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Li L, Wu S, Si Y, Li H, Yin X, Peng D. Single-chain fragment variable produced by phage display technology: Construction, selection, mutation, expression, and recent applications in food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4354-4377. [PMID: 35904244 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are reliable, efficient, and accurate methods for the analysis of small-molecule harmful substances (such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, and biological toxins) that may be present in food. However, traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are limited by animal hosts and hinder further development of immunoassays. With the gradual application of phage display technology as an efficient in vitro selection technology, the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) now provides an exciting alternative to traditional antibodies. Efficiently constructed scFv source libraries and specifically designed biopanning schemes can now yield scFvs possessing specific recognition capabilities. A rational mutation strategy further enhances the affinity of scFv, and allows it to reach a level that cannot be achieved by immunization. Finally, appropriate prokaryotic expression measures ensure stable and efficient production of scFv. Therefore, when developing excellent scFvs, it is necessary to focus on three key aspects of this process that include screening, mutation, and expression. In this review, we analyze in detail the preparation and affinity improvement process for scFv and provide insights into the research progress and development trend of scFv-based immunoassay methods for monitoring small-molecule harmful substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangmin Wu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Si
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huaming Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yin
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Lu Q, Hou YY, Liu XX, Wang H, Hou JJ, Wei JL, Zhou SS, Liu XY. Construction, expression and functional analysis of anti-clenbuterol codon-optimized scFv recombinant antibody. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110973. [PMID: 31738983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The construction, expression and functional analysis of codon-optimized single-chain variable fragment (coscFv) against clenbuterol (CBL) prepared from the Escherichia coli system is described. First, the ionic concentration for coscFv expression was optimized through single-factor experiments. Then, the extraction conditions of inclusion bodies were optimized, and coscFv was affinity-purified. Finally, the functional analysis of coscFv was elucidated by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) and molecular docking. After optimizing the ionic concentration, the yield of coscFv increased from 21.69% to 23.26%. The molecular weight of coscFv was determined to be approximately 27 kDa according to the SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. The percentage of coscFv was as high as 43.9% after the inclusion bodies were extracted, washed, and dissolved. Functional analysis indicated that the coscFv recognized CBL, and the 50% inhibition average concentration of CBL (IC50) was 4.22 ± 0.01 (n = 3) ng/mL. The binding site between coscFv and CBL consisted of Asp33H, Met34H, Ser50H, Arg52H, Tyr57H, Leu59H, Asp99H, and Tyr93L. Our study confirms that coscFv can bind with CBL through the key amino acid residues and can be used to sensitively detect CBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yao-Yao Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Xi-Xia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Jing-Li Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Xin-Ya Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
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He J, Tao X, Wang K, Ding G, Li J, Li QX, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Xu T. One-step immunoassay for the insecticide carbaryl using a chicken single-chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to alkaline phosphatase. Anal Biochem 2019; 572:9-15. [PMID: 30831096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays provide a high-throughput method for monitoring pesticides in foods and the environment. Due to easy generation and capable of being manipulated, chicken single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is attractive in the development of immunoassays for pesticides. Two scFvs (X1 and X2) against the insecticide carbaryl were generated from a chicken immunized with hapten C1 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and fused with alkaline phosphatase (AP) to develop a rapid one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for this pesticide. X2-AP showed higher binding affinity to carbaryl than X1-AP. The X2-AP-based ELISA had a half-maximum signal inhibition concentration of 15 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection of 1.6 ng mL-1. This assay showed negligible cross-reactivity with other carbamate pesticides (<0.1%) and low cross-reactivity with 1-naphthol (5%). The average recoveries of carbaryl spiked in soil, apple and pear samples by the one-step assay ranged from 90% to 114% and agreed well with those of high-performance liquid chromatography. The chicken scFv-based assay showed promise as a high-throughput screening tool for carbaryl in environmental and food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuewu Tao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guochun Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Shirley J Gee
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang Z, Li Y, Liang W, Zheng J, Li S, Hu C, Chen A. A Highly Sensitive Detection System based on Proximity-dependent Hybridization with Computer-aided Affinity Maturation of a scFv Antibody. