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Patras L, Banciu M. Intercellular Crosstalk Via Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Milieu as Emerging Therapies for Cancer Progression. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1980-2006. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701143845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
:Increasing evidence has suggested that extracellular vesicles (EV) mediated bidirectional transfer of functional molecules (such as proteins, different types of RNA, and lipids) between cancer cells and tumor stromal cells (immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stem cells) and strongly contributed to the reinforcement of cancer progression. Thus, intercellular EV-mediated signaling in tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential in the modulation of all processes that support and promote tumor development like immune suppression, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and resistance of tumor cells to anticancer treatments.:Besides EV potential to revolutionize our understanding of the cancer cell-stromal cells crosstalk in TME, their ability to selectively transfer different cargos to recipient cells has created excitement in the field of tumortargeted delivery of specific molecules for anticancer treatments. Therefore, in tight connection with previous findings, this review brought insight into the dual role of EV in modulation of TME. Thus, on one side EV create a favorable phenotype of tumor stromal cells for tumor progression; however, as a future new class of anticancer drug delivery systems EV could re-educate the TME to overcome main supportive processes for malignancy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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2
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Abstract
Exosomes are a kind of cell-released membrane-form structures which contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These vesicular organelles play a key role in intercellular communication. Numerous experiments demonstrated that tumor-related exosomes (TEXs) can induce immune surveillance in the microenvironment in vivo and in vitro. They can interfere with the maturation of DC cells, impair NK cell activation, induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and educate macrophages into protumor phenotype. They can also selectively induce effector T cell apoptosis via Fas/FasL interaction and enhance regulatory T cell proliferation and function by releasing TGF-β. In this review, we focus on the TEX-induced immunosuppression and microenvironment change. Based on the truth that TEXs play crucial roles in suppressing the immune system, studies on modification of exosomes as immunotherapy strategies will also be discussed.
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German SV, Navolokin NA, Kuznetsova NR, Zuev VV, Inozemtseva OA, Anis'kov AA, Volkova EK, Bucharskaya AB, Maslyakova GN, Fakhrullin RF, Terentyuk GS, Vodovozova EL, Gorin DA. Liposomes loaded with hydrophilic magnetite nanoparticles: Preparation and application as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:109-115. [PMID: 26241922 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fluid-loaded liposomes (MFLs) were fabricated using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and natural phospholipids via the thin film hydration method followed by extrusion. The size distribution and composition of MFLs were studied using dynamic light scattering and spectrophotometry. The effective ranges of magnetite concentration in MNPs hydrosol and MFLs for contrasting at both T2 and T1 relaxation were determined. On T2 weighted images, the MFLs effectively increased the contrast if compared with MNPs hydrosol, while on T1 weighted images, MNPs hydrosol contrasting was more efficient than that of MFLs. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrasting properties of MFLs and their effects on tumor and normal tissues morphology, were investigated in rats with transplanted renal cell carcinoma upon intratumoral administration of MFLs. No significant morphological changes in rat internal organs upon intratumoral injection of MFLs were detected, suggesting that the liposomes are relatively safe and can be used as the potential contrasting agents for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V German
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - N A Navolokin
- Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - N R Kuznetsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Zuev
- Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - A A Anis'kov
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - E K Volkova
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - G N Maslyakova
- Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - R F Fakhrullin
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - G S Terentyuk
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - E L Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Gorin
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
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4
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Felice B, Prabhakaran MP, Rodríguez AP, Ramakrishna S. Drug delivery vehicles on a nano-engineering perspective. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:178-95. [PMID: 24907751 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoengineered drug delivery systems (nDDS) have been successfully used as clinical tools for not only modulation of pharmacological drug release profile but also specific targeting of diseased tissues. Until now, encapsulation of anti-cancer molecules such as paclitaxel, vincristin and doxorubicin has been the main target of nDDS, whereby liposomes and polymer-drug conjugates remained as the most popular group of nDDS used for this purpose. The success reached by these nanocarriers can be imitated by careful selection and optimization of the different factors that affect drug release profile (i.e. type of biomaterial, size, system architecture, and biodegradability mechanisms) along with the selection of an appropriate manufacture technique that does not compromise the desired release profile, while it also offers possibilities to scale up for future industrialization. This review focuses from an engineering perspective on the different parameters that should be considered before and during the design of new nDDS, and the different manufacturing techniques available, in such a way to ensure success in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betiana Felice
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1800, Tucumán, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; START - Thrust 3, Create Research Wing, #03-08, 1 Create Way, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602
| | - Molamma P Prabhakaran
- START - Thrust 3, Create Research Wing, #03-08, 1 Create Way, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602.
