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Neurotoxic effects of aluminium exposure as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:439-450. [PMID: 35088386 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium is one of the most widely distributed elements of the Earth's crust. Its routine use has resulted in excessive human exposure and due to the potential neurotoxic effects has attained a huge interest in recent years. Despite its ubiquitous abundance, aluminium has no crucial biological functions in the human body. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory effects are attributed to its neurotoxic manifestations implicated in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we have discussed the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative events in the brain induced by aluminium exposure. We have highlighted the neurotoxic events caused by aluminium, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory events, calcium dyshomeostasis, Aβ deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the brain. In addition, the protective measures needed for prevention of aluminium-induced neuronal dysregulations have also been discussed.
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Natural antioxidants enhance the power of physical and mental activities versus risk factors inducing progression of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107729. [PMID: 33971493 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is exacerbated by social isolation (SI) and protein malnutrition (PM). Antioxidants, physical and mental activities (Ph&M) can maintain cognitive functions and protect against dementia. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Vitamin E (VE), Vitamin C (VC), and Selenium (Se), in enhancing the potential effect of Ph&M versus SI&PM as risk factors in the progression of AD in rats. METHODS Aluminum chloride (70 mg/kg, I.P for 5 weeks) was used to induce AD in rats that either normally fed or socially isolated and protein malnourished (SI&PM). Simultaneously, rats were weekly exposed to Ph&M either alone or in combination with EGCG (10 mg/kg, I.P), VC (400 mg/kg, P.O), VE (100 mg/kg, P.O), and Se (1 mg/kg, P.O). RESULTS The combination protocol of EGCG, VE, VC, and Se together with Ph&M significantly increased brain monoamines, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in AD, SI&PM and SI&PM/AD groups. Additionally, this regimen significantly mitigated brain acetylcholine esterase (ACHE), β-amyloid (Aβ), Tau protein, β-secretase, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) as well as DNA fragmentation. These biochemical findings were supported by the histopathological examinations of brain tissue. CONCLUSION The combination protocol of antioxidants with Ph&M activities mitigated SI&PM-induced progressive risk of AD.
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Mustafa HN. Neuro-amelioration of cinnamaldehyde in aluminum-induced Alzheimer’s disease rat model. J Histotechnol 2019; 43:11-20. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1652994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham N. Mustafa
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sadrtdinova II, Khizmatullina ZR. [Reactive changes in morphological and morphometric parameters of immunopositive astrocytes of the amygdala in response to hormone level in absence epilepsy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:61-66. [PMID: 30698546 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811810261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the changes in the morphological and morphometric parameters of immunopositive astrocytes of the amygdala in absence epilepsy depending on hormonal profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult female WAG/Rij rats were used as experimental subjects. The astrocytes were detected on serial sections using a reaction to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with pre-stained hematoxylin. Quantitative analysis was carried out for a 204.8´153.6 μm2 field of view. RESULTS In the control group, astrocytes had a relatively regular stellate form and GFAP was moderately expressed in their bodies and processes. The number of astrocytes was 18.20±2.87, and their area was 164±3.29 μm2. After ovariectomy, a high expression of the protein, both in the bodies and in the processes of astrocytes, increasing the cell size to 188.85±4.97 μm2 (p<0.05) was observed. The astrocytes increased to 34.55±3.03 (p<0.05). In addition, the deformation of the processes and their diffuse defibration were observed. After hormone replacement therapy, a decrease in GFAP expression was detected, the area of astrocytes became smaller in comparison with the group after ovariectomy: 173.54±5.48 μm2 (p<0.05). Morphological changes in glial cells were manifested as a decrease in the size of their bodies, the processes became smooth without diffuse sprouting and swelling, which is probably associated with neuroprotective functions of estradiol. CONCLUSION Thus, the results of our study demonstrated that the deficiency of female sex hormones led to the increase in both the amount and area of astrocytes in the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala, and hormone replacement therapy positively affected the structural and quantitative characteristics of astrocytes due to the endogenous protective role of estradiol.
