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Palusiak A. Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae as pathogens capable of causing co-infections and exhibiting similarities in their virulence factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991657. [PMID: 36339335 PMCID: PMC9630907 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genera Klebsiella and Proteus were independently described in 1885. These Gram-negative rods colonize the human intestinal tract regarded as the main reservoir of these opportunistic pathogens. In favorable conditions they cause infections, often hospital-acquired ones. The activity of K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, the leading pathogens within each genus, results in infections of the urinary (UTIs) and respiratory tracts, wounds, bacteremia, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae cause polymicrobial UTIs, which are often persistent due to the catheter biofilm formation or increasing resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics. In this situation a need arises to find the antigens with features common to both species. Among many virulence factors produced by both pathogens urease shows some structural similarities but the biggest similarities have been observed in lipids A and the core regions of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Both species produce capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) but only in K. pneumoniae these antigens play a crucial role in the serological classification scheme, which in Proteus spp. is based on the structural and serological diversity of LPS O-polysaccharides (OPSs). Structural and serological similarities observed for Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. polysaccharides are important in the search for the cross-reacting vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Palusiak
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Drzewiecka D, Palusiak A, Siwińska M, Zabłotni A. The prevailing O serogroups among the serologically differentiated clinical Proteus spp. strains in central Poland. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18982. [PMID: 34556711 PMCID: PMC8460819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the years 2006–2011, 617 Proteus spp. strains isolated mostly from urine and wounds or other clinical sources were collected in Łódź, Poland, to determine the offensive O serotypes frequently occurring among patients. P. mirabilis exhibited the most intensive swarming growth and was dominating species (86.9%), followed by P. genomospecies, P. vulgaris, and P. penneri. Ninety four per cent strains were recognized as S (smooth) forms. Serological studies (involving ELISA—enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting using native and adsorbed rabbit antisera) enabled classification of 80% S isolates into respective Proteus O serogroups among the 83 ones, described so far. The remaining strains seemed to be serologically unique. Despite the observed big serological variety of Proteus spp. isolates, we found the O78 serogroup recently described in Poland as dominating and identified other widespread serotypes: O3, O6, O10, O11, O27, O28, and O30 reported earlier as predominating also in other countries; O77 and O79 detected lately in Poland; O16, O18, O20, and O50. No unique structural feature of the prevalent O serotypes has been indicated. However, the prevalence of some O serogroups indicates that particular serotypes may be in some ways beneficial to the strains producing these kinds of O antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Drzewiecka
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Agata Palusiak
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Siwińska
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zabłotni
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
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Wasfi R, Hamed SM, Amer MA, Fahmy LI. Proteus mirabilis Biofilm: Development and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:414. [PMID: 32923408 PMCID: PMC7456845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram negative bacterium that is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Its ability to cause such infections is mostly related to the formation of biofilms on catheter surfaces. In order to form biofilms, P. mirabilis expresses a number of virulence factors. Such factors may include adhesion proteins, quorum sensing molecules, lipopolysaccharides, efflux pumps, and urease enzyme. A unique feature of P. mirabilis biofilms that build up on catheter surfaces is their crystalline nature owing to their ureolytic biomineralization. This leads to catheter encrustation and blockage and, in most cases, is accompanied by urine retention and ascending UTIs. Bacteria embedded in crystalline biofilms become highly resistant to conventional antimicrobials as well as the immune system. Being refractory to antimicrobial treatment, alternative approaches for eradicating P. mirabilis biofilms have been sought by many studies. The current review focuses on the mechanism by which P. mirabilis biofilms are formed, and a state of the art update on preventing biofilm formation and reduction of mature biofilms. These treatment approaches include natural, and synthetic compounds targeting virulence factors and quorum sensing, beside other strategies that include carrier-mediated diffusion of antimicrobials into biofilm matrix. Bacteriophage therapy has also shown successful results in vitro for combating P. mirabilis biofilms either merely through their lytic effect or by acting as facilitators for antimicrobials diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Samira M Hamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Amer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Ismail Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Alves DR, Nzakizwanayo J, Dedi C, Olympiou C, Hanin A, Kot W, Hansen L, Lametsch R, Gahan CGM, Schellenberger P, Ogilvie LA, Jones BV. Genomic and Ecogenomic Characterization of Proteus mirabilis Bacteriophages. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1783. [PMID: 31447809 PMCID: PMC6691071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis often complicates the care of catheterized patients through the formation of crystalline biofilms which block urine flow. Bacteriophage therapy has been highlighted as a promising approach to control this problem, but relatively few phages infecting P. mirabilis have been characterized. Here we characterize five phages capable of infecting P. mirabilis, including those shown to reduce biofilm formation, and provide insights regarding the wider ecological and evolutionary relationships of these phages. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging of phages vB_PmiP_RS1pmA, vB_PmiP_RS1pmB, vB_PmiP_RS3pmA, and vB_PmiP_RS8pmA showed that all share morphologies characteristic of the Podoviridae family. The genome sequences of vB_PmiP_RS1pmA, vB_PmiP_RS1pmB, and vB_PmiP_RS3pmA showed these are species of the same phage differing only by point mutations, and are closely related to vB_PmiP_RS8pmA. Podophages characterized in this study were also found to share similarity in genome architecture and composition to other previously described P. mirabilis podophages (PM16 and PM75). In contrast, vB_PimP_RS51pmB showed morphology characteristic of the Myoviridae family, with no notable similarity to other phage genomes examined. Ecogenomic profiling of all phages revealed no association with human urinary tract viromes, but sequences similar to vB_PimP_RS51pmB were found within human gut, and human oral microbiomes. Investigation of wider host-phage evolutionary relationships through tetranucleotide profiling of phage genomes and bacterial chromosomes, indicated vB_PimP_RS51pmB has a relatively recent association with Morganella morganii and other non-Proteus members of the Morganellaceae family. Subsequent host range assays confirmed vB_PimP_RS51pmB can infect M. morganii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Alves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Nzakizwanayo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Dedi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Olympiou
