average % recovery of (100.89 ± 0.795). GAPI and Analytical Eco-Scale tools were applied for greenness assessment. Specificity and interference study was valid for the proposed method; allowing DOM to be determined in its acidic degradation and its major interference drug. The proposed method was successfully employed to quantify DOM in bulk powder, egg, and frozen cuts-up chicken muscle samples.

A screen printed methodology optimized by molecular dynamics simulation and Lean Six Sigma for the determination of xylometazoline in the presence of benzalkonium chloride in nasal drops

A new chemically disposable screen-printed modified electrode with yttrium doped manganese oxide (Mn2O3/Y2O3) nanocomposite at screen printed electrode was mainly constructed to quantify xylometazoline hydrochloride (XMZ). The crystallographic parameters were estimated from the XRD spectrum, suggesting that Mn₂O₃ of cubic phase with average grain size ∼ 77 nm. The SEM images revealed that Y³⁺ dopants had improved the surface topology. The findings indicate that morphological features play a vital role in improving the electronic properties of the fabricated electrode. Augmentation of Six Sigma (SS) with molecular dynamics simulation (MD) as a theoretical study was widely adopted to improve the current process as a quality management methodology by measuring the process capability to determine if the process meets the desired specification limits. Process capability is determined through measuring the variability in the process output and comparing these variations with the desired specifications. Also, it assures a robust method specification at a high level of targeted performance and statistical confidence. A greenness assessment procedure utilizing the eco-scale algorism was conducted to prove the greenness of the proposed methodology. Additionally, the proposed sensor presented a high sensitivity over the concentration range (1x10^-6-1x10^-2 mol L^-1) of a detection limit 3.93 × 10^-7 mol L^-1 with the Nernstian cationic slope of 58.18 ± 0.76 mV decade^-1 at 25 ± 1 °C.

Fabrication of an (α-Mn2O3:Co)-decorated CNT highly sensitive screen printed electrode for the optimization and electrochemical determination of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride using response surface methodology

A new chemically optimized screen-printed electrode modified with a cobalt-doped α-Mn2O3 nanostructure on carbon nanotube paste (α-Mn2O3:Co@CNTs) has been constructed for the recognition of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride. The prepared paste is based on the incorporation of oxide ion conductors, such as the α-Mn2O3 nanostructure with cobalt and ion pairs (tetraphenyl borate coupled with the drug), as electroactive species in the screen-printed electrode to increase the sensor surface area and decrease electrical resistance. The central composite design is a useful methodology for the estimation and modeling of the exact optimum parameters specifically designed for this process. This is a good way to graphically clarify the relationship between various experimental variables and the slope response. The proposed sensor, α-Mn2O3:Co@CNTs, possesses very good sensitivity and the ability to recognize the drug over the concentration range of 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-2 mol L-1 at 25 ± °C with a detection limit of 2.84 × 10-7 mol L-1. It exhibits a reproducible potential and stable linear response for six months at a Nernstian slope of 58.96 ± 0.76 mV per decade. The proposed electrode approach has been successfully applied in the direct determination of the drug in its pure and dosage forms.