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Mehpara Farhat S, Mahboob A, Ahmed T. Oral exposure to aluminum leads to reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression, severe neurodegeneration and impaired hippocampus dependent learning in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:310-318. [PMID: 30889993 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1587452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is known for its neurotoxicity for over a century and is reported to have specifically high toxicity for cholinergic system. The effect of Al on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is widely reported, but its effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is less well known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Al on hippocampus dependent learning and memory, function and expression of nAChRs in the hippocampus. Al concentration and neurodegeneration were also measured in the hippocampus following Al treatment. The mice were treated with 250 mg/kg AlCl3.6H2O in drinking water for a period of 42 days. Results show that Al treated animals have significantly reduced spatial reference memory as compared to control animals in Morris water maze test. Similarly, Al treated animals showed reduced contextual memory for Pavlovian fear compared to control animals. Al treated animals show higher anxiety in elevated plus maze as compared to control animals. The analysis of nAChR expression via RT-PCR showed reduced expression of α7, α4 and β2 nAChR gene expression in the hippocampus of Al treated animals. High Al accumulation was observed in Al-treated animals (688.14 ± 242.82 μg/g) compared to the control group (115.14 ± 18.18 μg/g) that resulted in severe neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. These results demonstrated that Al exposure caused neurotoxicity in mice hippocampus which is manifested by reduced memory and elevated anxiety. The results were further validated by high Al accumulation in the hippocampus, severe neurodegeneration and reduced expression of nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Mehpara Farhat
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamra Mahboob
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kirici M, Nedzvetsky VS, Agca CA, Gasso VY. Sublethal doses of copper sulphate initiate deregulation of glial cytoskeleton, NF-kB and PARP expression in Capoeta umbla brain tissue. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4∙5H2O) is widely used as a pesticide not only in agricultural but in aquaculture farming as well. Copper sulphate is a cheap chemical and able to contaminate the environment, especially water sources, which is crucial for fish harvesting and farming. The copper contamination in some areas is caused over decades because this pesticide has long been used everywhere. Copper ions inhibit invasive aquatic plants and many microorganisms but contaminate soil and natural water resources. The family of copper-containing chemicals is frequently used as algaecides in swimming pools. Despite the high toxicity of copper ions for fish in freshwater ponds, copper sulphate remains one of the prevalent pesticides in fish farming everywhere. High cytotoxicity and accumulation of the copper ions in sediments require study and calculation of the optimal dosage for its use as an antiseptic agent which will not have a detrimental effect on various tissue types of aquatic organisms. The main recognized mechanism which accompanies the toxic effect of copper ions is the generation of oxidative stress. Neural tissue cells are extremely susceptible to oxidative damage and the functions of the CNS are critical to the vitality of organisms. Glial cells maintain the structure and many vital functions of neurons. The cytoskeleton glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), transcriptional nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are critical participants in a cellular response to a toxic agent impact. As this takes place, it could be applied in biomarking of heavy metal toxicity. In the presented study, we investigated the effects of copper ions on PARP, NF-kB, and GFAP expression in the Tigris scraper Capoeta umbla brain tissue. For 96 hours the fish were exposed to copper sulphate at sublethal concentrations, namely 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 of the LD50 value. Western blot analysis of GFAP and PARP was used to assess further effects in the brain tissue. Every studied dose of copper significantly downregulated the expression of GFAP after 72 hours of treatment. In spite of the common increment in the GFAP content, 48 hours exposure to copper initiated the upregulation of that cytoskeleton marker. Moreover, treatment with copper sulphate induced several changes in the β-actin level, especially in the fish group treated for 72 hours. The observed effect of copper in the fish brain evidences the unspecific toxic effect of the copper ions in the brain tissue cells. The obtained results demonstrated meaningful disturbance in the expression of transcriptional factor NF-kB in the brain of the fish group exposed to copper. The changes found in the fish brain indicate the dose-dependent effect in a concentration range 185–740 µg/L of copper sulphate during 72 hours. However, the exposure to low dose of copper ions showed no effect in the fish group treated for 24 hours. Comparative analyses of the PARP content in the brain of fish exposed to copper for 72 hours was significantly less than in the groups treated with copper for both 24 and 48 hours. Thus, the copper ions in the dose range 185–740 µg/L can suppress PARP expression in a time-dependent manner. The results showed that copper ions could induce astroglial response accompanied by modulations of NF-kB and PARP-1 expression. The data obtained in this study suggest that copper sulphate has a significant effect on astrogliosis and DNA damage in the fish brain.
