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Vendrov AE, Stevenson MD, Lozhkin A, Hayami T, Holland NA, Yang X, Moss N, Pan H, Wickline SA, Stockand JD, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR, Arendshorst WJ. Renal NOXA1/NOX1 Signaling Regulates Epithelial Sodium Channel and Sodium Retention in Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:550-566. [PMID: 34714114 PMCID: PMC8978567 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aims: NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension in chronic kidney disease patients. Genetic deletion of NOX activator 1 (Noxa1) subunit of NOX1 decreases ROS under pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the role of NOXA1-dependent NOX1 activity in the pathogenesis of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension (AIH) and possible involvement of abnormal renal function. Results: NOXA1 is present in epithelial cells of Henle's thick ascending limb and distal nephron. Telemetry showed lower basal systolic blood pressure (BP) in Noxa1-/-versus wild-type mice. Ang II infusion for 1 and 14 days increased NOXA1/NOX1 expression and ROS in kidney of male but not female wild-type mice. Mean BP increased 30 mmHg in wild-type males, with smaller increases in Noxa1-deficient males and wild-type or Noxa1-/- females. In response to an acute salt load, Na+ excretion was similar in wild-type and Noxa1-/- mice before and 14 days after Ang II infusion. However, Na+ excretion was delayed after 1-2 days of Ang II in male wild-type versus Noxa1-/- mice. Ang II increased epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) levels and activation in the collecting duct principal epithelial cells of wild-type but not Noxa1-/- mice. Aldosterone induced ROS levels and Noxa1 and Scnn1a expression and ENaC activity in a mouse renal epithelial cell line, responses abolished by Noxa1 small-interfering RNA. Innovation and Conclusion: Ang II activation of renal NOXA1/NOX1-dependent ROS enhances tubular ENaC expression and Na+ reabsorption, leading to increased BP. Attenuation of AIH in females is attributed to weaker NOXA1/NOX1-dependent ROS signaling and efficient natriuresis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 550-566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr E Vendrov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark D Stevenson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Takayuki Hayami
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Moss
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - James D Stockand
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William J Arendshorst
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Harvey AP, Montezano AC, Hood KY, Lopes RA, Rios F, Ceravolo G, Graham D, Touyz RM. Vascular dysfunction and fibrosis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats: The aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor-Nox1 axis. Life Sci 2017; 179:110-119. [PMID: 28478264 PMCID: PMC5446265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We questioned whether aldosterone and oxidative stress play a role in vascular damage in severe hypertension and investigated the role of Nox1 in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied mesenteric arteries, aortas and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from WKY and SHRSP rats. Vascular effects of eplerenone or canrenoic acid (CA) (mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockers), ML171 (Nox1 inhibitor) and EHT1864 (Rac1/2 inhibitor) were assessed. Nox1-knockout mice were also studied. Vessels and VSMCs were probed for Noxs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-fibrotic/inflammatory signaling. KEY FINDINGS Blood pressure and plasma levels of aldosterone and galectin-3 were increased in SHRSP versus WKY. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was decreased (61% vs 115%) and phenylephrine-induced contraction increased in SHRSP versus WKY (Emax 132.8% vs 96.9%, p<0.05). Eplerenone, ML171 and EHT1864 attenuated hypercontractility in SHRSP. Vascular expression of collagen, fibronectin, TGFβ, MCP-1, RANTES, MMP2, MMP9 and p66Shc was increased in SHRSP versus WKY. These changes were associated with increased ROS generation, 3-nitrotyrosine expression and Nox1 upregulation. Activation of vascular p66Shc and increased expression of Nox1 and collagen I were prevented by CA in SHRSP. Nox1 expression was increased in aldosterone-stimulated WKY VSMCs, an effect that was amplified in SHRSP VSMCs (5.2vs9.9 fold-increase). ML171 prevented aldosterone-induced VSMC Nox1-ROS production. Aldosterone increased vascular expression of fibronectin and PAI-1 in wild-type mice but not in Nox1-knockout mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that aldosterone, which is increased in SHRSP, induces vascular damage through MR-Nox1-p66Shc-mediated processes that modulate pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Y Hood
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rheure A Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graziela Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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3
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Kellner M, Noonepalle S, Lu Q, Srivastava A, Zemskov E, Black SM. ROS Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:105-137. [PMID: 29047084 PMCID: PMC7120947 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role for the maintenance of cellular processes and functions in the body. However, the excessive generation of oxygen radicals under pathological conditions such as acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to increased endothelial permeability. Within this hallmark of ALI and ARDS, vascular microvessels lose their junctional integrity and show increased myosin contractions that promote the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the transition of solutes and fluids in the alveolar lumen. These processes all have a redox component, and this chapter focuses on the role played by ROS during the development of ALI/ARDS. We discuss the origins of ROS within the cell, cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, the role of ROS in the development of endothelial permeability, and potential therapies targeted at oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kellner