| | - Andrea P Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1800, Tucumán, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- START - Thrust 3, Create Research Wing, #03-08, 1 Create Way, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Current first-line treatments for most cancers feature a short-list of highly potent and often target-blind interventions, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical excision. These treatments wreak considerable havoc upon non-cancerous tissue and organs, resulting in deleterious and sometimes fatal side effects for the patient. In response, this past decade has witnessed the robust emergence of nanoparticles and, more relevantly, nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDS), widely touted as the panacea of cancer therapeutics. While not a cure, nanoparticle DDS can successfully negotiate the clinical payoff between drug dosage and side effects by encompassing target-specific drug delivery strategies. The expanding library of nanoparticles includes lipoproteins, liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, metal and metal oxide nano-spheres and -rods, and carbon nanotubes, so do the modes of delivery. Importantly, however, the pharmaco-dynamics and –kinetics of these nano-complexes remain an urgent issue and a serious bottleneck in the transition from bench to bedside. This review addresses the rise of nanoparticle DDS platforms for cancer and explores concepts of gene/drug delivery and cytotoxicity in pre-clinical and clinical contexts.
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Samoshin AV, Veselov IS, Chertkov VA, Yaroslavov AA, Grishina GV, Samoshina NM, Samoshin VV. Fliposomes: new amphiphiles based on trans-3,4-bis(acyloxy)-piperidine able to perform a pH-triggered conformational flip and cause an instant cargo release from liposomes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reuel NF, Mu B, Zhang J, Hinckley A, Strano MS. Nanoengineered glycan sensors enabling native glycoprofiling for medicinal applications: towards profiling glycoproteins without labeling or liberation steps. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 41:5744-79. [PMID: 22868627 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoengineered glycan sensors may help realize the long-held goal of accurate and rapid glycoprotein profiling without labeling or glycan liberation steps. Current methods of profiling oligosaccharides displayed on protein surfaces, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and microarray methods, are limited by sample pretreatment and quantitative accuracy. Microarrayed platforms can be improved with methods that better estimate kinetic parameters rather than simply reporting relative binding information. These quantitative glycan sensors are enabled by an emerging class of nanoengineered materials that differ in their mode of signal transduction from traditional methods. Platforms that respond to mass changes include a quartz crystal microbalance and cantilever sensors. Electronic response can be detected from electrochemical, field effect transistor, and pore impedance sensors. Optical methods include fluorescent frontal affinity chromatography, surface plasmon resonance methods, and fluorescent carbon nanotubes. After a very brief primer on glycobiology and its connection to medicine, these emerging systems are critically reviewed for their potential use as core sensors in future glycoprofiling tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel F Reuel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Lipophilicity of flavonoid complexes with iron(II) and their interaction with liposomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:680-5. [PMID: 23357424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied complex formation of flavonoids quercetin and taxifolin with iron(II) and the complex influence on phase transitions of phospholipid bilayer. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that the stoichiometry of flavonoid/iron complexes was equal to 3:2 and 2:1. Molecular modeling and experimental measurements demonstrated the increase of flavonoids lipophilicity after the complex formation. A considerable influence of quercetin-iron complex on Palmitoyl-Oleoyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine transitions from bilayer to hexagonal HII phase was detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The obtained data are related to flavonoid/iron complexes bioavailability, their influence on cell membrane functioning, and should be considered in designing liposomal vehicles for drug and gene delivery.
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Pierrat P, Laverny G, Creusat G, Wehrung P, Strub JM, VanDorsselaer A, Pons F, Zuber G, Lebeau L. Phospholipid-Detergent Conjugates as Novel Tools for siRNA Delivery. Chemistry 2013; 19:2344-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Advanced materials and processing for drug delivery: the past and the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:104-20. [PMID: 23088863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of efficient drug delivery systems are of vital importance for medicine and healthcare. Materials innovation and nanotechnology have synergistically fueled the advancement of drug delivery. Innovation in material chemistry allows the generation of biodegradable, biocompatible, environment-responsive, and targeted delivery systems. Nanotechnology enables control over size, shape and multi-functionality of particulate drug delivery systems. In this review, we focus on the materials innovation and processing of drug delivery systems and how these advances have shaped the past and may influence the future of drug delivery.