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Sadek KM, Lebda MA, Abouzed TK. The possible neuroprotective effects of melatonin in aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity via antioxidant pathway and Nrf2 signaling apart from metal chelation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9174-9183. [PMID: 30719664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) had well-identified adverse influences on the nervous system mainly through the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin works as an antioxidant through the inhibition of ROS and attenuating peroxidation of lipids. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a pivotal transcription factor which controls the transcription of antioxidant enzymes. This study was conducted to determine the potential neuroprophylactic impacts of melatonin in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-initiated neurotoxicity including potential mechanism(s) of action and relevant signaling in rats. Thirty-six male rats were distributed into 4 groups: Control; AlCl3 (50 mg/kg bwt, i.p, 3 times weekly for 3 months); melatonin (5 mg/kg bwt, i.p daily for 2 weeks before AlCl3 and sustained for the next 3 months); and melatonin with AlCl3. Neuronal alterations were histopathologically and biochemically evaluated. The neuronal antioxidant-related genes and relevant Nrf2 protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The current data showed a substantial increase in brain damage biomarkers, acetylecholinesterase (AchE) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content while the enzymatic antioxidant expression as glutathione-s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were substantially attenuated in the aluminum-treated group, with cleared histopathological changes as inflammatory cell infiltration with neuronal degeneration. Supplementation of melatonin resulted in an obvious amelioration in all previous abnormal alteration observed in AlCl3-treated rats rather than increased Al burden and/or altered Fe and Cu homeostasis with upregulating both total and phosphorylated Nrf2 expression. Therefore, the study concluded that melatonin has a potential ability to be neuroprophylactic against Al-induced neurotoxic effect and oxidative damage in the rat brain through upregulating and instigating Nrf2 signaling apart from metal chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
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Nayak P, Sharma SB, Chowdary NVS. Alpha-Tocopherol Supplementation Restricts Aluminium- and Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rat Brain but Fails to Protect Against Neurobehavioral Damage. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:257-268. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1451940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasunpriya Nayak
- Physiology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shiv Bhushan Sharma
- Physiology Department, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, India
| | - N V S Chowdary
- Biochemistry Department, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, India
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Effect of Intensive Exercise Training and Vitamin E Supplementation on the Content of Rat Brain-Drived Neurotrophic Factors. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.57298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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El-Saied FA, Salem TA, Shakdofa MM, Al-Hakimi AN. Anti-neurotoxic evaluation of synthetic and characterized metal complexes of thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathy A. El-Saied
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Qassim University; KSA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; El-Menoufia University; Shebin El-Kom Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine; Qassim University; Saudia Arabia
| | - Mohamad M.E. Shakdofa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais; University of Jeddah; Saudi Arabia
- Inorganic Chemistry Department; National Research Centre; P.O. 12622, Elbehothe st., Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed N. Al-Hakimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Qassim University; KSA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ibb University; Ibb Yemen
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11
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Sahin Z, Ozkaya A, Yilmaz O, Yuce A, Gunes M. Investigation of the role of α-lipoic acid on fatty acids profile, some minerals (zinc, copper, iron) and antioxidant activity against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:355-361. [PMID: 28306527 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA), a powerful antioxidant, on the fatty acid (FA) profiles, aluminum accumulation, antioxidant activity and some minerals such as zinc, copper and iron against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, LA, AlCl3 and LA+AlCl3. For 30 days, LA was intraperitoneally administrated (50 mg/kg) and AlCl3 was given via orogastric gavage (1600 ppm) every other day. RESULTS AlCl3-treated animals exhibited higher hepatic malondialdehyde concentration and lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity, whereas these alterations were restored by the LA supplementation. Total saturated FA of the AlCl3-treated group was higher than the LA supplementation groups. Moreover, total unsaturated FA level of the LA+AlCl3 group was higher than the AlCl3-treated group. Hepatic zinc level of the AlCl3-treated group was lower than the control group, whereas it was higher in the LA and the LA+AlCl3 groups. Hepatic copper levels did not significantly change in the experimental groups. Iron level was lower in the LA and LA+AlCl3 groups compared with the AlCl3-treated group. Moreover, the liver Al concentration was found to be lower in the LA and LA+AlCl3 groups compared to the AlCl3 group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AlCl3 treatment can induce oxidative stress in the liver. LA supplementation has a beneficial effect on the AlCl3-induced alterations such as high lipid peroxidation, Al accumulation, FA profile ratios and mineral concentrations.
