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Alnadari F, Xue Y, Alsubhi NH, Alamoudi SA, Alwabli AS, Al-Quwaie DA, Saud Hamed Y, Muhammad Nasiru M, Ebrahim AA, El-Saadony MT, Pan F. Reusability of immobilized β-glucosidase on sodium alginate-coated magnetic nanoparticles and high productivity applications. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alnadari F, Xue Y, Almakas A, Mohedein A, Samie A, Abdel-Shafi M, Abdin M. Large batch production of Galactooligosaccharides using β-glucosidase immobilized on chitosan-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13589. [PMID: 33368567 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-glucosidase (BglA) immobilization from Thermotoga maritima on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with chitosan (Cs) were efficiently investigated to improve lactose conversion and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) production. We used a batch method in order to improve the conversion of lactose to GOS. The efficiency and yield of immobilization were 79% and immobilized BglA was effectively recycled via a magnetic separation procedure through a batch-wise GOS with no activity lessening. Furthermore, analyses were done through screening kinetics of enzyme activity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Proposed methodology of immobilization shows a potential application as it is stable which was proved through many methods including pH, temperature, heat treatment, storage, and kinetics of the enzyme. GOS and residual enzyme activity showed to be 28.76 and 40.44%, respectively. However, free enzyme synthesis of GOS yield was just 24% after 12 hr. This study proposed applying magnet in the immobilization process of BglA on Cs-MNPs to produce GOS as new method for immobilizing enzyme in a biostable and cost-efficient way. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper focus on immobilization of BglA from T. maritima onto MNPs functionalized with CS to investigate their further possibility improving lactose conversion and GOS production. Interestingly, a successful immobilization of Tm-BglA on the substrates were achieved in Cs-MNPs. The obtained results from enzyme activity, SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, and TEM showed that the high binding capacity of BglA to Cs-MNPs was successfully obtained. Furthermore, the binding efficiency calculation indicated that the immobilized BglA-Cs-MNPs conserved 40.44% of its native activity at the end of its 6th repeated use. In addition, magnetic separation technique was successfully employed for reuse of the immobilized BglA for repetitive batch-wise GOS without significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawze Alnadari
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yemin Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Aisha Almakas
- Department of Crops and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Amani Mohedein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Abdel Samie
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Agriculture Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Alnadari F, Xue Y, Zhou L, Hamed YS, Taha M, Foda MF. Immobilization of β-Glucosidase from Thermatoga maritima on Chitin-functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle via a Novel Thermostable Chitin-binding Domain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1663. [PMID: 32015452 PMCID: PMC6997207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is a powerful tool not only as a protective agent against harsh reaction conditions but also for the enhancement of enzyme activity, stability, reusability, and for the improvement of enzyme properties as well. Herein, immobilization of β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (Tm-β-Glu) on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with chitin (Ch) was investigated. This technology showed a novel thermostable chitin-binding domain (Tt-ChBD), which is more desirable in a wide range of large-scale applications. This exclusive approach was fabricated to improve the Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) production from a cheap and abundant by-product such as lactose through a novel green synthesis route. Additionally, SDS-PAGE, enzyme activity kinetics, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that among the immobilization strategies for Thermotoga maritime-β-Glucosidase thermostable chitin-binding domain (Tm-β-Glu-Tt-ChBD) on the attractive substrate; Ch-MNPs had the highest enzyme binding capacity and GOS production ratio when compared to the native enzyme. More interestingly, a magnetic separation technique was successfully employed in recycling the immobilized Tm-β-Glu for repetitive batch-wise GOS without significant loss or reduction of enzyme activity. This immobilization system displayed an operative stability status under various parameters, for instance, temperature, pH, thermal conditions, storage stabilities, and enzyme kinetics when compared with the native enzyme. Conclusively, the GOS yield and residual activity of the immobilized enzyme after the 10th cycles were 31.23% and 66%, respectively. Whereas the GOS yield from native enzyme synthesis was just 25% after 12 h in the first batch. This study recommends applying Tt-ChBD in the immobilization process of Tm-β-Glu on Ch-MNPs to produce a low-cost GOS as a new eco-friendly process besides increasing the biostability and efficiency of the immobilized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawze Alnadari
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yemin Xue
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yahya S Hamed
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.,Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Mohamed F Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
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Soluble Production, Characterization, and Structural Aesthetics of an Industrially Important Thermostable β-Glucosidase from Clostridium thermocellum in Escherichia coli. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9308593. [PMID: 31828148 PMCID: PMC6885295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9308593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to achieve high-level soluble expression and characterization of a thermostable industrially important enzyme, i.e., beta-glucosidase (BglA; EC: 3.2.1.21), from Clostridium thermocellum (C. thermocellum) by cloning in an Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system. BglA was expressed as a partially soluble component of total cellular protein (TCP) having a molecular weight of ∼53 kDa with 50% of it as soluble fraction. Purification in two steps, namely, heat inactivation and Ni-chromatography, yielded approximately 30% and 15% of BglA, respectively. The purified (∼98%) BglA enzyme showed promising activity against the salicin substrate having a Km of 19.83 mM and a Vmax of 0.12 μmol/min. The enzyme had an optimal temperature and pH of 50°C and 7.0, respectively, while retaining its catalytic activity up till 60°C and at pH 7. The optimized maximum expression level was attained in M9NG medium with lactose as an inducer. Circular dichroism revealed presence of alpha helix (43.50%) and small percentage of beta sheets (10.60%). Factors like high-end cellulolytic activity, fair thermal stability, stability against low pH, and ease of purification make BglA from C. thermocellum a potential candidate in industrial applications.
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Chatzikonstantinou AV, Gkantzou E, Thomou E, Chalmpes N, Lyra KM, Kontogianni VG, Spyrou K, Patila M, Gournis D, Stamatis H. Enzymatic Conversion of Oleuropein to Hydroxytyrosol Using Immobilized β-Glucosidase on Porous Carbon Cuboids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1166. [PMID: 31416273 PMCID: PMC6724098 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed novel β-glucosidase-based nano-biocatalysts for the bioconversion of oleuropein to hydroxytyrosol. Using non-covalent or covalent immobilization approaches, β-glucosidases from almonds and Thermotoga maritima were attached for the first time on oxidized and non-oxidized porous carbon cuboids (PCC). Various methods were used for the characterization of the bio-nanoconjugates, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The oxidation state of the nanο-support and the immobilization procedure play a key role for the immobilization efficiency or the catalytic activity of the immobilized β-glucosidases. The nano-biocatalysts were successfully used for the hydrolysis of oleuropein, which leads to the formation of its bioactive derivative, hydroxytyrosol (up to 2.4 g L-1), which is a phenolic compound with numerous health benefits. The bio-nanoconjugates exhibited high thermal and operational stability (up to 240 hours of repeated use), which indicated that they are efficient tools for various bio-transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elena Gkantzou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Thomou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kyriaki-Marina Lyra
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki G Kontogianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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