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Application of Collagen-Model Triple-Helical Peptide-Amphiphiles for CD44-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:592602. [PMID: 23213537 PMCID: PMC3505660 DOI: 10.1155/2012/592602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment by chemotherapy is typically accompanied by deleterious side effects, attributed to the toxic action of chemotherapeutics on proliferating cells from nontumor tissues. The cell surface proteoglycan CD44 has been recognized as a cancer stem cell marker. The present study has examined CD44 targeting as a way to selectively deliver therapeutic agents encapsulated inside colloidal delivery systems. CD44/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binds to a triple-helical sequence derived from type IV collagen, α1(IV)1263–1277. We have assembled a peptide-amphiphile (PA) in which α1(IV)1263–1277 was sandwiched between 4 repeats of Gly-Pro-4-hydroxyproline and conjugated to palmitic acid. The PA was incorporated into liposomes composed of DSPG, DSPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG-2000 (1 : 4 : 5 : 0.5). Doxorubicin-(DOX-)loaded liposomes with and without 10% α1(IV)1263–1277 PA were found to exhibit similar stability profiles. Incubation of DOX-loaded targeted liposomes with metastatic melanoma M14#5 and M15#11 cells and BJ fibroblasts resulted in IC50 values of 9.8, 9.3, and >100 μM, respectively. Nontargeted liposomes were considerably less efficacious for M14#5 cells. In the CD44+ B16F10 mouse melanoma model, CD44-targeted liposomes reduced the tumor size to 60% of that of the untreated control, whereas nontargeted liposomes were ineffective. These results suggest that PA targeted liposomes may represent a new class of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems.
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Jain AK, Agarwal A, Agrawal H, Agrawal GP. Double-Liposome – Based Dual-Drug Delivery System as Vectors for Effective Management of Peptic Ulcer. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:205-14. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.655284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Liu X, Zheng Y, Samoshina NM, Franz AH, Guo X, Samoshin VV. Fliposomes: pH-triggered conformational flip of newtrans-2-aminocyclohexanol-based amphiphiles causes instant cargo release in liposomes. J Liposome Res 2012; 22:319-28. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.698420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Edupuganti OP, Ovsepian SV, Wang J, Zurawski TH, Schmidt JJ, Smith L, Lawrence GW, Dolly JO. Targeted delivery into motor nerve terminals of inhibitors for SNARE-cleaving proteases via liposomes coupled to an atoxic botulinum neurotoxin. FEBS J 2012; 279:2555-67. [PMID: 22607388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A targeted drug carrier (TDC) is described for transferring functional proteins or peptides into motor nerve terminals, a pivotal locus for therapeutics to treat neuromuscular disorders. It exploits the pronounced selectivity of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) for interacting with acceptors on these cholinergic nerve endings and becoming internalized. The gene encoding an innocuous BoNT/B protease-inactive mutant (BoTIM) was fused to that for core streptavidin, expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified protein was conjugated to surface-biotinylated liposomes. Such decorated liposomes, loaded with fluorescein as traceable cargo, acquired pronounced specificity for motor nerve terminals in isolated mouse hemidiaphragms and facilitated the intraneuronal transfer of the fluor, as revealed by confocal microscopy. Delivery of the protease light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) via this TDC accelerated the onset of neuromuscular paralysis, indicative of improved translocation of this enzyme into the presynaptic cytosol with subsequent proteolytic inactivation of synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular mass 25 kDa (SNAP-25), an exocytotic soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) essential for neurotransmitter release. BoTIM-coupled liposomes, loaded with peptide inhibitors of proteases, yielded considerable attenuation of the neuroparalytic effects of BoNT/A or BoNT/F as a result of their cytosolic transfer, the first in situ demonstration of the ability of designer antiproteases to suppress the symptoms of botulism ex vivo. Delivery of the BoNT/A inhibitor by liposomes targeted with the full-length BoTIM proved more effective than that mediated by its C-terminal neuroacceptor-binding domain. This demonstrated versatility of TDC for nonviral cargo transfer into cholinergic nerve endings has unveiled its potential for direct delivery of functional targets into motor nerve endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Edupuganti
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Abstract