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12
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Wang F, Guo RX, Li WX, Yu BF, Han B, Liu LX, Han DW. The role of intestinal endotoxemia in a rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627692 PMCID: PMC5562103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) in a rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity established by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). Adult Wistar rats were administered D‑galactose and AlCl3 to create the aluminum neurotoxicity model. The learning and memory abilities of the rats were subsequently observed using a Morris water maze test and the serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1, diamine oxidase (DAO), glutamine (Gln) and glutaminase were measured. The expression of S‑100β in the serum was detected using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of the amyloid β‑protein (Aβ) precursor (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), β‑site APP‑cleaving enzyme (BACE), zona occludens protein (ZO)‑1 and Aβ 1‑40 in the brain of rats were detected via reverse‑transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The levels of LPS, TNF‑α, IL‑1, DAO, Gln and S‑100β in serum and the mRNA and protein expression levels of APP, PS1, BACE and Aβ1‑40 in the brain were markedly increased in the model rats compared with controls. The level of glutaminase in the serum and the expression of ZO‑1 in the brain were decreased in the model rats compared with controls. IETM was present in the rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity established by D‑galactose and AlCl3 and may be important in the development of this neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Xia Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Bai Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- The Experimental Center of Science and Research, The First Hospital, Institute of Hepatopathy, Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - De-Wu Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Maya S, Prakash T, Madhu KD, Goli D. Multifaceted effects of aluminium in neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:746-754. [PMID: 27479193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is the most common metal and widely distributed in our environment. Al was first isolated as an element in 1827, and its use began only after 1886. Al is widely used for industrial applications and consumer products. Apart from these it is also used in cooking utensils and in pharmacological agents, including antacids and antiperspirants from which the element usually enters into the human body. Evidence for the neurotoxicity of Al is described in various studies, but still the exact mechanism of Al toxicity is not known. However, the evidence suggests that the Al can potentiate oxidative stress and inflammatory events and finally leads to cell death. Al is considered as a well-established neurotoxin and have a link between the exposure and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, Gulf war syndrome and Parkinsonism. Here, we review the detailed possible pathogenesis of Al neurotoxicity. This review summarizes Al induced events likewise oxidative stress, cell mediated toxicity, apoptosis, inflammatory events in the brain, glutamate toxicity, effects on calcium homeostasis, gene expression and Al induced Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. Apart from these we also discussed animal models that are commonly used for Al induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration studies. These models help to find out a better way to treat and prevent the progression in Al induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maya
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 107, Karnataka, India
| | - T Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Krishna Das Madhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 107, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Goli
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560 107, Karnataka, India
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Justin Thenmozhi A, William Raja TR, Manivasagam T, Janakiraman U, Essa MM. Hesperidin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis against aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:360-368. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1144846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608 002, India
| | - Tharsius Raja William Raja
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608 002, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608 002, India
| | - Udaiyappan Janakiraman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu 608 002, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Jangra A, Kasbe P, Pandey SN, Dwivedi S, Gurjar SS, Kwatra M, Mishra M, Venu AK, Sulakhiya K, Gogoi R, Sarma N, Bezbaruah BK, Lahkar M. Hesperidin and Silibinin Ameliorate Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity: Modulation of Antioxidants and Inflammatory Cytokines Level in Mice Hippocampus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:462-71. [PMID: 26018497 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that long-term aluminum exposure results in severe toxic effects, including neurobehavioral and neurochemical anomalies. The present study was performed to examine the neuroprotective potential of hesperidin and silibinin against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) was