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Alzamami A, Alturki NA, Khan K, Basharat Z, Mashraqi MM. Screening inhibitors against the Ef-Tu of Fusobacterium nucleatum: a docking, ADMET and PBPK assessment study. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10815-x. [PMID: 38457020 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum has recently been associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial metastasis, chemoresistance, inflammation, metastasis, and DNA damage, along with several other diseases. This study aimed to explore the disruption of protein machinery of F. nucleatum via inhibition of elongation factor thermo unstable (Ef-Tu) protein, through natural products. No study on Ef-Tu inhibition by natural products or in Fusobacterium spp. exists till todate. Ef-Tu is an abundant specialized drug target in bacteria that varies from human Ef-Tu. Elfamycins target Ef-Tu and hence, Enacyloxin IIa was used to generate pharmacophore for virtual screening of three natural product libraries, Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS) (n = 30000 molecules), Tibetan medicinal plant database (n = 54 molecules) and African medicinal plant database (n > 6000 molecules). Peptaibol Septocylindrin B (NPC141050), Hirtusneanoside, and ZINC95486259 were prioritized from these libraries as potential therapeutic candidates. ADMET profiling was done for safety assessment, physiological-based pharmacokinetic modeling in human and mouse for getting insight into drug interaction with body tissues and molecular dynamics was used to assess stability of the best hit NPC141050 (Septocylindrin B). Based on the promising results, we propose further in vitro, in vivo and pharmacokinetic testing on the lead Septocylindrin B, for possible translation into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, 11961, Al-Quwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Alpha Genomics (Private) Limited, Islamabad, 45710, Pakistan.
| | - Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 61441, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
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Pereira-Dias L, Oliveira-Pinto PR, Fernandes JO, Regalado L, Mendes R, Teixeira C, Mariz-Ponte N, Gomes P, Santos C. Peptaibiotics: Harnessing the potential of microbial secondary metabolites for mitigation of plant pathogens. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108223. [PMID: 37536466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural systems are in need of low-cost, safe antibiotics to protect crops from pests and diseases. Peptaibiotics, a family of linear, membrane-active, amphipathic polypeptides, have been shown to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity, and to be inducers of plant resistance against a wide range of phytopathogens. Peptaibiotics belong to the new generation of alternatives to agrochemicals, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the One Health approach toward ensuring global food security and safety. Despite that, these fungi-derived, non-ribosomal peptides remain surprisingly understudied, especially in agriculture, where only a small number has been tested against a reduced number of phytopathogens. This lack of adoption stems from peptaibiotics' poor water solubility and the difficulty to synthesize and purify them in vitro, which compromises their delivery and inclusion in formulations. In this review, we offer a comprehensive analysis of peptaibiotics' classification, biosynthesis, relevance to plant protection, and mode of action against phytopathogens, along with the techniques enabling researchers to extract, purify, and elucidate their structure, and the databases holding such valuable data. It is also discussed how chemical synthesis and ionic liquids could increase their solubility, how genetic engineering and epigenetics could boost in vitro production, and how omics can reduce screenings' workload through in silico selection of the best candidates. These strategies could turn peptaibiotics into effective, ultra-specific, biodegradable tools for phytopathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pereira-Dias
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paulo R Oliveira-Pinto
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana O Fernandes
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Regalado
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Mendes
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Georgieva ML, Bilanenko EN, Ponizovskaya VB, Kokaeva LY, Georgiev AA, Efimenko TA, Markelova NN, Kuvarina AE, Sadykova VS. Haloalkalitolerant Fungi from Sediments of the Big Tambukan Saline Lake (Northern Caucasus): Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2587. [PMID: 37894245 PMCID: PMC10609068 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed a characterization of cultivated haloalkalitolerant fungi from the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake in order to assess their biodiversity and antimicrobial activity. This saline, slightly alkaline lake is known as a source of therapeutic sulfide mud used in sanatoria of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Russia. Though data on bacteria and algae observed in this lake are available in the literature, data on fungi adapted to the conditions of the lake are lacking. The diversity of haloalkalitolerant fungi was low and represented by ascomycetes of the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chordomyces, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Gibellulopsis, Myriodontium, Penicillium, and Pseudeurotium. Most of the fungi were characterized by moderate alkaline resistance, and they tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 10% w/v. The analysis of the antimicrobial activity of fungi showed that 87.5% of all strains were active against Bacillus subtilis, and 39.6% were also determined to be effective against Escherichia coli. The majority of the strains were also active against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, about 66.7% and 62.5%, respectively. These studies indicate, for the first time, the presence of polyextremotolerant fungi in the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake, which probably reflects their involvement in the formation of therapeutic muds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina L. Georgieva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elena N. Bilanenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Valeria B. Ponizovskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Lyudmila Y. Kokaeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