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Satish Noonepalle
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Anup Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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4
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Zhang R, Pan Y, Fanelli V, Wu S, Luo AA, Islam D, Han B, Mao P, Ghazarian M, Zeng W, Spieth PM, Wang D, Khang J, Mo H, Liu X, Uhlig S, Liu M, Laffey J, Slutsky AS, Li Y, Zhang H. Mechanical Stress and the Induction of Lung Fibrosis via the Midkine Signaling Pathway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:315-23. [PMID: 25945397 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201412-2326oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been widely used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the ARDS mortality rate remains unacceptably high and there is no proven pharmacologic therapy. OBJECTIVES Mechanical ventilation can induce oxidative stress and lung fibrosis, which may contribute to high dependency on ventilator support and increased ARDS mortality. We hypothesized that the novel cytokine, midkine (MK), which can be up-regulated in oxidative stress, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ARDS-associated lung fibrosis. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 17 patients with ARDS and 10 healthy donors. Human lung epithelial cells were challenged with hydrogen chloride followed by mechanical stretch for 72 hours. Wild-type and MK gene-deficient (MK(-/-)) mice received two-hit injury of acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation, and were monitored for 14 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma concentrations of MK were higher in patients with ARDS than in healthy volunteers. Exposure to mechanical stretch of lung epithelial cells led to an epithelial-mesenchymal transition profile associated with increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, which was attenuated by silencing MK, its receptor Notch2, or NADP reduced oxidase 1. An increase in collagen deposition and hydroxyproline level and a decrease in lung tissue compliance seen in wild-type mice were largely attenuated in MK(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical stretch can induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype mediated by the MK-Notch2-angiotensin-converting enzyme signaling pathway, contributing to lung remodeling. The MK pathway is a potential therapeutic target in the context of ARDS-associated lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Pan
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vito Fanelli
- 2 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Ospedale Molinette, Turin, Italy.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sulong Wu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alice Aili Luo
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Islam
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Han
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pu Mao
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirna Ghazarian
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenmei Zeng
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Spieth
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dingyan Wang
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Khang
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyin Mo
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- 5 Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; and
| | | | - John Laffey
- 3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Department of Physiology.,7 Department of Anesthesia, and.,8 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,8 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yimin Li
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,3 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Department of Physiology.,7 Department of Anesthesia, and.,8 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Abstract
NADPH oxidase5 (Nox5) is a novel Nox isoform which has recently been recognized as having important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, fetal ventricular septal defect and cancer. The activity of Nox5 and production of reactive oxygen species is regulated by intracellular calcium levels and phosphorylation. However, the kinases that phosphorylate Nox5 remain poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the phosphorylation of Nox5 is PKC dependent, but this contention was based on the use of pharmacological inhibitors and the isoforms of PKC involved remain unknown. Thus, the major goals of this study were to determine whether PKC can directly regulate Nox5 phosphorylation and activity, to identify which isoforms are involved in the process, and to understand the functional significance of this pathway in disease. We found that a relatively specific PKCα inhibitor, Ro-32-0432, dose-dependently inhibited PMA-induced superoxide production from Nox5. PMA-stimulated Nox5 activity was significantly reduced in cells with genetic silencing of PKCα and PKCε, enhanced by loss of PKCδ and the silencing of PKCθ expression was without effect. A constitutively active form of PKCα robustly increased basal and PMA-stimulated Nox5 activity and promoted the phosphorylation of Nox5 on Ser490, Thr494, and Ser498. In contrast, constitutively active PKCε potently inhibited both basal and PMA-dependent Nox5 activity. Co-IP and in vitro kinase assay experiments demonstrated that PKCα directly binds to Nox5 and modifies Nox5 phosphorylation and activity. Exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose significantly increased PKCα activation, and enhanced Nox5 derived superoxide in a manner that was in prevented by a PKCα inhibitor, Go 6976. In summary, our study reveals that PKCα is the primary isoform mediating the activation of Nox5 and this maybe of significance in our understanding of the vascular complications of diabetes and other diseases with increased ROS production.