injected daily through oral gavage for 42 days. Concomitantly, hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and silibinin (100 and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered for 42 days in different groups. The extent of cognitive impairment was assessed by Morris water maze and novel object recognition test on the 43rd day. Neurotoxicity was assessed by measuring oxido-nitrosative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of mice. Six weeks treatment with AlCl3 caused cognitive impairment as indicated by an increase in the retention latency time and reduction in the percentage of recognition index. AlCl3-treated group showed oxido-nitrosative stress as indicated by increase in the level of lipid peroxidation, nitrite and depleted reduced glutathione, catalase activity in the hippocampus. Moreover, the chronic AlCl3 administration raised the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) level and increased acetylcholinesterase activity and reduced the BDNF content in the hippocampus of AlCl3-treated animals. However, chronic treatment with hesperidin and silibinin at higher doses significantly ameliorated the AlCl3-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal biochemical anomalies. The present study clearly indicated that hesperidin and silibinin exert neuroprotective effects against AlCl3-induced cognitive impairment and neurochemical changes. Amelioration of cognitive impairment may be attributed to the impediment of oxido-nitrosative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
| | - Prajapati Kasbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Surya Narayan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Shubham Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Satendra S Gurjar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Murli Mishra
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40576, USA
| | - Athira K Venu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Ranadeep Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Nitul Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Babul K Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
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Dayem SMAE, Ahmed HH, Metwally F, Foda FMA, Shalby AB, Zaazaa AM. Alpha-chymotrypcin ameliorates neuroinflammation and apoptosis characterizing Alzheimer's disease-induced in ovarictomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:477-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Yardan T, Baydin A, Acar E, Ulger F, Aygun D, Duzgun A, Nar R. The role of serum cholinesterase activity and S100B protein in the evaluation of organophosphate poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:1081-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112474850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum cholinesterase (SChE) activity and S100B protein in the evaluation of patients with acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning. Patients with acute OP poisoning admitted to the emergency department were included in this cross-sectional study. Twenty healthy volunteers served as controls. The SChE activity and serum S100B were determined on admission. Patients were divided into two groups (low severity and high severity). Thirty-six patients diagnosed with acute OP poisoning were enrolled. Serum S100B concentrations were higher in patients than in the control group ( p < 0.05). In the high-severity group, the SChE levels were lower and the S100Bs levels were higher than in the low-severity group. The SChE level was not different between survivors and nonsurvivors. S100B levels were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. According to receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cutoff value of serum S100B level to predict mortality was 236.5 pg/mL, with 71.4% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity. Our data suggest that initial SChE level is related to the clinical severity but not with mortality. S100B may be a useful marker in the assessment of clinical severity and prediction of mortality in acute OP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Yardan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A. Baydin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - E. Acar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - F. Ulger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - D. Aygun
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A. Duzgun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - R. Nar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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18
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Rahangadale S, Kurkure N, Prajapati B, Hedaoo V, Bhandarkar AG. Neuroprotective effect of vitamin e supplementation in wistar rat treated with acrylamide. Toxicol Int 2012; 19:1-8. [PMID: 22736895 PMCID: PMC3339238 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.94505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Male wistar rats (weighting 160-180 g) were divided into six groups of six animals per group. Groups A and F served as control. Groups B, C, D, and E received acrylamide at 20 mg/kg body weight for 28 days and groups C and E received additionally vitamin E (50 IU/kg body weight) for 1 to 28 days and 29 to 42 days of experiment, respectively. The animals from groups A, B, and C were sacrificed on day 28 of experiment and from groups D, E, and F on day 42 of experiment, respectively. The