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Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE, Bychkov AY, Chivkunova OB, Golovin AV, Gorelova OA, Ismagulova TT, Kulik LV, Lobakova ES, Lukyanov AA, Samoilova RI, Scherbakov PN, Selyakh IO, Semenova LR, Vasilieva SG, Baulina OI, Skulachev MV, Kirpichnikov MP. Cationic penetrating antioxidants switch off Mn cluster of photosystem II in situ. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:229-240. [PMID: 31302832 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (also known as 'Skulachev Ions' electrophoretically accumulated by mitochondria) exert anti-ageing and ROS-protecting effects well documented in animal and human cells. However, their effects on chloroplast in photosynthetic cells and corresponding mechanisms are scarcely known. For the first time, we describe a dramatic quenching effect of (10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on chlorophyll fluorescence, apparently mediated by redox interaction of SkQ1 with Mn cluster in Photosystem II (PSII) of chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris and disabling the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Microalgal cells displayed a vigorous uptake of SkQ1 which internal concentration built up to a very high level. Using optical and EPR spectroscopy, as well as electron donors and in silico molecular simulation techniques, we found that SkQ1 molecule can interact with Mn atoms of the OEC in PSII. This stops water splitting giving rise to potent quencher(s), e.g. oxidized reaction centre of PSII. Other components of the photosynthetic apparatus proved to be mostly intact. This effect of the Skulachev ions might help to develop in vivo models of photosynthetic cells with impaired OEC function but essentially intact otherwise. The observed phenomenon suggests that SkQ1 can be applied to study stress-induced damages to OEC in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
| | - Alexei E Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Andrew Y Bychkov
- Faculty of Geology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga B Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Olga A Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Tatiana T Ismagulova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Leonid V Kulik
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Elena S Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Alexandr A Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Rima I Samoilova
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Pavel N Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Irina O Selyakh
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Larisa R Semenova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Svetlana G Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga I Baulina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Mitoengineering, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
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Samuilov VD, Kiselevsky DB, Oleskin AV. Mitochondria-targeted quinones suppress the generation of reactive oxygen species, programmed cell death and senescence in plants. Mitochondrion 2019; 46:164-171. [PMID: 29723685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the effect of mitochondria-targeted quinones (SkQs) on plants. SkQs with antioxidant properties are accumulated in the mitochondria of pea cells and suppress the generation of reactive oxygen species. At nanomolar concentrations, SkQs prevented the death of pea leaf epidermal or guard cells caused by chitosan, bacterial lipopolysaccharide or KCN. The protective effect of SkQs was removed by a protonophoric uncoupler. SkQs at micromolar concentrations inhibited the O2 evolution by illuminated chloroplasts and stimulated the respiration of mitochondria. SkQs slowed down the senescence and the death of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and improved the wheat crop structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly D Samuilov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, bld. 12, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry B Kiselevsky
- Faculty of Biology, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, bld. 12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Oleskin
- Faculty of Biology, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, bld. 12, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Liu M, Lu S. Plastoquinone and Ubiquinone in Plants: Biosynthesis, Physiological Function and Metabolic Engineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1898. [PMID: 28018418 PMCID: PMC5159609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone (PQ) and ubiquinone (UQ) are two important prenylquinones, functioning as electron transporters in the electron transport chain of oxygenic photosynthesis and the aerobic respiratory chain, respectively, and play indispensable roles in plant growth and development through participating in the biosynthesis and metabolism of important chemical compounds, acting as antioxidants, being involved in plant response to stress, and regulating gene expression and cell signal transduction. UQ, particularly UQ10, has also been widely used in people's life. It is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, chronic gingivitis and periodontitis, and shows favorable impact on cancer treatment and human reproductive health. PQ and UQ are made up of an active benzoquinone ring attached to a polyisoprenoid side chain. Biosynthesis of PQ and UQ is very complicated with more than thirty five enzymes involved. Their synthetic pathways can be generally divided into two stages. The first stage leads to the biosynthesis of precursors of benzene quinone ring and prenyl side chain. The benzene quinone ring for UQ is synthesized from tyrosine or phenylalanine, whereas the ring for PQ is derived from tyrosine. The prenyl side chains of PQ and UQ are derived from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate through the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway and/or acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA through the mevalonate pathway. The second stage includes the condensation of ring and side chain and subsequent modification. Homogentisate solanesyltransferase, 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase and a series of benzene quinone ring modification enzymes are involved in this stage. PQ exists in plants, while UQ widely presents in plants, animals and microbes. Many enzymes and their encoding genes involved in PQ and UQ biosynthesis have been intensively studied recently. Metabolic engineering of UQ10 in plants, such as rice and tobacco, has also been tested. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research progresses in the biosynthetic pathways of PQ and UQ and enzymes and their encoding genes involved in side chain elongation and in the second stage of PQ and UQ biosynthesis. Physiological functions of PQ and UQ played in plants as well as the practical application and metabolic engineering of PQ and UQ are also included.
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Kiselevsky DB, Frolova OY, Solovyev AG, Dorokhov YL, Morozov SY, Samuilov VD. Plant cell death caused by fungal, bacterial, and viral elicitors: protective effect of mitochondria-targeted quinones. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2014; 79:1322-32. [PMID: 25716725 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (partially deacetylated chitin), a component of fungal cell walls, caused epidermal cell (EC) death in the leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and tobacco Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana detected by destruction of cell nuclei. The mitochondria-targeted quinone SkQ1 prevented the destruction of EC nuclei induced by chitosan. Chitosan increased and SkQ1 suppressed the activity of protein kinases in N. benthamiana and P. sativum and eliminated the effect of chitosan. Chitosan induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the guard cells (GC) of pea plants. Treatment with chitosan or H2O2 did not cause destruction of GC nuclei; however, it resulted in disruption of the permeability barrier of the plasma membrane detected by propidium iodide fluorescence. Treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide but not peptidoglycan caused destruction of pea EC nuclei, which was prevented by SkQ1. Leaves of tobacco plants containing the N gene responsible for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. These cells contained a genetic construct with the gene of the helicase domain of TMV replicase (p50); its protein product p50 is a target for the N-gene product. As a result, the hypersensitive response (HR) was initiated. The HR manifested itself in the death of leaves and was suppressed by SkQ3. Treatment of tobacco epidermal peels with the A. tumefaciens cells for the p50 gene expression stimulated the destruction of EC nuclei, which was inhibited by SkQ1 or SkQ3. The p50-lacking A. tumefaciens cells did not induce the destruction of EC nuclei. The protective effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants SkQ1 and SkQ3 demonstrates the involvement of mitochondria and their ROS in programmed cell death caused by pathogen elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Kiselevsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Solovieva AD, Frolova OY, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY, Zamyatnin AA. Effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 on programmed cell death induced by viral proteins in tobacco plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2013; 78:1006-12. [PMID: 24228922 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791309006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the main defense mechanism in plants to fight various pathogens including viruses. The best-studied example of virus-induced PCD in plants is Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-elicited hypersensitive response in tobacco plants containing the N resistance gene. It was previously reported that the animal mitochondrial protein Bcl-xL, which lacks a homolog in plants, effectively suppresses plant PCD induced by TMV p50 - the elicitor of hypersensitive response in Nicotiana tabacum carrying the N gene. Our studies show that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 effectively suppresses p50-induced PCD in tobacco plants. On the other hand, SkQ1 did not affect Poa semilatent virus TGB3-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is followed by PCD, in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. These data suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 can be used to study molecular mechanisms of PCD suppression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Solovieva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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