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3837. [PMID: 29497069 PMCID: PMC5832849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a critical health problem worldwide, and HBV preS1 is an important biomarker for monitoring HBV infection. Previously, we found that a murine monoclonal antibody, mAb-D8, targets the preS1 (aa91-107) fragment of HBV. To improve its performance, we prepared the single-chain variable region of mAb-D8 (scFvD8) and constructed the three-dimensional structure of the scFvD8-preS1 (aa91-107) complex by computer modelling. The affinity of scFvD8 was markedly increased by the introduction of mutations L96Tyr to Ser and H98Asp to Ser. Furthermore, a highly sensitive immunosensor was designed based on a proximity-dependent hybridization strategy in which the preS1 antigen competitively reacts with an antibody labelled with DNA, resulting in decreased proximity-dependent hybridization and increased electrochemical signal from the Fc fragment, which can be used for the quantisation of preS1. The results showed a wide detection range from 1 pM to 50 pM with a detection limit of 0.1 pM. The sensitivity and specificity of this immunosensor in clinical serum samples were 100% and 96%, respectively. This study provides a novel system based on proximity-dependent hybridization and the scFv antibody fragment for the rapid quantisation of antigens of interest with a high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Junsong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Chuanmin Hu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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Zhang X, He K, Zhao R, Feng T, Wei D. Development of a Single Chain Variable Fragment Antibody and Application as Amatoxin Recognition Molecule in Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang X, He K, Zhao R, Wang L, Jin Y. Cloning of scFv from hybridomas using a rational strategy: Application as a receptor to sensitive detection microcystin-LR in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:230-236. [PMID: 27380224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single chain variable fragment (scFv), containing of heavy and light chains (VH and VL) joined by a short peptide linker, has been used widely for immunodetection. Nevertheless, cloning functional variable genes is still a bottle neck for the scFv generation technology. Here, a rational strategy for cloning and selecting variable region genes from an anti-microcystin-LR hybridoma was devised, then the functional VH and VL genes were recloned and assembled to scFv using splicing overlap extension PCR. The resulting scFv gene was recombinantly expressed as a soluble scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein (scFv-AP) by vector PLIP6/GN. Then an indirect competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) for detection of microcystin-LR was developed. The half-maximum inhibition concentrations (IC50) and limits of detection (LODs, IC15) were 0.81 ± 0.04 μgL(-1) and 0.13 ± 0.03 μgL(-1), respectively. With the mean coefficient of variation lowing 8%, the mean recovery in intra-assay and inter-assay were 100.06% and 96.46%, The proposed strategy should be useful for generation scFv in a rapid and simple way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Zhang
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China; College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Kuo He
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
| | - Ruiping Zhao
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yandan Jin
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
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Liu R, Liang X, Xiang D, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhu G. Expression and Functional Properties of an Anti-Triazophos High-Affinity Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody with Specific Lambda Light Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E823. [PMID: 27338340 PMCID: PMC4926357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazophos is a widely used organophosphorous insecticide that has potentially adverse effects to organisms. In the present study, a high-affinity single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody with specific lambda light chain was developed for residue monitoring. First, the specific variable regions were correctly amplified from a hybridoma cell line 8C10 that secreted monoclonal antibody (mAb) against triazophos. The regions were then assembled as scFv via splicing by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the recombinant anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB2151 in soluble form, purified through immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and verified via Western blot and peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. Afterward, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established based on the purified anti-triazophos scFv-8C10 antibody. The assay exhibited properties similar to those based on the parent mAb, with a high sensitivity (IC50 of 1.73 ng/mL) to triazophos and no cross reaction for other organophosphorus pesticides; it was reliable in detecting triazophos residues in spiked water samples. Moreover, kinetic measurement using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor indicated that the purified scFv-8C10 antibody had a high affinity of 1.8 × 10(-10) M and exhibited good binding stability. Results indicated that the recombinant high-affinity scFv-8C10 antibody was an effective detection material that would be promising for monitoring triazophos residues in environment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Dandan Xiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yirong Guo
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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He K, Zhang X, Zhao R, Wang L, Feng T, Wei D. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a gold-nanoparticle based immunochromatographic test for amatoxins using recombinant antibody. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Production of a soluble single-chain variable fragment antibody against okadaic acid and exploration of its specific binding. Anal Biochem 2016; 503:21-7. [PMID: 26772159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid is a lipophilic marine algal toxin commonly responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Outbreaks of DSP have been increasing and are of worldwide public health concern; therefore, there is a growing demand for more rapid, reliable, and economical analytical methods for the detection of this toxin. In this study, anti-okadaic acid single-chain variable fragment (scFv) genes were prepared by cloning heavy and light chain genes from hybridoma cells, followed by fusion of the chains via a linker peptide. An scFv-pLIP6/GN recombinant plasmid was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli for expression, and the target scFv was identified with IC-CLEIA (chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay). The IC15 was 0.012 ± 0.02 μg/L, and the IC50 was 0.25 ± 0.03 μg/L. The three-dimensional structure of the scFv was simulated with computer modeling, and okadaic acid was docked to the scFv model to obtain a putative structure of the binding complex. Two predicted critical amino acids, Ser32 and Thr187, were then mutated to verify this theoretical model. Both mutants exhibited significant loss of binding activity. These results help us to understand this specific scFv-antigen binding mechanism and provide guidance for affinity maturation of the antibody in vitro. The high-affinity scFv developed here also has potential for okadaic acid toxin detection.
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