- Faculty of Soil Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A. Georgiev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Tatiana A. Efimenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Natalia N. Markelova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Anastasia E. Kuvarina
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Vera S. Sadykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
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Sousa TF, Vieira Reça BNP, Castro GS, da Silva IJS, Caniato FF, de Araújo Júnior MB, Yamagishi MEB, Koolen HHF, Bataglion GA, Hanada RE, da Silva GF. Trichoderma agriamazonicum sp. nov. (Hypocreaceae), a new ally in the control of phytopathogens. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127469. [PMID: 37543005 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The genus Trichoderma comprises more than 500 valid species and is commonly used in agriculture for the control of plant diseases. In the present study, a Trichoderma species isolated from Scleronema micranthum (Malvaceae) has been extensively characterized and the morphological and phylogenetic data support the proposition of a new fungal species herein named Trichoderma agriamazonicum. This species inhibited the mycelial growth of all the nine phytopathogens tested both by mycoparasitism and by the production of VOCs, with a highlight for the inhibition of Corynespora cassiicola and Colletotrichum spp. The VOCs produced by T. agriamazonicum were able to control Capsicum chinense fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum scovillei and no symptoms were observed after seven days of phytopathogen inoculation. GC-MS revealed the production of mainly 6-amyl-α-pyrone, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone during interaction with C. scovillei in C. chinense fruit. The HLPC-MS/MS analysis allowed us to annotate trikoningin KBII, hypocrenone C, 5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin and unprecedented 7-mer peptaibols and lipopeptaibols. Comparative genomic analysis of five related Trichoderma species reveals a high number of proteins shared only with T. koningiopsis, mainly the enzymes related to oxidative stress. Regarding the CAZyme composition, T. agriamazonicum is most closely related to T. atroviride. A high protein copy number related to lignin and chitin degradation is observed for all Trichoderma spp. analyzed, while the presence of licheninase GH12 was observed only in T. agriamazonicum. Genome mining analysis identified 33 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of which 27 are new or uncharacterized, and the main BGCs are related to the production of polyketides. These results demonstrate the potential of this newly described species for agriculture and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Fernandes Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, 69010-970 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nayara Pantoja Vieira Reça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Agricultura no Trópico Úmido (ATU), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69067-375 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Gleucinei Santos Castro
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), 690065-130 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ingride Jarline Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil; Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, 69010-970 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fátima Caniato
- Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Desenvolvimento Agrícola, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), 690065-130 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Giovana Anceski Bataglion
- Departamento de Química do Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rogério Eiji Hanada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69067-375 Manaus, Brazil.
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Morbiato L, Quaggia C, Menilli L, Dalla Torre C, Barbon A, De Zotti M. Synthesis, Conformational Analysis and Antitumor Activity of the Naturally Occurring Antimicrobial Medium-Length Peptaibol Pentadecaibin and Spin-Labeled Analogs Thereof. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13396. [PMID: 37686199 PMCID: PMC10487733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptaibols are proteolysis-resistant, membrane-active peptides. Their remarkably stable helical 3D-structures are key for their bioactivity. They can insert themselves into the lipid bilayer as barrel staves, or lay on its surface like carpets, depending on both their length and the thickness of the lipid bilayer. Medium-length peptaibols are of particular interest for studying the peptide-membrane interaction because their length allows them to adopt either orientation as a function of the membrane thickness, which, in turn, might even result in an enhanced selectivity. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the election technique used to this aim, but it requires the synthesis of spin-labeled medium-length peptaibols, which, in turn, is hampered by the poor reactivity of the Cα-tetrasubstituted residues featured in their sequences. After several years of trial and error, we are now able to give state-of-the-art advice for a successful synthesis of nitroxide-containing peptaibols, avoiding deleted sequences, side reactions and difficult purification steps. Herein, we describe our strategy and itsapplication to the synthesis of spin-labeled analogs of the recently discovered, natural, medium-length peptaibol pentadecaibin. We studied the antitumor activity of pentadecaibin and its analogs, finding potent cytotoxicity against human triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Finally, our analysis of the peptide conformational preferences and membrane interaction proved that pentadecaibinspin-labeling does not alter the biological features of the native sequence and is suitable for further EPR studies. The nitroxide-containing pentadecaibins, and their synthetic strategy described herein, will help to shed light on the mechanism of the peptide-membrane interaction of medium-length peptaibols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morbiato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Celeste Quaggia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Dalla Torre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (C.Q.); (C.D.T.); (A.B.)