FOB (Functional Observational Battery) and histopathological changes were investigated at the end of 4th week and 6th week. FOB at the end of 4th week, of rats given acrylamide alone, or in combination with vitamin E, revealed a significant change in CNS, neuromuscular, and autonomic domains. A marked decrease in grip strength was recorded. A significant increase in foot splay, reduction in width and angle of sequential stride was noticed. Degenerative changes, necrosis, congestion, and kupffer cell proliferation in liver while vacuolar degenerative changes in tubular epithelium, coagulative necrosis, and hemorrhages in kidney were constant findings in acrylamide intoxicated rats. Neuronal degeneration, severe gliosis, congestion were found in brain. Spinal cord revealed demyelination. Acute microscopic softening of lumbar cord, bilateral necrosis with malacia and liquefaction of white matter, and loss of myelin from grey matter were seen. In the recovery period, vitamin E-treated rats revealed improvement in remyelination of spinal cord. In brain mild gliosis was seen. Thus, it appears that vitamin E is not able to protect them from acrylamide toxicity during active feeding, but after cessation of acrylamide feeding treatment with vitamin E revealed faster recovery as compared to the non-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Rahangadale
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur- 440 006, India
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Oğuz EO, Enli Y, Şahin B, Gönen C, Turgut G. Aluminium sulphate exposure increases oxidative stress and suppresses brain development in Ross broiler chicks. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR103-8. [PMID: 22367119 PMCID: PMC3560745 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aluminium (Al) is known to have neurotoxic effects that can result in oxidative damage to a range of cellular biomolecules. These effects appear to be of significance in the developmental stages of the brain. We therefore investigated the oxidative and histopathological damage induced by Al during growth and development of the chick brain. Material/Methods We used a chick embryonic development model, with Al treatment of 500 μg Al sulphate in 0.1 ml saline injected into the egg air chambers at the beginning of their incubation period. The effects on chick-brain growth and development were then assessed at term (day 21). Determination of malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were used as relevant biological measures for increased oxidative stress in terms of lipid peroxidation and biochemical oxidative damage, respectively. Furthermore, we also monitored neuronal degeneration as estimated stereologically using the Cavalieri brain volume estimation tool. Results This Al treatment showed significantly increased MDA levels and decreased GSH levels, as indicators of increased biochemical oxidative damage. This was accompanied by significantly decreased brain volume, as a measure of neuronal degeneration during brain development in this chick embryonic development model. Conclusions Exposure to Al during chick embryonic development results in increased oxidative stress in the brain that is accompanied by neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Oğuzhan Oğuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Silva LA, Pinho CA, Silveira PCL, Tuon T, De Souza CT, Dal-Pizzol F, Pinho RA. Vitamin E supplementation decreases muscular and oxidative damage but not inflammatory response induced by eccentric contraction. J Physiol Sci 2010; 60:51-7. [PMID: 19859781 PMCID: PMC10717099 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on muscular and oxidative damage, as well as the inflammatory response induced by eccentric exercise (EE) in humans. Twenty-one participants with a mean age of 22.5 +/- 4 years, weight of 68.2 +/- 4.9 kg, and height of 173 +/- 4.3 cm were selected and divided randomly into two groups: supplemented (S) (n = 11) and placebo (P) (n = 10). Fourteen days after starting supplementation, subjects performed EE (three sets until exhaustion with elbow flexion and extension on the Scott bench, 80% 1 RM). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 4, and 7 after EE. Muscle soreness (MS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels were determined. We measured a significant increase in MS, LDH, lipid peroxidation, and carbonylation in both groups on days 2, 4, and 7 after eccentric contractions (EC). Values of the supplement group were lower than those of the placebo group at 4 and 7 days after EC in all parameters. Both groups showed significantly increased TNF-alpha on the second day and IL-10 concentration on the fourth and seventh days after EE. The results suggest that vitamin E supplementation represents an important factor in the defense against oxidative stress and muscle damage but not against the inflammatory response in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A. Silva
- Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Cleber A. Pinho
- Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Paulo C. L. Silveira
- Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Talita Tuon
- Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Claudio T. De Souza
- Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Physiopathology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. Pinho
- Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC Brazil
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