Background Over the last two decades, lipid compartments (liposomes, lipid-coated droplets) have been extensively used as in vitro "minimal" cell models. In particular, simple and complex biomolecular reactions have been carried out inside these self-assembled micro- and nano-sized compartments, leading to the synthesis of RNA and functional proteins inside liposomes. Despite this experimental progress, a detailed physical understanding of the underlying dynamics is missing. In particular, the combination of solute compartmentalization, reactivity and stochastic effects has not yet been clarified. A combination of experimental and computational approaches can reveal interesting mechanisms governing the behavior of micro compartmentalized systems, in particular by highlighting the intrinsic stochastic diversity within a population of "synthetic cells". Methods In this context, we have developed a computational platform called ENVIRONMENT suitable for studying the stochastic time evolution of reacting lipid compartments. This software - which implements a Gillespie Algorithm - is an improvement over a previous program that simulated the stochastic time evolution of homogeneous, fixed-volume, chemically reacting systems, extending it to more general conditions in which a collection of similar such systems interact and change over the course of time. In particular, our approach is focused on elucidating the role of randomness in the time behavior of chemically reacting lipid compartments, such as micelles, vesicles or micro emulsions, in regimes where random fluctuations due to the stochastic nature of reacting events can lead an open system towards unexpected time evolutions. Results This paper analyses the so-called Ribocell (RNA-based cell) model. It consists in a hypothetical minimal cell based on a self-replicating minimum RNA genome coupled with a self-reproducing lipid vesicle compartment. This model assumes the existence of two ribozymes, one able to catalyze the conversion of molecular precursors into lipids and the second able to replicate RNA strands. The aim of this contribution is to explore the feasibility of this hypothetical minimal cell. By deterministic kinetic analysis, the best external conditions to observe synchronization between genome self-replication and vesicle membrane reproduction are determined, while its robustness to random fluctuations is investigated using stochastic simulations, and then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mavelli
- Chemistry Department, University Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125, Italy.
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Kooijmans SAA, Vader P, van Dommelen SM, van Solinge WW, Schiffelers RM. Exosome mimetics: a novel class of drug delivery systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1525-41. [PMID: 22619510 PMCID: PMC3356169 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of extracellular phospholipid vesicles as conveyors of cellular information has created excitement in the field of drug delivery. Biological therapeutics, including short interfering RNA and recombinant proteins, are prone to degradation, have limited ability to cross biological membranes, and may elicit immune responses. Therefore, delivery systems for such drugs are under intensive investigation. Exploiting extracellular vesicles as carriers for biological therapeutics is a promising strategy to overcome these issues and to achieve efficient delivery to the cytosol of target cells. Exosomes are a well studied class of extracellular vesicles known to carry proteins and nucleic acids, making them especially suitable for such strategies. However, the considerable complexity and the related high chance of off-target effects of these carriers are major barriers for translation to the clinic. Given that it is well possible that not all components of exosomes are required for their proper functioning, an alternative strategy would be to mimic these vesicles synthetically. By assembly of liposomes harboring only crucial components of natural exosomes, functional exosome mimetics may be created. The low complexity and use of well characterized components strongly increase the pharmaceutical acceptability of such systems. However, exosomal components that would be required for the assembly of functional exosome mimetics remain to be identified. This review provides insights into the composition and functional properties of exosomes, and focuses on components which could be used to enhance the drug delivery properties of exosome mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander A A Kooijmans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Zheng Y, Liu X, Samoshina NM, Chertkov VA, Franz AH, Guo X, Samoshin VV. Fliposomes: pH-controlled Release from Liposomes Containing New trans-2-Morpholinocyclohexanol-based Amphiphiles that Perform a Conformational Flip and Trigger an Instant Cargo Release upon Acidification. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of pH-sensitive liposome (fliposomes) was designed based on the amphiphiles that are able to perform a pH-triggered conformational flip (flipids). This flip disrupts the liposome membrane and causes rapid release of the liposome cargo, specifically in the areas of increased acidity. The flipids (1-3) are equipped with a trans-2-morpholinocyclohexanol conformational switch. pH-Sensitive fliposomes containing one of these flipids, POPC and PEG-ceramide (molar ratio 50/45/5) were constructed and characterized. These compositions were stable at 4oC and pH 7.4 for several months. Fliposomes loaded with ANTS/DPX demonstrated an unusually quick content release (in a few seconds) at pH below 5.5, which was more efficient in the case of flipid 1 with the shorter linear C12-tails. The pH-titration curve for the fliposome leakage paralleled the curve for the acid-induced conformational flip of 1-3 studied by 1H NMR. A plausible mechanism of the pH-sensitivity starts with an acid-triggered conformational flip of 1, 2 or 3, which changes the molecular size and shape, shortens the lipid tails, and perturbs the liposome membrane resulting in the content leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Nataliya M. Samoshina