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Lin X, Tang Z, Gan Y, Li Z, Luo X, Gao C, Zhao L, Chai L, Liu Y. 18-Residue Peptaibols Produced by the Sponge-Derived Trichoderma sp. GXIMD 01001. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:994-1002. [PMID: 36947873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seven new 18-residue peptaibols, trichorzins A-G (1-7), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Trichoderma sp. GXIMD 01001. Their structures and configurations were characterized by a comprehensive interpretation of the NMR spectroscopic data, MS/MS fragmentation, Marfey's method, and ECD analysis. The general sequences of trichorzins A-G are as follows: Ac-Aib1-Ala/Ser2-Ala3-Aib/Iva4-Iva5-Gln6-Aib/Iva7-Val/allo-Ile8-Aib9-Gly10-Leu11-Aib12-Pro13-Leu14-Aib15-Aib16-Gln17-Trpol/Pheol18. The obtained compounds were assessed for their potential antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. All obtained compounds did not show potent antibacterial activity but exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with the lowest IC50 values at 0.46-4.7 μM against four human carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou Tang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuman Gan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, People's Republic of China
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Characterization of Peptaibols Produced by a Marine Strain of the Fungus Trichoderma endophyticum via Mass Spectrometry, Genome Mining and Phylogeny-Based Prediction. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020221. [PMID: 36837841 PMCID: PMC9961477 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is recognized as a prolific producer of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) known as peptaibols, which have remarkable biological properties, such as antimicrobial and anticancer activities, as well as the ability to promote systemic resistance in plants against pathogens. In this study, the sequencing of 11-, 14- and 15-res peptaibols produced by a marine strain of Trichoderma isolated from the ascidian Botrylloides giganteus was performed via liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Identification, based on multilocus phylogeny, revealed that our isolate belongs to the species T. endophyticum, which has never been reported in marine environments. Through genome sequencing and genome mining, 53 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were identified as being related to bioactive natural products, including two NRP-synthetases: one responsible for the biosynthesis of 11- and 14-res peptaibols, and another for the biosynthesis of 15-res. Substrate prediction, based on phylogeny of the adenylation domains in combination with molecular networking, permitted extensive annotation of the mass spectra related to two new series of 15-res peptaibols, which are referred to herein as "endophytins". The analyses of synteny revealed that the origin of the 15-module peptaibol synthetase is related to 18, 19 and 20-module peptaibol synthetases, and suggests that the loss of modules may be a mechanism used by Trichoderma species for peptaibol diversification. This study demonstrates the importance of combining genome mining techniques, mass spectrometry analysis and molecular networks for the discovery of new natural products.
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Exploring Peptaibol's Profile, Antifungal, and Antitumor Activity of Emericellipsin A of Emericellopsis Species from Soda and Saline Soils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051736. [PMID: 35268835 PMCID: PMC8911692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Features of the biochemical adaptations of alkaliphilic fungi to exist in extreme environments could promote the production of active antibiotic compounds with the potential to control microorganisms, causing infections associated with health care. Thirty-eight alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant Emericellopsis strains (E. alkalina, E. cf. maritima, E. cf. terricola, Emericellopsis sp.) isolated from different saline soda soils and belonging to marine, terrestrial, and soda soil ecological clades were investigated for emericellipsin A (EmiA) biosynthesis, an antifungal peptaibol previously described for Emericellopsis alkalina. The analysis of the Emericellopsis sp. strains belonging to marine and terrestrial clades from chloride soils revealed another novel form with a mass of 1032.7 Da, defined by MALDI-TOF Ms/Ms spectrometers, as the EmiA lacked a hydroxyl (dEmiA). EmiA displayed strong inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and viability of HCT 116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners and induced apoptosis.
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