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6
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Reactive oxygen species, Nox and angiotensin II in angiogenesis: implications for retinopathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:597-615. [PMID: 23379642 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is a key feature of many diseases including retinopathies such as ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) and DR (diabetic retinopathy). There is considerable evidence that increased production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in the retina participates in retinal angiogenesis, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood. ROS is produced by a number of pathways, including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytochrome P450, xanthine oxidase and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. The family of NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are likely to be important given that their primary function is to produce ROS. Seven isoforms of Nox have been identified named Nox1-5, Duox (dual oxidase) 1 and Duox2. Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 have been most extensively studied and are implicated in the development of conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 participate in pathological angiogenesis; however, there is no clear consensus about which Nox isoform is primarily responsible. In terms of retinopathy, there is growing evidence that Nox contribute to vascular injury. The RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system), and particularly AngII (angiotensin II), is a key stimulator of Nox. It is known that a local RAAS exists in the retina and that blockade of AngII and aldosterone attenuate pathological angiogenesis in the retina. Whether the RAAS influences the production of ROS derived from Nox in retinopathy is yet to be fully determined. These topics will be reviewed with a particular emphasis on ROP and DR.
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7
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Cosentino-Gomes D, Rocco-Machado N, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Cell signaling through protein kinase C oxidation and activation. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10697-10721. [PMID: 23109817 PMCID: PMC3472709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing importance of cellular signaling mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteins that are reversibly modulated by these reactant molecules are of high interest. In this context, protein kinases and phosphatases, which act coordinately in the regulation of signal transduction through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins, have been described to be key elements in ROS-mediated signaling events. The major mechanism by which these proteins may be modified by oxidation involves the presence of key redox-sensitive cysteine residues. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. These proteins have been shown to contain a unique structural feature that is susceptible to oxidative modification. A large number of scientific studies have highlighted the importance of ROS as a second messenger in numerous cellular processes, including cell proliferation, gene expression, adhesion, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. In this context, the goal of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which PKCs are modulated by ROS and how these processes are involved in the cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cosentino-Gomes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.R.-M.); (J.R.M.-F.)
- Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-6781; Fax: +55-21-2270-8647
| | - Nathália Rocco-Machado
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.R.-M.); (J.R.M.-F.)
- Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.R.-M.); (J.R.M.-F.)
- Institute of National Science and Technology of Structural Biology and Bioimage (INCTBEB), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Queisser N, Schupp N. Aldosterone, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation in hypertension-related cardiovascular and renal diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:314-27. [PMID: 22609249 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone regulates electrolyte and fluid balance and is involved in blood pressure homoeostasis. Classically, it binds to its intracellular mineralocorticoid receptor to induce expression of proteins influencing the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal nephron. Aldosterone gained special attention when large clinical studies showed that blocking its receptor in patients with cardiovascular diseases reduced their mortality. These patients present increased plasma aldosterone levels. The exact mechanisms of the potential toxic effects of aldosterone leading to cardiovascular damage are not known yet. The observation of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in hyperaldosteronism implied the generation of oxidative stress by aldosterone. Subsequent studies confirmed the increase of oxidative stress markers in patients with chronic heart failure and in animal models of hyperaldosteronism. The effects of reactive oxygen species have been related to the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB. This review summarizes the present-day knowledge of aldosterone-induced oxidative stress and NF-κB activation in humans and different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Queisser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Shi G, Fu Y, Jiang W, Yin A, Feng M, Wu Y, Kawai Y, Miyamori I, Fan C. Activation of Src-ATF1 pathway is involved in upregulation of Nox1, a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, by aldosterone. Endocr J 2011; 58:491-9. [PMID: 21505267 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we mainly focused on how aldosterone regulates Nox1, a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We found that aldosterone can induce the expression of Nox1, which is upregulated by the activation of the Src and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), but can not be suppressed by the inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP). Aldosterone triggers ATF1 phosphorylation in dose dependent fashion, but this effect is not blocked by actinomycin D, suggesting a non-genomic effect of aldosterone. On the other hand, aldosterone induced Nox1 expression can be suppressed by the gene silencing of the ATF1 using RNA interference. Furthermore, silencing ATF1 can also attenuate aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production and protein synthesis, and inhibit hypertrophy in this vascular cell lineage. In short, our results primarily unveiled the relationship between aldosterone and Nox1 expression and the regulation mechanism of their signal pathways in the hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cell. Src, ATF1, Nox1 and MR are likely efficient targets in the treating of vascular diseases but need more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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