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | | | - Andreas H. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V. Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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Fernandez-Fernandez A, Manchanda R, McGoron AJ. Theranostic applications of nanomaterials in cancer: drug delivery, image-guided therapy, and multifunctional platforms. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1628-51. [PMID: 21947761 PMCID: PMC3239222 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Successful cancer management depends on accurate diagnostics along with specific treatment protocols. Current diagnostic techniques need to be improved to provide earlier detection capabilities, and traditional chemotherapy approaches to cancer treatment are limited by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity. This review highlights advances in nanotechnology that have allowed the development of multifunctional platforms for cancer detection, therapy, and monitoring. Nanomaterials can be used as MRI, optical imaging, and photoacoustic imaging contrast agents. When used as drug carriers, nanoformulations can increase tumor exposure to therapeutic agents and result in improved treatment effects by prolonging circulation times, protecting entrapped drugs from degradation, and enhancing tumor uptake through the enhanced permeability and retention effect as well as receptor-mediated endocytosis. Multiple therapeutic agents such as chemotherapy, antiangiogenic, or gene therapy agents can be simultaneously delivered by nanocarriers to tumor sites to enhance the effectiveness of therapy. Additionally, imaging and therapy agents can be co-delivered to provide seamless integration of diagnostics, therapy, and follow-up, and different therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy and hyperthermia can be co-administered to take advantage of synergistic effects. Liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots are examples of nanoformulations that can be used as multifunctional platforms for cancer theranostics. Nanomedicine approaches in cancer have great potential for clinically translatable advances that can positively impact the overall diagnostic and therapeutic process and result in enhanced quality of life for cancer patients. However, a concerted scientific effort is still necessary to fully explore long-term risks, effects, and precautions for safe human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Huang NP, De Paul SM, Textor M. “Docking Sites”: Nanometer-Scale Organization of a Reactive, Protein-resistant, Graft Copolymer-Based Interface for Macromolecule Immobilization. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4213-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2009872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics,
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Surface Science
and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan M. De Paul
- Laboratory for Surface Science
and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Textor
- Laboratory for Surface Science
and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Samoshina NM, Liu X, Brazdova B, Franz AH, Samoshin VV, Guo X. Fliposomes: pH-Sensitive Liposomes Containing a trans-2-morpholinocyclohexanol-Based Lipid That Performs a Conformational Flip and Triggers an Instant Cargo Release in Acidic Medium. Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:379-405. [PMID: 24310586 PMCID: PMC3857072 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of a pH-sensitive conformational switch into a lipid structure enables a drastic conformational flip upon protonation that disrupts the liposome membrane and causes rapid release of cargo specifically in areas of increased acidity. pH-sensitive liposomes containing the amphiphile (1) with trans-2-morpholinocyclohexanol conformational switch, a phospholipid, and a PEG-lipid conjugate were constructed and characterized. The optimized composition—1/POPC/PEG-ceramide (50/4/5)—could be stored at 4 °C and pH 7.4 for up to 1.5 years, and was stable in blood serum in vitro after 48 h at 37 °C. Liposomes loaded with ANTS/DPX or methotrexate demonstrated an unusually quick content release (in a few seconds) at pH below 5.5, which was independent of inter-liposome contact. The pH-titration curve for the liposome leakage paralleled the curve for the acid-induced conformational flip of 1 studied by 1H-NMR. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy images showed budding and division of the bilayer at pH 5.5. A plausible mechanism of pH-sensitivity involves an acid-triggered conformational flip of 1, shortening of lipid tails, and membrane perturbations, which cause the content leakage. The methotrexate-loaded liposomes demonstrated much higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells than the free drug indicating that they can serve as viable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya M. Samoshina
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Barbora Brazdova
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Andreas H. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V. Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave., Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.V.S.); (X.G.); Tel.: +1-209-946-2921 (V.V.S.); +1-209-946-2321 (X.G.); Fax: +1-209-946-2607 (V.V.S.)
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.V.S.); (X.G.); Tel.: +1-209-946-2921 (V.V.S.); +1-209-946-2321 (X.G.); Fax: +1-209-946-2607 (V.V.S.)
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