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Hanin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cormac G. M. Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Lesley A. Ogilvie
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Brian V. Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Gleńska-Olender J, Durlik K, Konieczna I, Kowalska P, Gawęda J, Kaca W. Detection of human antibodies binding with smooth and rough LPSs from Proteus mirabilis O3 strains S1959, R110, R45. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1435-1443. [PMID: 28889208 PMCID: PMC5644700 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Proteus of the family Enterobacteriaceae are facultative human pathogens responsible mainly for urinary tract and wound infections, bacteremia and the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have analyzed and compared by ELISA the titer of antibodies in plasmas of healthy individuals and in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients recognizing a potential host cross-reactive epitope (lysine-galacturonic acid epitopes) present in Proteus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In our experiments LPSs isolated from two mutants of smooth Proteus mirabilis 1959 (O3), i.e. strains R110 and R45, were used. R110 (Ra type mutant) is lacking the O-specific polysaccharide, but possesses a complete core oligosaccharide, while R45 (Re type) has a reduced core oligosaccharide and contains two 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid residues and one of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose residues. Titer of P. mirabilis S1959 LPS-specific-antibodies increased with the age of blood donors. RA and blood donors' sera contained antibodies against S and Ra and Re type of P. mirabilis O3 LPSs. Antibodies recognizing lysine-galacturonic acid epitopes of O3 LPS were detected by ELISA in some plasmas of healthy individuals and sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients. RA patients antibodies reacting with P. mirabilis S1959 S and R LPSs may indicate a potential role of anti-LPS antibodies in molecular mimicry in RA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gleńska-Olender
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.,Świętokrzyskie Biobank, The Regional Science and Technology Center, 26-060, Podzamcze, Poland
| | - K Durlik
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - I Konieczna
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - P Kowalska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - J Gawęda
- Świętokrzyskie Rheumatology Centre, St. Lukes Hospital, 26-200, Końskie, Poland
| | - W Kaca
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
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Yu X, Torzewska A, Zhang X, Yin Z, Drzewiecka D, Cao H, Liu B, Knirel YA, Rozalski A, Wang L. Genetic diversity of the O antigens of Proteus species and the development of a suspension array for molecular serotyping. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183267. [PMID: 28817637 PMCID: PMC5560731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus species are well-known opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with skin wound and urinary tract infections in humans and animals. O antigen diversity is important for bacteria to adapt to different hosts and environments, and has been used to identify serotypes of Proteus isolates. At present, 80 Proteus O-serotypes have been reported. Although the O antigen structures of most Proteus serotypes have been identified, the genetic features of these O antigens have not been well characterized. The O antigen gene clusters of Proteus species are located between the cpxA and secB genes. In this study, we identified 55 O antigen gene clusters of different Proteus serotypes. All clusters contain both the wzx and wzy genes and exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity. Potential functions of O antigen-related genes were proposed based on their similarity to genes in available databases. The O antigen gene clusters and structures were compared, and a number of glycosyltransferases were assigned to glycosidic linkages. In addition, an O serotype-specific suspension array was developed for detecting 31 Proteus serotypes frequently isolated from clinical specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report to describe the genetic features of Proteus O antigens and to develop a molecular technique to identify different Proteus serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Agnieszka Torzewska
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Department of General Microbiology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dominika Drzewiecka
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Department of General Microbiology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hengchun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Antoni Rozalski
- Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Department of General Microbiology Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Melo LDR, Veiga P, Cerca N, Kropinski AM, Almeida C, Azeredo J, Sillankorva S. Development of a Phage Cocktail to Control Proteus mirabilis Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1024. [PMID: 27446059 PMCID: PMC4923195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is an enterobacterium that causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) due to its ability to colonize and form crystalline biofilms on the catheters surface. CAUTIs are very difficult to treat, since biofilm structures are highly tolerant to antibiotics. Phages have been used widely to control a diversity of bacterial species, however, a limited number of phages for P. mirabilis have been isolated and studied. Here we report the isolation of two novel virulent phages, the podovirus vB_PmiP_5460 and the myovirus vB_PmiM_5461, which are able to target, respectively, 16 of the 26 and all the Proteus strains tested in this study. Both phages have been characterized thoroughly and sequencing data revealed no traces of genes associated with lysogeny. To further evaluate the phages’ ability to prevent catheter’s colonization by Proteus, the phages adherence to silicone surfaces was assessed. Further tests in phage-coated catheters using a dynamic biofilm model simulating CAUTIs, have shown a significant reduction of P. mirabilis biofilm formation up to 168 h of catheterization. These results highlight the potential usefulness of the two isolated phages for the prevention of surface colonization by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís D R Melo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Veiga
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada
| | - Carina Almeida
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga Braga, Portugal
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